shaft or construct a tunnel so as to connect with the main working shaft of such mine as a mode of escape from underground accident, or otherwise. And all corporations, associations, owner, or owners of mines as aforesaid, working at a greater depth than three hundred feet, not having any other mode of egress than from the main shaft, shall proceed as herein provided.

SECTION 3. When any corporation, ass ciation, owner, or owners of any quartz mine in this State shall fail to provide for the proper egress as herein contemplated, and where any accident shall occur, or any miner working therein shall be hurt or injured, and from such injury might have escaped if the second mode of egress had existed, such corporation, association, owner, or owners of the mine where the injuries shall have occurred shall be liable to the person injured in all damages that may accrue by reason thereof; and an action at law in a court of competent jurisdiction may be maintained against the owner or owners of such mine, which owners shall be jointly or severally liable for such damages. And where death shall ensue from injuries received from any negligence on the part of the owners thereof, by reason of their failure to comply with any of the provisions of this act, the heirs or relatives surviving the deceased may commence an action for the recovery of such damages *

(Act of March 27, 1874.)

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SECTION 1. The owner or agent of every coal mine shall make or cause to be made an accurate map or plan of the workings of such coal mine, on a scale of one hundred feet to the inch.

SECTION 2. A true copy of which map or plan shall be kept at the office of the owner or owners of the mine, open to the inspection of all persons, and one copy of such map or plan shall be kept at the mines by the agent or other person haying charge of the mines, open to the inspection of the workmen.

SECTION 3. The owner or agent of every coal mine shall provide at least two shafts, or slopes, or outlets, separated by natural strata of not less than one hundred and fifty feet in breadth, by which shafts, slopes, or outlets distinct means of ingress and egress are always available to the persons employed in the coal mines; Provided, That if a new tunnel, slope, or shaft will be required for the additional opening, work upon the same shall commence immediately after the passage of this act, and continue until its final completion, with reasonable dispatch.

SECTION 4. The owner or agent of every coal mine shall provide and establish for every such mine an adequate amount of ventilation, of not less than fifty-five cubic feet per second of pure air, or thirty-three hundred feet per minute, for every fifty men at work in such mine, and as much more as circumstances may require, which shall be circulated through to the face of each and every working place throughout the entire mine, to dilute and render harmless and expel therefrom the noxious, poisonous gases, to such an extent that the entire mine shall be in a fit state for men to work therein, and be free from danger to the health and lives of the men by reason of said noxious and poisonous gases, and all workings shall be kept clear of standing gas.

SECTION 5. To secure the ventilation of every coal mine, and provide for the health and safety of the men employed therein, otherwise and in every respect, the owner, or agent, as the case may be, in charge of every coal mine, shall employ a competent and practical inside overseer, who shall keep a careful watch over the ventilating apparatus, over the air ways, the traveling ways, the pumps and sumps, the timbering, to see as the miners advance in their excavations that all loose coal, slate, or rock overhead is carefully secured against falling; over the arrangements for signaling from the bot om to the top, and from the top to the bottom of the shaft or slope, and all things connected with and appertaining to the safety of the men at work in the mine. He, or his assistants, shall examine carefully the workings of all mines generating explosive gases, every morning before the miners enter, and shall ascertain that the mine is free from danger, and the workmen shall not enter the mine until such examination has been made and reported, and the cause of danger, if any, be removed.

SECTION 6. The overseer shall see that the hoisting machinery is kept constantly in repair and ready for us, to hoist the workmen in and out of the mine. SECTION 7. The word "owner" in this act shall apply to lessee as well. SECTION 8. For any injury to person or property occasioned by any violation of this act, or any wilful failure to comply with its provisions, a right of action shall accrue to the party injured for any direct damages he or she may have sustained thereby, before any court of competent jurisdiction.

SECTION 9. For any wilful failure or negligence on the part of the overseer of any coal mine, he shall be liable to conviction of misdemeanor, and punished ac

cording to law: Provided, That if such wilful failure or negligence is the cause of the death of any person, the overseer, upon conviction, shall be deemed guilty of manslaughter.

SECTION 10. All boilers used for generating steam in and about coal mines shall be kept in good order, and the owner or agent thereof shall have them examined and inspected, by a competent boiler-maker, as often as once in three months.

SECTION 11. This act shall not apply to opening a new coal mine.

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Hospital for miners.

(Act of March 14, 1881, page 635.)

SECTION 1. There shall be erected, as soon as conveniently may be, upon some suitable site, * a public hospital and asylum for the reception, care, medical, and surgical treatment, and relief of the sick, injur d, disabled, and aged miners, which shall be known as the "California State Miners' Hospital and Asylum."

