land, near the city of Washington, and at Richmond, in Virginia; each of the two last may cast 300 pieces of artillery a-year, and a great number of iron and brass cannon are made at and near the seat of government. Those of Philadelphia, and near the Hudson river, are not Bow employed. It may be here added, that there are several iron founderies for casting every species of work wanted for nachinery, and that steam-engines are made at that of Philadelphia. At the two public armouries of Spring. field and Harper's ferry, 19,000 muskete are annually made. About twenty thousand more are made at several factories, of which the most perfect is said to be that near New Haven, and which, with the exception of that erected at Richmond by the state of Virginia, are all private establishments. These may, if wanted, be immediately enlarged, and do not include a number of gun-smiths employed in making rifles, and several other species of arms. Swords and pistols are also manufactured in several places. Although it is not practicable to make a correct statement of the value of all the iron, and manufactures of iron, annually made in the United States, it is believed to be from twelve to fifteen millions of dollars. The annual importations from all foreign countries, including iron bar, and every description of manufactures of iron or steel, are estimated at near four millions of dal lars. Copper and Brass-Rich copper mines are found in New Jersey, in Virginia, and near Lake Superior; but they are not now wrought. The principal manufactures of that material, are those of stills and other vessels; but the capper in sheets and bolts is almost universally imported; the only manufacture for that object, which is at Boston, not receiving sufficient encouragement, although a capital of 25,000 dollars has been vested in a rolling-mill, and other apparatus. The true reason is, that those articles are imported free of duty; and the owners seem to be principally employed in casting bells, and other ar ticles. Zinc has been lately discovered in Pennsylvania; and there are a few inanufactures of metal buttons, and various brass wares. Manufactures of Lead.-Lead is found in Virginia and some other places, but the richest mines of that metal are found in Upper Louisiana, and also, it is said, in the adjacent country on the east side of the Mississippi. They are not yet wrought to the extent of which they are susceptible; and, after supplying the wes tern country, do not furnish more than two hundred tons annually to the Atdantic states. The annual importations from foreign countries of red and white lead, amount to 1,150 tons. And those of lead it. self, and of all other manufactures of lend, to 1,225 tons. The principal American manufactures are those of shot, and colours of lead. Of the first, there are two establishments on a large scale at Philadelphia, and anether in Louisiana, which are more than sufficient to supply the whole demand, stated at six hundred tons a-year. Five hundred and sixty tons of red and white lead, licharge, and some other preparations of that metal, are made in Phila deiphia alone. A repeal of the duty of one cent per pound ondead, and an equa lization of that on the manufactures of lead, by charging them all with the two cents per pound laid on white and red lead, is asked by the manufacturers. Various other paints and colours are also prepared in Philadelphia and some other places. Tin, japanned, plated Wares.-The manufacture of tin ware is very extensive, and Connecticut supplies the greater part of the United States with that article; but the sheets are always imported. The manufacture of plated ware, principally for coach-makers and sadlers, employs at Philadelphia seventy-three workmen; and the amount annually made there, exceeds one hundred thou sand dollars. There are other similar establishments at New York, Baltimore, Boston, and Charleston. Gun-Powder.-Saltpetre is found in Virginia, Kentucky, and some other of the western states and territories; but it is principally imported from the East Indies. The manufacture of gun-powder is nearly, and may at any moment be made altogether, adequate to the consumption; the importation of foreign powder amounting only to 200,000 pounds, and the exportation of American powder to 100,000 pounds. The manufacture of Brandywine, which employs a capital of 75,000 dollars and 36 workmen, and is considered as the most perfect, makes alone 225,000 pounds annually, and might make 600,000 pounds, if there were a demand for it. Two others, near near Baltimore, have a capital of 100,000 dollars, and make 450,000 pounds of a quality, said lately to be equal to any imported. There are several other powder-mills in Pennsylvania, and other places; but the total amount of gunpowder inade in the United States is not ascertained. Earthen and Glass Ware.