pired with Louis XIV., that ostentatious tyrant, who had for above half a century sacrificed the repose of Christendom to his insatiate vanity and ambition. At his death, which happened on the first day of September, the regency of the kingdom devolved to the duke of Orleans, who adopted a new system of politics, and had already entered into engagements with the king of Great Britain. Instead of assisting the pretender, he amused his agents with mysterious and equivocal expressions, calculated to frustrate the design of the expedition. Nevertheless, the more violent part of the jacobites in Great Britain believed he was at bottom a friend to their cause, and depended upon him for succour. They even extorted from him a sum of money by dint of importunities, and some arms; but the vessel was shipwrecked, and the cargo lost upon the coast of Scotland.

THE EARL OF MAR SETS UP THE PRETEN-
DER'S STANDARD.

being examined before the council, was dismissed for want of evidence: Mr. Kynaston absconded; sir William Wyndham was seized at his own house in Somersetshire, by colonel Huske and a messenger, who secured his papers: he found means, however, to escape from them; but afterwards surrendered himself: and, having been examined at the council-board, was committed to the Tower. His father-in-law, the duke of Somerset, offered to become bound for his appearance; and being rejected as bail, expressed his resentment so warmly that the king thought proper to remove him from the office of master of the horse. On the twenty-first day of September, the king went to the house of lords and passed the bills that were ready for the royal assent. Then the chancellor read his majesty's speech, expressing his acknowledgment and satisfaction, in consequence of the uncommon marks of their affection he had received; and the parliament adjourned to the sixth day of October.

The friends of the house of Stuart were very numerous in the western counties, and began to make preparations for an insurrection. They had concealed some The partisans of the pretender had proceeded too far arms and artillery at Bath, and formed a design to surto retreat with safety, and therefore resolved to try their prise Bristol; but they were betrayed and discovered by fortune in the field. The earl of Mar repaired to the the emissaries of the government, which baffled all their Highlands, where he held consultations with the mar- schemes, and apprehended every person of consequence quisses of Huntley and Tullibardine, the earls Marischal suspected of attachment to that cause. The university and Southesk, the generals Hamilton and Gordon, with of Oxford felt the rod of power on that occasion. Majorthe chiefs of the jacobite clans. Then he assembled general Pepper, with a strong detachment of dragoons, three hundred of his own vassals, proclaimed the pre- took possession of the city at day-break, declaring he tender at Castletown, and set up his standard at Brae- would use military execution on all students who should Mar, on the sixth day of September. By this time the presume to appear without the limits of their respective earls of Home, Winton, and Kinnoul, lord Deskford, colleges. He seized ten or eleven persons, among whom and Lockhart of Carnwath, with other persons suspected was one Lloyd, a coffee-man; and made prize of some of disaffection to the present government, were com- horses and furniture belonging to colonel Owen and mitted prisoners to the castle of Edinburgh; and major- other gentlemen. With this booty he retreated to Abinggeneral Whetham marched with the regular troops which don; and Handasyde's regiment of foot was afterwards were in that kingdom to secure the bridge at Stirling. quartered in Oxford to overawe the university. The Before these precautions were taken, two vessels had ministry found it more difficult to suppress the insurarrived at Arbroath from Havre, with arms, ammuni- gents in the northern counties. In the month of Octotion, and a great number of officers, who assured the earl|ber the earl of Derwentwater and Mr. Forster took the of Mar that the pretender would soon be with them in field with a body of horse, and being joined by some person. The death of Louis the XIV. struck a general gentlemen from the borders of Scotland, proclaimed the damp upon their spirits; but they laid their account pretender in Warkworth, Morpeth, and Alnwick. The with being joined by a powerful body in England. The first design was to seize the town of Newcastle, in which earl of Mar, by letters and messages, pressed the cheva- they had many friends; but they found the gates shut lier to come over without further delay. He, in the upon them, and retired to Hexham; while general Carmeantime, assumed the title of lieutenant-general of the penter having assembled a body of dragoons, resolved to pretender's forces, and published a declaration, exhort- march from Newcastle and attack them before they ing the people to take arms for their lawful sovereign. should be reinforced. The rebels retiring northward to This was followed by a shrewd manifesto, explaining Woller, were joined by two hundred Scottish horse under the national grievances, and assuring the people of re- the lord viscount Kenmuir, and the earls of Carnwath dress. Some of his partisans attempted to surprise the and Winton, who had set up the pretender's standard at Castle of Edinburgh; but were prevented by the vigi- Moffat, and proclaimed him in different parts of Scotlance and activity of colonel Stuart, lieutenant-governor land. The rebels thus reinforced advanced to Kelso, of that fortress. The duke of Argyle set out for Scot- having received advice that they would be joined by land, as commander-in-chief of the forces in North Mackintosh, who had crossed the Forth with a body of Britain: the earl of Sutherland set sail in the Queen- Highlanders. borough ship-of-war for the North, where he proposed to raise his vassals for the service of government; and many other Scottish peers returned to their own country in order to signalize their loyalty to king George.