SECTION 5. Indigent miners shall be charged for medical attendance, surgical operations, board, and nursing while residents in the hospital and asylum, no more than the actual cost; paying patients, whose friends can pay their expenses, and who are not chargeable upon townships and counties, shall pay according to the terms directed by the trustees.

SECTION 6. The several boards of supervisors of counties, or any constituted authority in the State having care and charge of any indigent sick, or aged person or persons, if satisfactorily proven by them to have been miners, shall have authority to send to the California State Miners' Hospital and Asylum such persons, and they shall be severally chargeable with the expenses of the care, maintenance, and treatment, and removal to and from the hospital and asylum of such patients.

ACTS OF 1889.

CHAPTER 5.-Factories, workshops, etc.-Health of employés.

SECTION 1. Every factory, workshop, mercantile or other establishment, in which five or more persons are employed, shall be kept in a cleanly state and free from the effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or other nuisance, and shall be provided, within reasonable access, with a sufficient number of water closets or privies for the use of the persons employed therein. Whenever the persons employed as aforesaid are of different sexes, a sufficient number of separate and distinct water closets or privies shall be provided for the use of each sex, which shall be plainly so designated, and no per on shall be allowed to use any water closet or privy assigned to persons of the other sex.

SECTION 2. Every factory or wokshop in which five or more persons are employed shall be so ventilated while work is carried on therein that the air shall not become so exhausted as to be injurious to the health of the persons employed therein, and shall also be so ventilated as to render harmless, as far as practicable, all the gases, vapors, dust, or other impurities generated in the course of the manufacturing process or handicraft carried on therein, that may be injurious to health.

SECTION 3. No basement, cellar, underground apartment, or other place which the commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics shall condemn as unhealthy and unsuitable, shall be used as a workshop, factory, or place of business in which any person or persons shall be employed.

SECTION 4. If in any factory or workshop any process of work is carried on by which dust, filaments, or injurious gases are generated or produced that are liable to be inhaled by the pers ns employed therein, and it appears to the commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics that such inhalation could, to a great extent, be prevented by the use of some mechanical contrivance, he shall direct that such contrivance shall be provided, and within a reasonable time it shall be so provided and used.

SECTION 5. Every person, firm, or corporation employing females in any manufacturing, mechanical. or mercantile establishment shall provide suitable seats for the use of the females so employed, and shall permit the use of such seats by them when they are not necessarily engaged in the active duties for which they are employed.

SECTION 6. Any person or corporation violating any of the provisions of this act shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense.

SECTION 7. It shall be the duty of the commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics to enforce the provisions of this act.

CHAPTER 7.—Employment, hours of labor, etc., of children.

SECTION 1. No minor under the age of eighteen shall be employed in laboring in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, or other place of labor, more than ten hours in one day, except when it is necessary to make repairs to prevent the interruption of the ordinary running of the machinery, or when a di ferent apportionment of the hours of labor is made for the sole purpose of making a shorter day s work for one day of the week; and in no case shall the hours of labor exceed sixty hours in a week.

SECTION 2. No child under ten years of age shall be employed in any factory, workshop, or mercantile establishment; and every minor under sixteen years of age when so employed shall be recorded by name in a book kept for the purpose, and a certificate (duly verified by his or her parent or guardian, or if the minor shall have no parent or guardian, then by such minor, stating age and place of birth of such minor,) shall be kept on file by the employer, which book and which certificate shall be produced by him or his agent at the requirement of the commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics.

SECTION 3. Every person or corporation employing minors under sixteen years of age in any manufacturing establishment. shall post and keep posted in a conspicuous place in every room where such help is employed, a printed notice stating the number of hours per day for each day of the week required of such persons, and in every room where minors under sixteen years of age are employed, a list of their names, with their ages.

SECTION 4. Any person or corporation that knowingly violates or omits to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this act, or who knowingly employs, or suffers or permits any minor to be employed, in violation thereof, shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars for each and every offense.

SECTION 5. It shall be the duty of the commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics to enforce the provisions of this act.

CHAPTER 264.-Convict labor.

SECTION 18. All convicts may be employed by authority of the board of directors, under charge of the wardens r spectively and such skilled foremen as he may be deem necessary in the performance of work for the State, or in the manufacture o any article or articles for the State, or the manufacture of which is sanctioned by law. At San Quentin no articles shall be manufactured for sale except jute fabrics. At Folsom after the completion of the dam and canal the board may commence the erection of str. ctures for jute manufacturing purposes. The board of directors are hereby authorized to purchase from time to time such tools, machinery, an l materials, and to direct the employment of such skilled foremen as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, and to dispose of the articles manufactured, and not needed by the State, for cash, at private sale, in such manner as provided by law.