-A sufficient quantity of the coarser species of pottery is made every where; and information has been received of four manufactures of a finer kind lately established. One at Philadelphia, with a capital of 11,000 dollars, manufactures a species similar to that made in Staffordshire in England; and the others, in Chester county in Pennsylvania, in New Jersey, and on the Ohio, make various kinds of queen's-ware. Information has been obtained of ten glass manufactures, which employ about 140 glass blowers, and make annually 27,000 boxes of window glass, containing each 100 square feet of glass. That of Boston makes crown glass equal to any imported: all the other make green or German glass, worth 15 per cent. less: that of Pittsburgh uses coal, and all the others, wood for fuel, The annual importations of foreign window glass amounted to 27,000 boxes; the extension of the domestic manufacture, which supplies precisely one-half of the consumption, being prevented by the want of workmen. Some of those manufactures make also green bottles, and other wares; and two works, employing together six glassblowers, have been lately erected at Pittsburgh, and make decanters, tumblers, and every other description of Aint glass, of a superior quality. Chemical Preparations. Copperas is extracted in large quantities from pyrites in Vermont, New Jersey, and Tennessee. About 200,000 pounds of oil of vitriol, and other acids, are annually manufac tured in a single establishment at Phila delphia. Various other preparations and drugs are also made there, and in some other places; and the annual amount exported, exceeds 30,000 dollars in value. Sult. The salt-springs of Onondago and Cayuga in the state of New York, furnish about 300,000 bushels a-year; and the quantity may be increased in proportion to the demand. Those of the western states and territories supply about an equal quantity; that known by the name of the Wabash Saline, which belongs to the United States, making now. 130,000 bushels. Valuable discoveries have also lately been made on the banks of the Kenhawa. But the annual importation of foreign salt amounts to more than three millions of bushels, and cannot be superseded by American salt, unless it be made along the sea-coast. The works in the state of Massachusetts are declining, and cannot proceed unless the duty on foreign salt should again be laid. It is necessary to shelter the works from the heavy summer rains by light roofs moving on rollers. This considerably inercases the expense; and it appears that the erection of ten thousand superficial square feet, costs one thousand dollars, and that they produce only two hundred bushels a-year. A more favourable result is anticipated on the coast of North Carolina, on account sť the difference in the climate; and works, covering 275,000 square feet, have been lately erected there. Miscellaneous.-Respecting the other manufactures enumerated in the former part of this report, no important or correct information has been received, except as relates to the two following: Straw bonnets and hats are made with great success; and a small district in Rhode Island and Massachusetts annually exports to other parts of the Union, to the amount of 250,000 dollars. Several attempts have been made to print calicoes, but it does not seem that the manufactures can, without additional duties, stand the competition of similar foreign articles. The difficulties under which they labour are stated in the petition of the calico-printers of Philadel phia to Congress. A considerable capital has been vested in an establishment near Baltimore, which can print 12 000 yards a-week, and might be considerably extended, if the profits and the demand afforded sufficient encouragement. From this sketch of American manufactures, it may with certainty be inferred that their annual product exceeds one hundred and twenty millions of dollars. And it is not improbable that the raw materials used, and the provisions and other articles consumed, by the manufacturers, create a home market for agricultural products not very inferior to that which arises from foreign demand. A result more favourable than might have been expected from a view of the natu 'ral causes which impede the introduction, and retard the progress, of manufactures in the United States, The The revenue of the United States being principally derived from duties on the importation of foreign merchandize, these have also operated as a premium in favour of American manufactures; whilst, on the other hand, the continuance of peace, and the frugality of government, have rendered unnecessary any oppressive taxes, tending materially to enhance the price of labour, or impeding any species of industry. done in the spirit of fairness, and for the interests of literature, otherwise such writers become mere pests. The practices of anonymous reviewing have been so often and ably exposed, that a recapitulation of the poverty and wretch edness of many of its hirelings, must be quite useless. As I am so fortunate as to meet with two pages of plentiful splashings from one of those wights aforesaid, I have to congratulate myself and the public upon the edification