Warm hip-baths may sometimes be prescribed by a physician.

The Salivary Glands are in some cases very active during pregnancy, inducing so excessive a secretion of saliva as to cause the patient great annoyance. This trouble is generally very intractable, and may refuse to yield to all treatment, ceasing only with parturition. Astringent washes, as of tannic acid, alum, myrrh, etc., may be tried, as also the use of pieces of ice. Physicians sometimes use atropia in small doses. Its use requires careful watching.

Bad Teeth, which occur so often during pregnancy, are said to be due to acidity of the saliva. A little baking soda or prepared chalk placed in the mouth at night will counteract the effect of this acidity when it exists. The question is often asked whether there is any danger in having the teeth filled or attended to during pregnancy. There is always some danger, because a certain amount of nerve-irritation is the result. If the patient be suffering, however, it is better to have them filled by a temporary rubber filling, which causes little pain or irritation, than to lose rest in consequence of toothache. Extraction of the teeth should only be allowed when absolutely essential. If the pain be simply a neuralgic pain, it is better to wait.

Vomiting is, as has been said in the preceding chapter, a most common accompaniment of pregnancy. It more frequently exists, perhaps, with the first pregnancy than any other. The act is accomplished, as a rule,

without much effort. Diet seems to have little effect upon it. Various articles have been recommended for it, as rice-water, beef-tea, barley-water, the various gruels, the yolk of a hard-boiled egg, scraped beef in the form of sandwiches, ice-cream, cracked ice, etc. In some cases one or another of these seems to relieve the irritation. A cup of coffee, weak tea, or milk, taken warm early in the morning before the patient raises her head from the pillow, will often act as a preventive. In extreme cases of vomiting rectal feeding must be resorted to. In obstinate vomiting it is important that the physician should examine for the position of the uterus or the existence of ulcerations or erosions.

It must not be forgotten that the constant loss of food may be so great a drain upon the patient's strength as to endanger her life. As this symptom is so largely sympathetic, the proper use of bromides or other nerve sedatives prescribed by a physician may be of great use in checking it.

Care of the Breasts in a pregnant woman necessitates careful attention to the prevention of compression. Full development should be permitted by the looseness of the clothing. The importance of the proper dressing of growing girls cannot be overestimated in this connection. Did mothers realize the evils-of which the atrophy of the breasts is but one-resulting from tight lacing, there would be fewer unhealthy women and fewer mothers unable to nurse their offspring. The nipples should be prevented from rubbing, and the skin

over the nipples should be strengthened by using the nipple-bath-filling a small, wide-mouthed bottle onethird full of cold water and inverting it over the nipples daily, from five to ten minutes at a time. Sometimes a little cologne-water or alcohol is added to the nipplebath, or, better still, borax in the proportion of one tablespoonful to the pint of water. Keeping off scabs and concretions of various kinds from the surface of the nipples by the use of a little oil is also admissible. This keeps the skin pliable. The use of the nippleprotector, which will be referred to more fully in the chapter on the management of the lying-in, is of great importance where there is a tendency to flattening of the nipple, to remove the pressure of the clothing. Drawing out the nipple gently between the thumb and finger is also helpful in overcoming this tendency.

FIG. 6.-Nipple Protector.

The Clothing of a pregnant woman should be worn loose from the very beginning, both because the breasts begin to enlarge early and corsets interfere with their development, and because any amount of pressure upon the intestines tends to produce uterine displacements, which are especially dangerous during pregnancy, as they predispose to abortion. The clothing should all be supported from the shoulders.

Many new dress reform systems are now in vogue, having for their object the great desideratum of adjusting woman's dress so as to make it both healthful and

beautiful. Fortunately, in this enlightened age ideas of physical culture are so modifying old-time ideas of beauty that the wasp waist, the multitudinous and voluminous skirts, the awkward and deforming bustle, the

high-heeled boot, are fast becoming relics of the past. Among the dress-reform systems now in existence there is none so fully meets my views of healthful and

beautiful dressing as the Jenness-Miller System. But few garments constitute the costume, and these are so constructed as to allow perfect freedom of every part of the body.

A complete costume for summer wear, according to

this system, would consist in the chemilette-a combined chemise and a pair of drawers-around the waist of which buttons may be fastened, to which the second article of dress, the divided skirt, or Turkish leglette, is buttoned. The latter is made so full that it takes the place of petticoats, and the dress may be comfortably

worn over it. Should the dress be of some very sheer material, one additional muslin petticoat may be worn, similarly fastened to the waist of the chemilette. If a person is accustomed to wearing merino or silk underwear both summer and winter, the jersey-fitting union under-garment may be worn beneath the chemilette, or,