MACKINTOSH JOINS THE ENGLISH INSUR

GENTS.

In England the practices of the jacobites did not By this time the earl of Mar was at the head of ten escape the notice of the ministry. Lieutenant-colonel Chousand men well armed. He had secured the pass of Paul was imprisoned in the gate-house for enlisting men the Jay at Perth, where his head-quarters were estabin the service of the pretender. The titular duke of lished, and made himself master of the whole fruitful Powis was committed to the Tower; lords Lansdowne province of Fife, and all the sea-coast on that side of the and Duplin were taken into custody; and a warrant was Frith of Edinburgh. He selected two thousand five issued for apprehending the earl of Jersey. The king hundred men, commanded by brigadier Mackintosh, to desired the consent of the lower house to seize and de- make a descent upon the Lothian side, and join the tain sir William Wyndham, sir John Packington, Mr. | jacobites in that county, or such as should take arms on Edward Harvey of Combe, Mr. Thos. Forster, Mr. John Anstis, and Mr. Corbet Kynaston, who were members of the house, and suspected of favouring the invasion. The commons unanimously agreed to the proposal, and presented an address signifying their approbation. Harvey and Anstis were immediately secured. Forster, with the assistance of some popish lords, assembled a body of men in Northumberland; sir John Packington

the borders of England. Boats were assembled for this purpose; and notwithstanding all the precautions that could be taken by the king's ships in the Frith to prevent the design, about fifteen hundred chosen men made good their passage in the night, and landed on the coast of Lothian, having crossed an arm of the sea about sixteen miles broad, in open boats that passed through the midst of the king's cruisers. Nothing could be better

concerted, or executed with more conduct and courage, than was this hazardous enterprise. They amused the king's ships with marches and counter-marches along the coast, in such a manner that they could not possibly know where they intended to embark. The earl of Mar, in the meantime, marched from Perth to Dumblane as if he had intended to cross the Forth at Stirling bridge; but his real design was to divert the duke of Argyle from attacking his detachment which had landed in Lothian. So far the scheme succeeded. The duke, who had assembled some troops in Lothian, returned to Stirling with the utmost expedition, after having secured Edin-prisoned at Chester and Liverpool, the noblemen and burgh and obliged Mackintosh to abandon his design on that city. This partisan had actually taken possession of Leith, from whence he retired to Seaton-house, near Prestonpans, which he fortified in such a manner that he could not be forced without artillery. Here he remained until he received an order across the Frith from the earl of Mar to join lord Kenmuir and the English at Kelso, for which place he immediately began his march, and reached it on the twenty-second day of October, though a good number of his men had deserted on the

which sir John Mackenzie was driven by Simon Fraser, Perth; and then began his march to Aberbrothick, in lord Lovat, who, contrary to the principles he hitherto pursuit of the enemy. The chevalier de St. George professed, secured this important post for the govern- being thus hotly pursued, was prevailed upon to embark ment; by which means a free communication was opened on board a small French ship that lay in the harbour of with the north of Scotland, where the carl of Sutherland Montrose. He was accompanied by the earls of Mar had raised a considerable body of vassals. The marquis and Melfort, the lord Drummond, lieutenant-general of Huntley and the earl of Seaforth were obliged to quit | Bulkley, and other persons of distinction, to the numthe rebel army, in order to defend their own territories; ber of seventeen. In order to avoid the English cruisers, and in a little time submitted to king George: a good they stretched over to Norway, and coasting along the number of the Frasers declared with their chief against German and Dutch shores, arrived in five days at Gravethe pretender: the marquis of Tullibardine withdrew line. General Gordon, whom the pretender had left comfrom the army to cover his own country; and the clans, mander-in-chief of the forces, assisted by the earl Marseeing no likelihood of another action, began to disperse | ischal, proceeded with them to Aberdeen, where he scaccording to custom. cured three vessels to sail northward, and take on board the persons who intended to make their escape to the continent. Then they continued their march through Strathspey and Strathdown, to the hills of Badenoch, where the common people were quietly dismissed. This retreat was made with such expedition, that the duke of Argyle, with all his activity, could never overtake their rear-guard, which consisted of a thousand horse commanded by the earl Marischal. Such was the issue of a rebellion that proved fatal to many noble families; a rebellion which in all probability would never have happened, had not the violent measures of a whig minis. try kindled such a flame of discontent in the nation, as encouraged the partisans of the pretender to hazard a revolt.