which both they and I shall experience from the same. Perhaps however, this worthy descendant of Bayte can inform me where, in my poems, the following lines can be found. I confess that I cannot find them exactly; but a word or two different, that is all." But a word or two, is not perhaps, in this critic's estimation, of much consequence. The lines to which I allude, stand in my volume, I think, thus: No cause indeed has perhaps more promoted, in every respect, the general prosperity of the United States, than the absence of those systems of internal restrictions and monopoly which continue to disfigure the state of society in other countries. No laws exist here directly or indirectly confining man to a particular occupation or place, or excluding any citizen from any branch he may at any time think proper to pursue. Industry is in every respect perfectly free and unfettered; every species of trade, "Durst interpose one single ray, commerce, art, profession, and manu-Tremendous vollies pour'd, and thander facture, being equally opened to all, without requiring any previous regular apprenticeship, admission, or license. Hence the progress of America has not been confined to the improvement of her agriculture, and to the rapid formation of new settlements and states in the wil. derness, but her citizens have extended their commerce through every part of the globe, and carry on with complete success even those branches for which a monopoly had heretofore been considered essentially necessary. Washington, April 17th, 1810. ALBERT GALLATIN. frown'd." In the critic's quotation, they stand thus: "Durst interpose a single ray, nious the last line becomes, by the ad- Of the greater part of the poems he To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. says nothing: probably he was too much of a reviewer to read them through. However, of Lady Blanche he tells me something new: that "she remained several years at the bottom of the water." Indeed, Mr. Critic! I thought a few weeks only; but you understand my then, sir, the poor Mon hly Magazine writing better than I do myself. And could not escape! My pieces are well enough for that, but for a separate volume, odious! Surely the Monthly Mạgazine cannot be placed in competition with the Eclectic Review, and for this plain reason, because the Monthly Magazine has, in all probability, one hun dred times the number of readers. Oxford, Nov. 1810. PROPERTIUS. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. THIS interesting poet was the con SIR, HAND TAVING of late been accustomed to instruct a few of my friends' children in the usual branches of ed cation necessary to qualify them for trade or commerce, I take the liberty of making the following enquiries through the medium of your useful miscellany, on a subject of the highest importance to so ciety and the rising generation, and worthy the particular attention of every schoolmaster in the kingdom. Several of the pupils now under my care, have impediments in their speech, yet I conceive they have no defect in the organs of speech; but that through neglect and ill habit, they do not pronounce the proper soouds of various letters in our language, but substitute other sounds in their places, viz. T for S, in same, yes, is; pronounced tame, yet, it. T for C soft, in lace, face, cite; pronounced late, fate, tite. for C hard, in cake, came, acts; pronounced tale, tame, ats. Tfor X, in axe, tax, flax; pronounced at, cat, flat. D for G, in God, good, beg; pronounced dod, dond, bed. D for J, in join, James, joy; pronounced doin, dames, day. D for 7, in zeal, maze, buz; pronounced deal, made, bud. F for Th, in thro', three, throng; pronounced fro', free, frong. for L, in lay, yine, yet. for R, in rise, rain, rate; pronounced yise, yain, yate. W for V, in vine, live, very; pronounced avine, lizu, wery. line, let; pronounced yay, I could like to know why some parents object to have their children's impediments removed by the assistance of art? And also, what are the most expeditious and effectual methods whereby lingual de temporary of Catullus, and follows him closely both in merit and fame. He was born in that part of Umbria which borders nearest upon Etruria; this is sufficiently attested by his elegies; but to which of the towns of Umbria we are to attribute his birth, is not so clear. After all the controversies and discor dant opinious of his numerous biogra phers and commentators, the point is still doubtful and undecided. The subject is too intricate, and perhaps of too little moment, to make it necessary for us to enter into its discussion. The nomen and cognomen of Aurelius, prove the high respectability of his birth. The Aurelian family at Rome was once plebeian, if we look back to that period when Romulus, and some other Roman kings, distinguished the patricians from the rest of the people. But it was afterwards ennobled by many curule magis trates. Historians have divided this family into the three branches of the Cotte, the Orestes, and the