this demands a more improved habit of reasoning-a power of pursuing the course of events from age to age-and of handling the links of a long chain of reasoning. The Mohammedans however, while they admit the argument from miracles, are perfectly capable of comprehending that from prophecy. And it is a mode of argument, we think, actively to be pursued with them. All this, however, supposes a body of missionaries qualified to instruct them; and with such, we venture to hope, the various missionary schools and colleges, and especially that attached to the Church Missionary Society, will gradually supply them. Some of the ardent spirits of the age appear to fancy that all missionary means for the extinction of Mohammedanism are superfluous; and that the cause may be safely consigned to the sword of the Russians, and the course of events as depicted in the prophetic volume. And even the more sober interpreters concur in thinking that the fall of Popery and of Mohammedanism will be nearly contemporaneous. The moment, however, at which this double blow will be inflicted upon the head of Antichrist, is among the times and seasons with which no man is acquainted. In the mean time, let us not be idle. Let the devout worshipper not "hold his peace" till the righiteousness of "the Gospel" go forth

"as brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth;" till the universal church become "a crown of glory in the hand of the Lord, and a royal diadem in the hand of our God." Nor let us despair of success in whatever labours are bestowed upon this generous object. Mohammedanism presents many points of hope and attraction to the enlightened and undaunted missionary. Its followers are the inhabitants of states just civilized enough to perceive their want of more civilization-just instructed enough in religion to perceive,-when they are brought to think at all,-their want of a purer faith. They are not bound by the shackles of idolatry; they worship one God; they believe in the immortality of the soul, and in a future judgment; they allow the Pentateuch and the Gospel to be sacred books: they consider the patriarch Abraham as the first founder of their religion. There is, therefore, much common ground on which to erect the instruments of spiritual warfare. And may many soldiers of the Cross be found to enter upon a crusade, not of military adventure and personal ambition, but of holiness and peace, in which the war is headed by "the Captain of our salvation," of which the banner is love, and the chosen instruments are, reason, and tenderness, and a holy life.

but had a more extended support been afforded them, they would have been enabled to accomplish much more. There being no charges for rent or salaries, the only expenses incurred by the Committee have been for the establishments of Glass and Day, for spreading information of the efficacy of the machine, and for printing and advertising. To meet these exigencies, a moderate but regular annual subscription is desirable. The tract, entitled “Practical Information," &c., which has been appended to our pages, renders it unnecessary to repeat the information contained in it. We are happy to learn that our circulation of this paper has greatly promoted the objects of the society. The machine is being introduced into many government departments and royal palaces, and the example has been extensively followed by many public institutions. As much of the evil which it is the object of the society to counteract has arisen from the irregular construction of chimneys, clauses have been introduced into the draft of the New Building Act, providing for the construction of flues, in future, in such a manner as to admit of being readily swept by machinery. The committee have also prepared the draft of a Bill for the better regulation of Chimney Sweepers and their Apprentices. These clauses provide that no boys under fourteen years of age shall be apprenticed to the trade, and prohibit climbing chimneys for the purpose of sweeping, coring, or extinguishing fires, by any person under twenty-one years of age.

Dr. Forster has conducted a variety of experiments to shew that original and reflected light may be distinguished from each other by causing the object glass of a telescope to vibrate, so as rapidly to change the inclination of its plane to the object; in which case reflected light remains unchanged after its refraction; whereas original light becomes decomposed into its colours. The fixed stars gave coloured light; the planets white; though the latter might be decomposed like the former through a prism. The discovery will be applied to ascertain whether comets shine by native or borrowed light.

Dr. Johnson's favourite willow-tree, which he always went to see when he visited Lichfield, was lately blown down. It is stated to have measured no less than twenty-nine feet in circumference.

The following are the altitudes above the sea of the chief hills in Kent, Essex, Middlesex, and Surrey:-Kent: Allington CHRIST, OBSERV. No, 330.

Knoll, 329 feet; Dover-castle, 469; Folkestone-turnpike, 575; Goudhurst, 491; Greenwich-observatory, 214; High Nock, near Dymchurch, 280; Hollingbourn-hill, 616; Paddlesworth, 642; Shooters'-hill, 446; Swingfield-steeple, 330; Tenterden-steeple, 322.-Essex: Highbeech, 760; Langdon-hill, 620.Middlesex: Hanger-hill Tower, 251; King's-arbour, 132.-Surrey: Saint Ann'shill, 240; Bagshot-heath, 463; Banstead, 576; Botley-hill, 880; Hind-head, 928; Hundred-acres, 443; Leith-hill, 293; Norwood, 380.