THE PRETENDER ARRIVES IN SCOTLAND.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IRISH PARLIAMENT.

The government was now in a condition to send strong reinforcements to Scotland. Six thousand men that were claimed of the states-general, by virtue of the treaty, landed in England, and began their march for Edinburgh: general Cadogan set out for the same place, together with brigadier Petit, and six other engineers; and a train of artillery was shipped at the Tower for that country, the duke of Argyle resolving to drive the earl of Mar out of Perth, to which town he retired with the remains of his forces. The pretender having been amused with the hope of seeing the whole kingdom of England rise up as one man in his behalf; and the duke of Ormond having made a fruitless voyage to the western coast, to try the disposition of the people, he was now convinced of the vanity of his expectation in that quarter; and, The parliament of Ireland, which met at Dublin on as he knew not what other course to take, he resolved the twelfth day of November, seemed even more zealous, to hazard his person among his friends in Scotland, at if possible, than that of England, for the present admina time when his affairs in that kingdom were abso-istration. They passed bills for recognizing the king's lutely desperate. From Bretagne he posted through title; for the security of his person and government; for part of France in disguise, and embarking in a small setting a price on the pretender's head; and for attainvessel at Dunkirk, hired for that purpose, arrived on the ting the duke of Ormond. They granted the supplies twenty-second day of December at Peterhead with six without opposition. All those who had addressed the late gentlemen in his retinue, one of whom was the marquis queen in favour of sir Constantine Phipps, then lord of Tynemouth, son to the duke of Berwick. He passed chancellor of Ireland, were now brought upon their through Aberdeen incognito, to Fetterosse, where he was knees, and censured as guilty of a breach of privilege. met by the earls of Mar and Marischal, and about thirty They desired the lords-justices would issue a proclamanoblemen and gentlemen of the first quality. Here he tion against the popish inhabitants of Limerick and Galwas solemnly proclaimed: his declaration, dated at Com- way, who, presuming upon the capitulation signed by mercy, was printed and circulated through all the parts king William, claimed an exemption from the penalties in that neighbourhood; and he received addresses from imposed upon other papists. They engaged in an assothe episcopal clergy, and the laity of that communion in ciation against the pretender, and all his abettors. They the diocese of Aberdeen. On the fifth day of January he voted the earl of Anglesea an enemy to the king and made his public entry into Dundee; and on the seventh kingdom, because he advised the queen to break the arrived at Scone, where he seemed determined to stay army, and prorogue the late parliament; and they addresuntil the ceremony of his coronation should be performed. sed the king to remove hire from his council and service. From thence he made an excursion to Perth, where he re- The lords-justices granted orders for apprehending the viewed his forces. Then he formed a regular council; and earls of Antrim and Westmeath, the lords Natterville, published six proclamations: one for a general thanks- Cahir, and Dillon, as persons suspected of disaffection to giving on account of his safe arrival; another enjoining the government. Then they adjourned the two houses. the ministers to pray for him in the churches; a third establishing the currency of foreign coins; a fourth summoning the meeting of the convention of estates; a fifth ordering all sensible men to repair to his standard; and a sixth, fixing the twenty-third day of January for his coronation. He made a pathetic speech in a grand council, at which all the chiefs of his party assisted. They determined, however, to abandon the enterprise, as the king's army was reinforced by the Dutch auxiliaries, and they themselves were not only reduced to a small number, but likewise destitute of money, arms, ammunition, forage, and provision; for the duke of Argyle had taken possession of Burntisland, and transported a detachment to Fife, so as to cut off Mar's communication with that fertile country.

Notwithstanding the severity of the weather, and a prodigious fall of snow which rendered the roads almost impassable, the duke, on the twenty-ninth of January began his march for Dumblane, and next day reached Tullibardine, where he received intelligence that the pretender and his forces had, on the preceding day, retired towards Dundee. He forthwith took possession of

THE REBEL LORDS ARE IMPEACHED.