Scauri; each of which produced characters who held, and honourably maintained, the first dignities of the republic. These senatorial families, however, have little to do with our Propertius, who was an enfranchised knight. He never acquired any honours, nor does be appear to have courted them. He was the sport of fortune, as he tells his patron Tullus, To Cynthiat he says, that he boasts no noble blood, no triumphs of his ances tors. Yet we are not to conclude from hence that his family was obscure, or his rank in life low and mean. We may conjecture that both were respectable, without adopting the idea of Servius, that his race was so illustrious that he could claim a descent from the ancient kings of Etruria. Silius Italicus has asserted the same of Ennius; but the documents that might have proved these illustrious descents, have long since perished. Whatever was his birth, it took place A.U.C. 696, during the consulship of L. Calpurnius Piso and A. Gabinius. In very early life he lost his father, who, siding with Lucius Antonius, was made prisoner and slain by the command of Augustus, at the altar of Cæsar. The paternal estate was confiscated, like that of many others in that unhappy period, when, after the Philippine war, all the Italian spoil was divided among the veteran soldiers of Augustus. Soon after the death of his father, he lost his mother, under whose tutelage he received his education. Thus left to himself, he assumed the toga virilis somewhat earlier than usual; and even at that age, the very opening of active life, he resigned himself wholly to poetic indolence, despising equally the tumult of the forum, and the clamour of the pleaders. But this indofence of disposition, which rendered him unfit for the duties of any public station, did not prevent him from becoming conspicuous for learning and a talent for poetry. These procured him the patronage of Mecanas, near to whose gardens in the Esquiline part of the city, Propertius resided. He also numbered among his Friends Ovid, Tibullus, Bassus, and Ponticus, who were contemporary bards with him; and to their judgment he submitted his productions before he ventured to make them public. It has been thought extraordinary that Propertius never mentions Horace, nor Horace Propertius, in any part of their respective works. They lived at the same time, must have frequently met in the palace of Augustus, and were alike distinguished by that munificent encourager of every art. Yet in neither is there any expression which betrays kindness, or even knowledge, of the other. This is the more singular, as Propertius is frequently mentioned by Ovid in terms of high admiration and esteem. It may be surmised that the poets who flourished under the patronage of their imperial Ennius antiqua Messapi ab origine regis. So says Vulpius; but, according to the best chronological tables, P. Cornelius Lentulus and Q. Cæcilius Metellus, were consuls ia 696. master, however eager to join with equal servility in his praise, were by no means so weil disposed to compliment eacts other. The old saying of Hesiod p xp was probably verified in that lite rary circle, as well as so many others of more modern date. So jealous and envious were they of the merit and reputation of others, that they rarely cite the names of their contemporaries in terms of friendship or real esteem. Virgil alone, in whose disposition the molle atque facetum uniformly prevailed, conciliated the affection, and exacted the applause, of all. His merit, and the grandeur of his work, set all competition at a distance, and silenced every murmur; while the uncommon sweetness of his temper was irresistibly attractive. Even from the gay, the polite, the careless, Horace, the sparks of envy would sometimes be elicited. He is suspected of alluding to Propertius in his description of the talkative intruder, whom he lashes with so much severity and spleen in the 9th Sat. He describes this impertinent as expert at poetry, and studious of his person. Propertius appears to answer this description when, in his 4th elegy, he acknowledges himself to be extremely nice in his dress: Necquicquam perfusa meis unguenta capillis: Ibat et expenso planta morata gradu. † Other features in the same character, would appear to bear the same allusion Horace does not name Propertius with to our poet. It is observable, too, thas the other poets whom he wishes to please. On the contrary, he seems to be intended by the Simius in the same satire, who, with Hermogenes, is accused of delighting only in the wanton lays of Calvus and Catullus. These conjectures Vulpius endeavours to strengthen by various passages from the poet of Venusium.§ The mistress of an amatory poet is too important a personage to be suffered to pass unnoticed. The favourite of Prowhom he disguises under the name of pertius was Hostia, a lady of high rank, Cynthia. If we may credit the assertion of her lover, she was gifted with every did she even abstain from a sacred internatural and acquired endowment; nor |