We are glad to find that the ecclesiastical court has at length pronounced a sentence of deprivation of his benefice against Dr. Free, of Sutton, whose inmoralities have been so often publicly noticed. But how wretched must be the state of discipline among us, that so opprobrious a case should have been so long pending, and at such an enormous expense to the prosecutors! The learned judge stated, that it is highly honourable to our clergy that so few examples of scandal are found among them the expectation of legal visitation certainly cannot have much influence in the matter.

Captain Ross has sailed on another voyage for the discovery of the north-west passage.

Tobacco is extensively planted in Ireland; and the quantity grown last year, if foreign and imported, would have yielded 140,000l. to the revenue. No duty is attached to Irish tobacco, but the growth is interdicted in England.

FRANCE.

The Revue Encyclopedique states, that although, in consequence of the colonial system, sugar is a very expensive article in France, the best refined sugar is to be had at Antwerp, duty paid, at sixpence or sixpence-halfpenny per lb. ; and that sugar exported from France, with the allowance of the drawback, is sold in Switzerland at about half the cost for which it is to be had by the consumer in France. In consequence of this high price of sugar the consumption in France is very small, only averaging five pounds yearly to each individual; whereas, in the United States, according to Humboldt, it is eight pounds; in England fourteen; in Hamburgh ten; and in the rest of Germany six. Beet-root sugar can now be manufactured in France as low as threepence per lb., and is likely to be still cheaper.

It is a remarkable indication of the depression of the Protestant church in 3 E

France, ever since the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, that the three missionaries lately sent out from Paris to the Cape of Good Hope, under the care of Dr. Philip, are the first Protestant missionaries who have quitted the French shores since the mission to Brazil under the auspices of Admiral Coligny.

The process of boring for water is practised with great success in Paris. Two sheets of water flow beneath the Paris basin; one between the chalk and the green sand, the other at a greater depth. From the last of these, the water is discharged at St. Ouen to the height of ten or twelve feet.

EGYPT.

M. Champollion writes from Monfalouth, "I went at sunrise to visit these hypogeums, and was agreeably surprised on finding a wonderful series of paintings, perfectly visible, even in the minutest details, on being damped with a sponge, and removing the fine dust which covered them. We set to work, and gradually discovered the most ancient series of paintings in the world, relating to civil life, the arts and trades, and the military caste. The animals are painted with such elegance and truth, that we shall need the testimony of the fourteen witnesses who have seen them, to induce people in Europe to believe in the fidelity of our drawings." This abode among the tombs has produced a portfolio of drawings, which already exceed 300 in number.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. The introduction of Christianity among the Hottentots has improved their character almost to a miracle. Habits of cleanliness and industry have grown up among them. They exercise useful trades: the best forge in the colony belongs to a Hottentot, who has nine apprentices and three English journeymen; and the only asylum in the colony for the sick, the aged, and the poor, was built by Hottentots, and at their expense. We bless God that these deserving men will no longer be the victims of colonial oppression; that the law at least protects them; and we doubt not there will be found just and benevolent persons to see that it is enforced for their benefit

UNITED STATES.

We have frequently adverted to the duties which Christian nations owe to the uncivilized tribes, bordering upon their territories; and we rejoice to believe that this important subject is becoming increasingly the object of attention among Christians in various countries. In re

ference to the proceedings of the United States towards the North-American Indians, and the claims which the latter have to expect their aid, an American Journalist remarks:-" Up to 1820, the United States had purchased of the Indians nearly two million acres of land, for the payment of which congress appropriated about two millions and a half of dollars. Previously toOctober 1819, government has sold eighteen millions five hundred thousand acres, for forty-four millions of dollars. Sales to a very large amount have been made, and I presume, our government has derived a nett gain of forty millions of dollars, besides the political importance of the country. And what gratuities have the Indians received from our government? The sum paid by the treasurer, to the superintendents of the several mission stations, for the promotion of Indian civilization in 1823, was eleven million dollars, and this is probably about the amount annually paid for the last seven years. These facts need no comment; they speak for themselves." There can be doubt that the United States have not by any means discharged the high moral and religious obligations they owe to their Indian neighbours; and in a pecuniary view also, if the debts were taxed on both sides, they owe them much though we would be fairer to our western brethren than are many of their own number, by allowing much for the unsettled state of the country, and the trifling value of land, at the period when many of these wholesale purchases were made. We willingly yield our friends this argument, only let them not abuse it to defend fraud and avarice, or forget the many duties which they owe to their brethren of the forest. They have much both to do and to undo.