The king in his speech to the English parliament, which met on the ninth of January, told them he had reason to believe the pretender was landed in Scotland; he congratulated them on the success of his arms in suppressing the rebellion; on the conclusion of the barriertreaty between the emperor and the states-general, under his guarantee; on a convention with Spain that would deliver the trade of England to that kingdom, from the new impositions and hardships to which it was subjected in consequence of the late treaties. He likewise gave them to understand, that a treaty for renewing all former alliances between the crown of Great Britain and the states-general was almost concluded; and he assured the commons he would freely give up all the estates that should become forfeited to the crown by this rebellion, to be applied towards defraying the extraordinary expense incurred on this occasion. The commons, in their address of thanks, declared that they would prosecute, in the most vigorous and impartial

manner, the authors of those destructive councils which had drawn down such miseries upon the nation. Their resolutions were speedy, and exactly conformable to this declaration. They expelled Mr. Forster from the house. They forthwith impeached the earls of Derwentwater, Nithsdale, Carnwath, and Winton; lords Widdrington, Kenmuir, and Nairn. These noblemen being brought to the bar of the house of lords, heard the articles of impeachment read on the tenth day of January, and were ordered to put in their answers on the sixteenth. The impeachments being lodged, the lower house ordered a bill to be brought in for continuing the suspension of the habeas-corpus act; then they prepared another to attaint the marquis of Tullibardine, the earls of Mar and Linlithgow, and lord John Drummond. On the twentyfirst day of January, the king gave the royal assent to the bill for continuing the suspension of the habeas-corpus act. He told the parliament that the pretender was actually in Scotland heading the rebellion, and assuming the style and title of king of these realms; he demanded of the commons such supply as might discourage any foreign power from assisting the rebels. On Thursday the nineteenth day of January, all the impeached lords pleaded guilty to the articles exhibited against them, except the earl of Winton, who petitioned for a longer time on various pretences. The rest received sentence of death on the ninth day of February, in the court erected in Westminster-hall, where the lord-chancellor Cowper presided as lord high-steward on that occasion. The countess of Nithsdale and lady Nairn threw themselves at the king's feet, as he passed through the apartments of the palace, and implored his mercy in behalf of their husbands; but their tears and entreaties produced no effect. The council resolved that the sentence should be executed, and orders were given for that purpose to the lieutenant of the Tower, and the sheriffs of London and Middlesex.

to him by his own mother. On the twenty-fourth day of February, Derwentwater and Kenmuir were beheaded on Tower-hill. The former was an amiable youth, brave, open, generous, hospitable, and humane. His fate drew tears from the spectators, and was a great misfortune to the country in which he lived. He gave bread to multitudes of people whom he employed on his estate; the poor, the widow, and the orphan rejoiced in his bounty. Kenmuir was a virtuous nobleman, calm, sensible, resolute, and resigned. He was a devout member of the English church; but the other died in the faith of Rome: both adhered to their political principles. On the fifteenth day of March, Winton was brought to trial, and being convicted, received sentence of death.

TRIALS OF REBELS. 1716.

When the king passed the land-tax bill, which was ushered in with a very extraordinary preamble, he informed both houses of the pretender's flight from Scotland. In the beginning of April a commission for trying the rebels met in the court of common-pleas, when bills of high treason were found against Mr. Forster, Mackintosh, and twenty of their confederates. Forster escaped from Newgate, and reached the continent in safety; the rest pleaded not guilty, and were indulged with time to prepare for their trials. The judges appointed to try the rebels at Liverpool, found a considerable number guilty of high treason. Two-and-twenty were executed at Preston and Manchester; about a thousand prisoners submitted to the king's mercy, and petitioned for transportation. Pitts, the keeper of Newgate, being suspected of having connived at Forster's escape, was tried for his life at the Old-Bailey, and acquitted. Notwithstanding this prosecution, which ought to have redoubled the vigilance of the jailors, brigadier Mackintosh, and several other prisoners, broke from Newgate, after having mastered the keeper and turn

EARL OF DERWENTWATER AND LORD KEN- key, and disarmed the sentinel. The court proceeded

MUIR ARE BEHEADED.

with the trials of those that remained, and a great number were found guilty; four or five were hanged, drawn, and quartered, at Tyburn; and among these was one William Paul, a clergyman, who, in his last speech, professed himself a true and sincere member of the church of England, but not of the revolution schismatical church, whose bishops had abandoned the king, and shamefully given up their ecclesiastical rights, by submitting to the unlawful, invalid, lay-deprivations authorized by the prince of Orange.

