Similar percentages have been ascertained for the number of survivals out of each 1,000 entering high school. On this basis it is found that 406 will graduate from high school, 210 will enter college, and 68 will complete a college course. Similarly it is found that for each 1,000 entering college 416 will become seniors and 322 will graduate. Since a large percentage of seniors in college left in 1918 to answer war demands, it is highly probable that under normal conditions a much larger percentage of seniors graduate than is here indicated, viz, only 77.4 per cent. This graph is especially significant since it shows the retentive power of our school system through the elementary, secondary, and higher grades. It should also be remembered that these college and university survival percentages do not represent special students or students enrolled in professional departments. Had it been possible to classify these students by years the survival percentages would have been considerably higher. All graduate students, in either graduate or professional departments, should not be included in this diagram, as they have previously passed beyond the limit represented in the graph. A decided drop occurs for the country as a whole between the eighth grade and first-year high school. As shown in the chapter on city school systems, this drop is not so pronounced in cities, where each child completing the elementary school work has an opportunity to attend high school. The loss between high school and college is also very pronounced, as best shown by the tops of the double-hatched bars in the diagram. Almost 30 per cent of the students enrolled in the first year of college do not enter the second year. The losses depicted from grade to grade in this diagram are sufficient to give concern to school administrators in all types of schools. There seems to be no measurable loss between the first grade and the fifth. Compulsory attendance laws are undoubtedly largely responsible for this condition. LIBRARIES. It is of interest to note the increasing size of college and university libraries, as outlined in figure 12. In 1890 the average size of the library was a little less than 7,000 volumes per institution. In 1918 the average number of volumes in the library had increased to almost 42,000. Within this period the increase was fivefold. The average size of libraries is not so significant, however, as a distribution of institutions according to library facilities. This distribution is exhibited in figure 13. It will be observed that 258 institutions do not have so many as 10,000 volumes in their libraries. More than one-third of the libraries fall in this group. In the second group it is found that 142 libraries have from 10,000 to 19,999 volumes. By adding these two groups it is found that 400 libraries do not have so many as 20,000 volumes. Altogether, 517 college and 30.000 AVERAGE NUMBER OF VOLUMES IN THE LIBRARY PER INSTITUTION. 10,000 1890 20,000 university libraries, or almost 77 per cent of the total number of institutions, have smaller libraries than the average previously shown viz, 41,563. This asymmetrical distribution is caused by the fact that a few institutions have exceptionally large libraries. Thus 15 institutions have libraries with 210,000 volumes or over as follows: 223,470; 250,000; 253,000; 289,110; 298,856; 376,353; 410,573; 410,722; 451,000; 545,890; 557,931; 711,416; 1,100,000; and 40,000 50,000 FIG. 12. The average size of college and university libraries, 1890-1918. 1,241,500. The names of the institutions with these large libraries can be ascertained from the detailed tables. The largest library has about as many volumes as the 258 institutions having the smallest libraries. The total number of volumes in all libraries in 1918 was 23,025,736. ENDOWMENT. A distribution of universities, colleges, and professional schools according to the total value of endowment funds is shown in figure 14. From this diagram it is seen that 214 institutions did not report the 15599°-21- -3 amount of endowment fund. The second bar represents 58 institutions having small endowment funds not exceeding $50,000. At the other end of the figure it will be observed that 90 institutions have endowment funds exceeding $1,000,000. In Table 1 the total value Number of institutions. 200 190 260 250 240 230 220 210 ៩ ៖ ៖ ៖ ៖ ៖ ៖ ៖ ៖ ៩៩៩ ៩៩៩៩៖៖៖៖៖៖៖៖៖ 110 100 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 20,000- 29,999 30,000-39,999 60,000- 69,999 70,000- 79,999 90,000- 99,999 100,000-109,999 160,000-169,999 210,000- OVER Volumes in libraries. FIG. 13.-Distribution of 672 universities, colleges, and professional schools, according to the number of volumes in the library, 1917-18. of endowment funds for each biennium since 1890 is shown. The amount of these productive funds in 1890 was only $76,680,076, while in 1918 it was $481,085,952. The increase in the amount of endowment funds has been more than quintupled within this 28-year period. The amount of productive funds and the number of volumes in the libraries have increased at about the same rate. A better measure as to the increase in endowment funds is found in the average value of such funds for each student enrolled. In 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 50,000 100,001- 150,000 150,001- 200,000 200,001- 250,000. 400.001- 450,000 FIG. 14.-Distribution of universities, colleges, and professional schools according to the value of endow ment funds, 1917-18. 1890 this average was only $490 per student, while in 1918 it had increased to $1,282 per student. The increase per student has been only 162 per cent, or a little over 2 times as much per capita as it was in 1890. It is doubtful if this per capita increase in endowment 5 564 OLLARS). has kept pace with the necessarily increasing cost of giving students a college education. This statement is further supported by the fact presented in figure 18 where it is shown that the percentage of income derived from this source has decreased almost steadily within the ast 28 years. 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 AKOUHT PER STUDENT AMOUNT OF PRODUCTIVE FUNDS PER STUDENT. FIG. 15.-Income (excluding additions to endowment) and productive funds in universities, colleges, and technological schools, 1890-1918. BENEFACTIONS. The aggregate of gifts and bequests-excluding grants by the United States, different States, and municipalities-reported for the year 1917-18 was $27,829,142. Of this amount $5,577,096 was for increase of plant, $5,277,598 for current expenses, and $16,758,588 for endowment. Thirty-six universities, colleges, and professional schools |