At a

A recent traveller mentions finding in Missouri, an isolated German settlement, where these people have preserved their nationality and their language. meeting in the woods, four hundred Germans were present, with not six persons of English descent. They are principally Lutherans. They have fixed themselves on a beautiful stream called the White-water, in the heart of the forest, and have little intercourse with the world. They are anxious for religious instruction, which they greatly need. Almost every farmer has a still, and inebriety abounds. Our traveller was present at a funeral. Among their rites they sang one of Luther's hymns so loudly, that the woods echoed with the mournful strain.

A work recently published in New

York, said to have been written by a gentleman of the bar to whom the stage is indebted for several popular plays, and which will not be suspected of being too religious, gives such an account of the theatre as must surely appal its defenders. We cannot transcribe the gross details of what the writer considers abuses of the theatre, but which from their general prevalence we must call its characteristics. He wishes for taste, genius, and virtue; instead of which he admits we have practically every kind of vice and enormity; so that, as things are," the theatre should be shunned, as a pest-house. What is the life of an actor? drunkenness, debauchery, and dissipation. Who are these men? vagabond strollers, characters of the most desperate description, who have had but one choice, the highway or the stage. Enter into the walls, and behold the passing scene :can any female who hath the least feeling or modesty; nay, can a man, who is not lost to every sense of right and shame, look on without his very soul being harrowed up in disgust and indignation? The de fenders of the stage have plumed themselves, that there have been respectable females who have followed it as a profes. sion. This may be, but the examples are so rare they can scarcely be designated; and the very boast of it discovers how few there are, and the poorness of this defence." The virtuous abhorrence of the NewEngland public to the stage may perhaps have thrown it into the hands of a still more degraded class of persons than in England, but the main features have ever been the same all over the world.

At a late meeting of the New-York City Temperance Society, one of the speakers alluded to various facts in proof

that the use of spirits is not only a useless but a pernicious indulgence. He mentioned the schools in England for training prize-fighters, in whom the perfection of muscular strength and ac tivity is aimed at, and in which ardent spirits are entirely excluded, and even ale is very rarely allowed. In those prisons in which spirits are forbidden, even constitutions broken down by intemperance, are restored to healthfulness and vigour. The Roman soldier, he added, who fought the battles of his country with a weight of armour which a modern spirit-drinker could hardly stand under, drank nothing stronger than vinegar and water; and multitudes of farmers and mechanics, engaged in hard labour of all kinds, and exposed to every change of weather, have made fair trial of the plan of entire abstinence, and with one voice declare themselves gainers by it in every respect. As many as 600 Temperance Societies are already in existence in the United States. In the lower part of MiddlesexCounty, Connecticut, 612 men have agreed since September last, to abstain entirely from distilled liquors. In many places dramdrinking is almost wholly abolished. In one town, where there were last year nine persons who retailed ardent spirits, there is now not one; and more than 1500 vendors and distillers have discontinued all traffic in the poison.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

In the evidence before the House of Commons Emigration Committee, it was stated, that no instance of measles, smallpox, or hooping-cough has ever yet been known in New South Wales; but what is added is quite incredible, that no febrile diseases are known.

THEOLOGY.

Seventeen Sermons. By the Rev. E. G. Marsh. 9s.

The Hope of Israel. By Mrs. Simon. 10s.

The Church in Danger. By the Rev. J. Acaster. 6s.

"Beware." 14s.

Sermons. By the late Rev. A. Gracie, 10s. 6d.

Three Sermons on the Sacraments. By the Rev. W. Harness. 4s. 6d.

The Excellence of the Liturgy, a Sermon. By the Rev. W. Dealtry.

The Attention due to Unfulfilled Prophecies, a Sermon. By the Rev. J. Fletcher.

The Scriptures Fulfilled; Seven Sermons. By the Rev. R. Weaver. 5s.

Sermons. By the Rev. P. Wilson. 9s. Guide to the Instruction of Young Persons in the Holy Scriptures. 3d.

A Select Compilation from Commenta. tors on the Apocalypse. Is. 6d.

Four Dialogues on Infant Baptism. By a Country Clergyman. 4d.

Critical Examination of the Rev. G. S. Faber's Calendar of Prophecy. By W. Cunninghame. 6s.

An Essay on the Conversion of St. Paul. By the Rev. F. Ottey.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Parochial Letters. By a beneficed Clergyman. 8s. 6d.

Memoirs of J. S. Oberlin, Pastor of Waldbach. By a Lady. 10s. 6d.

New Model of Christian Missions, in Four Letters.