ACT FOR SEPTENNIAL PARLIAMENTS.

Though the rebellion was extinguished, the flame of national dissatisfaction still continued to rage: the seve rities exercised against the rebels increased the general discontent; for now the danger was blown over, their

The countess of Derwentwater, with her sister, accompanied by the duchesses of Cleveland and Bolton, and several other ladies of the first distinction, was introduced by the dukes of Richmond and St. Alban's into the king's bed-chamber, where she invoked his majesty's clemency for her unfortunate consort. She afterwards repaired to the lobby of the house of peers, attended by the ladies of the other condemned lords, and above twenty others of the same quality, and begged the intercession of the house; but no regard was paid to their petition. Next day they petitioned both houses of parliament. The commons rejected their suit. In the upper house, the duke of Richmond delivered a petition from the earl of Derwentwater, to whom he was nearly related, at the same time declaring that he himself should oppose his solicitation. The earl of Derby ex-humane passions began to prevail. The courage and pressed some compassion for the numerous family of lord Nairn. Petitions from the rest were presented by other lords, moved with pity and humanity. Lord Townshend and others vehemently opposed their being read. The earl of Nottingham thought this indulgence might be granted; the house assented to his opinion, and agreed to an address, praying his majesty would reprieve such of the condemned lords as should seem to deserve his mercy. To this petition the king answered, that on this and all other occasions, he would do what he thought most consistent with the dignity of his crown and the safety of his people. The earl of Nottingham, president of the council, his brother the earl of Aylesbury, chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, his son lord Finch, one of the lords of the treasury, his kinsman lord Guernsey, master of the jewel-office, were altogether dismissed from his majesty's service. Orders were despatched for executing the earls of Derwentwater and Nithsdale, and the viscount of Kenmuir, immediately; the others were respited to the seventh day of March. Nithsdale made his escape in woman's apparel, furnished and conveyed

fortitude with which the condemned persons encoun-
tered the pains of death in its most dreadful form, pre-
possessed many spectators in favour of the cause by
which those unhappy victims were animated. In a
word, persecution, as usual, extended the heresy. The
ministry, perceiving this universal dissatisfaction, and
dreading the revolution of a new parliament, which
might wrest the power from their faction, and retort
upon them the violence of their own measures, formed
a resolution equally odious and effectual to establish
their administration. This was no other than a scheme
to repeal the triennial act, and by a new law to extend
the term of parliaments to seven years.
day of April, the duke of Devonshire represented, in the
house of lords, that triennial elections served to keep up
party divisions; to raise and foment feuds in private
families; to produce ruinous expenses, and give occa-
sion to the cabals and intrigues of foreign princes; that
it became the wisdom of such an august assembly to
apply proper remedies to an evil that might be attended
with the most dangerous consequences, especially in the

On the tenth

stances of mercy he had shown served only to encourage the faction of the pretender, whose partisans acted with such insolence and folly, as if they intended to convince the world that they were not to be reclaimed by gentle methods. He intimated his purpose of visiting his dominions in Germany; and gave them to understand. that he had constituted his beloved son, the prince of Wales, guardian of the kingdom in his absence. About this period general Macartney, who had returned to England at the accession of king George, presented himself to trial for the murder of the duke of Hamilton. The deposition of colonel Hamilton was contradicted by two park-keepers; the general was acquitted of the charge, restored to his rank in the army, and gratified with the command of a regiment. The king's brother, prince Ernest, bishop of Osnabruck, was created duke of York and Albany, and earl of Ulster. The duke of Argyle, and his brother the earl of Ilay, to whom his majesty owed, in a great measure, his peaceable accession to the throne, as well as the extinction of the rebellion in Scotland, were now dismissed from all their employments. General Carpenter succeeded the duke in the chief command of the forces in North Britain, and in the government of Port Mahon; and the duke of Montrose was appointed lord-register of Scotland in the room of the earl of Ilay.

present temper of the nation, as the spirit of rebellion | in which, however, he observed, that the numerous in. still remained unconquered. He therefore proposed a bill for enlarging the continuance of parliaments. He was seconded by the earls of Dorset and Rockingham, the duke of Argyle, Lord Townshend, and the other chiefs of that party. The motion was opposed by the earls of Nottingham, Abingdon, and Paulet. They observed, that frequent parliaments were required by the fundamental constitution of the kingdom, ascertained in the practice of many ages; that the members of the lower house were chosen by the body of the nation, for a certain term of years, at the expiration of which they could be no longer representatives of the people, who, by the parliament's protracting its own authority, would be deprived of the only remedy which they have against those who, through ignorance or corruption, betrayed the trust reposed in them; that the reasons in favour of such a bill were weak and frivolous; that, with respect to foreign alliances, no prince or state could reasonably depend upon a people to defend their liberties and interests, who should be thought to have given up so great a part of their own; nor would it be prudent in them to wish for a change in that constitution under which Europe had of late been so powerfully supported; on the contrary, they might be deterred from entering into any engagements with Great Britain, when informed by the preamble of the bill, that the popish faction was so dangerous as to threaten destruction to the government; they would apprehend that the administration was so weak as to want so extraordinary a provision for its safety; that the gentlemen of Britain were not to be trusted; and that the good affections of the people were restrained within the limits of the house of commons. They affirmed that this bill, far from preventing the expense of elections, would rather increase it, and encourage every species of corruption; for the value of a seat would always be in proportion to the duration of a parliament, and the purchase would rise accordingly; that a long parliament would yield a greater temptation, as well as a better opportunity to a vicious ministry, to corrupt the members, than they could possibly have when the parliaments were short and frequent; that the same reasons urged for passing the bill to continue this parliament for seven years, would be at least as strong, and, by the conduct of the ministry, might be made much stronger before the end of that term, for continuing and even perpetuating their legislative power, to the absolute subversion of the third estate of the realm. These arguments served only to form a decent debate, after which the bill for septennial parliaments passed by a great majority, though twenty peers entered a proIt met with the same fate in the lower house, where many strong objections were stated to no purpose. They were represented as the effects of party spleen; and, indeed, this was the great spring of action on both sides. The question for the bill was carried in the affirmative; and in a little time it received the royal sanction.

test.

DUKE OF ARGYLE DISGRACED.

The rebellion being utterly quelled, and all the suspected persons of consequence detained in safe custody, the king resolved to visit his German dominions, where he foresaw a storm gathering from the quarter of Sweden. Charles XII. was extremely exasperated against the elector of Hanover, for having entered into the confederacy against him in his absence, particularly for his having purchased the duchies of Bremen and Verden, which constituted part of his dominions; and he breathed nothing but revenge against the king of Great Britain. It was with a view to avert this danger, or prepare against it, that the king now determined upon a voyage to the continent. But as he was restricted from leaving his British dominions by the act for the further limitation of the crown, this clause was repealed in a new bill that passed through both houses without the least difficulty. On the twenty-sixth day of June, the king closed the session with a speech upon the usual topics. VOL. II.

THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE.

On the seventh day of July, the king embarked at Gravesend, landed on the ninth in Holland, through which he passed incognito to Hanover, and from thence set out for Pyrmont. His aim was to secure his German dominions from the Swede, and Great Britain from the pretender. These two princes had already begun to form a design, in conjunction, of invading his kingdom. He knew the duke of Orleans was resolved to ascend the throne of France, in case the young king, who was a sickly child, should die without male issue. The regent was not ignorant that Philip of Spain would powerfully contest that succession, notwithstanding his renunciation; and he was glad of an opportunity to strengthen his interest by an alliance with the maritime powers of England and Holland. The king of England sounded him on this subject, and found him eager to engage in such an association. The negotiation was carried on by general Cadogan for England, the abbé du Bois for France, and the pensionary Heinsius for the states-general. The regent readily complied with all their demands. He engaged that the pretender should immediately depart from Avignon to the other side of the Alps, and never return to Lorraine or France on any pretence whatsoever; that no rebellious subjects of Great Britain should be allowed to reside in that kingdom; and that the treaty of Utrecht, with respect to the demolition of Dunkirk, should be fully executed to the satisfaction of his Britannic majesty. The treaty contained a mutual guarantee of all the places possessed by the contracting powers; of the protestant succession on the throne of England, as well as of that of the duke of Orleans to the crown of France, and a defensive alliance, stipulating the proportion of ships and forces to be furnished to that power which should be disturbed at home or invaded from abroad. The English people murmured at this treaty. They said an unnecessary umbrage was given to Spain, with which the nation had great commercial connexions; and that on pretence of an invasion, a body of foreign troops might be introduced to enslave the kingdom.

COUNT GYLLENBURGH ARRESTED.

His majesty was not so successful in his endeavours to appease the king of Sweden, who refused to listen to any overtures until Bremen and Verden should be restored. These the elector of Hanover resolved to keep as a fair purchase; and he engaged in a confederacy 2 D