SECTION 20. The State board of prison directors shall require of every ablebodied convict confined in a State prison as many hours of faithful labor in each and every day during his term of imprisonment as shall be prescribed by the rules and regulations of the prison.

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COLORADO.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 10.-Exemption from taxation.

SECTION 3. * * * the household goods of every person being the head of a family to the value of two hundred dollars shall be exempt from taxation.

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ARTICLE 15.-Certain contracts of employés waiving right to damages void.

SECTION 15. It shall be un'awful for any person, company or corporation to require of its servants or employés, as a condition of their employment or otherwise any contract or agreement whereby such person, company or corporation shall be released or discharged from liability or responsibility on account of personal injuries received by such servants or employes while in the service of such person, company or corporation, by reason of the negligence of such person, company or corporation, or the agents or employés thereof, and such contracts shall be absolutely null and void.

ARTICLE 16.-Mine regulations.

SECTION 2. The general assembly shall provide by law for the proper ventilation of mines, the construction of escapement shafts, and such other appliances as may be necessary to protect the health and secure the safety of the workmen therein; and shall prohibit the employment in the mines of children under twelve years of age.

SECTION 3. The general assembly may make such regulations, from time to time, as may be necessary for the proper equitable drainage of mines.

ARTICLE 18.-Exemption from execution, etc.

SECTION 1. The general assembly shall pass liberal homestead and exemption laws. GENERAL STATUTES OF 1883.

CHAPTER 16.-Coal mine regulations and inspection.

SECTION 176 (as amended by act of April 8, 1885, page 134, acts of 1885). The owner or agent of each coal mine or colliery, in this State, employing ten or more men, shall make, or cause to be made, within six months after the passage of this act, an accurate map or plan of the workings of such coal mine or colliery, on a scale not exceeding one hundred feet to the inch, showing the bearings and distances of the workings, with the general inclinations of the strata, and any material deflections in such workings, and the boundary lines of such coal mine or colliery, which shall be kept for the use of the inspector, at the office of said mine in the county where such coal mine or colliery is located, and which shall be kept up every three months; and shall also deposit a true copy of such map or plan with the inspector of coal mines, and with the recorder of the county in which said coal mine or colliery is situated, to be filed in their respective offices; and said owner or agent shall cause, on or before the tenth day of January in every year, a statement of the workings of such coal mine during the year past, from the last report to the end of the December month just preceding, to be marked on the original map or plan of said coal mine or colliery: Provided, If the owner or agent of any coal mine shall neglect, or refuse, or for any cause fail, for the period of one month after the time prescribed, to furnish said map or plan as hereby required, or if the inspector shall find, or have reason to believe, said map or plan is inaccurate in any material part, he is hereby authorized to cause a correct map or plan of the actual workings of such coal mine or colliery to be made, at the expense of the owner thereof, the cost of which shall be recoverable from said owner by an action, as in cases of other debts, and shall cause a copy of the same to be filed in the office of the recorder of the county in which such coal mine or colliery is situated.

SECTION 177 (as amended by act of April 8, 1885, page 134, acts of 1885). It shall not be lawful, after six months from the passage of this act, for the owner or agent of any coal mine, wherein over fifteen thousand square yards have been excavated, to employ or permit more than filteen persons to work therein, except in opening shafts or outlets, unless there are to every seam of coal worked in each mine, at least two separate outlets, separated by natural strata of not less than one hundred feet in breadth, by which shafts or outlets, distinct means of ingress or egres are always available to the persons employed in the mine, and air shafts, in which are constructed and maintained ladder ways, shall be deemed and held to be an escape shaft within the provisions of this act, and no escape shaft shall be required; but it is not necessary for the two outlets to belong to the same mine; the second outlet need not be made until fifteen thousand square yards have been excavated in such mine, and to all other coal mines, whether opened and worked by shafts, slopes or drifts to such openings or outlets, must be provided within twelve months after fifteen thousand square yards have been excavated therein; and in case such outlets are not provided as he ein stipulated, it shall not be lawful for the agent or owner of such mine to permit more than fifteen persons to work therein during each twenty-four hours. În case a coal mine has but one shaft, slope or drift for the ingress or egress of the men working therein, and the owner thereof does not own suitable surface ground for another opening, he may select and appropriate any adjoining land for that purpose, and for approach thereto, and shall be governed in his proceedings in appropriating such land by the provisions of law in force providing for the appropriation of private property by corporations, and such appropriation may be made whether he is a corporator or not; but no land shall be appropriated under the provisions of this act until the court is satisfied that suitable premises can not be obtained by contract upon reasonable terms. Escapement

shafts or other communication with a contiguous mine, as aforesaid, shall be constructed in connection with every vein or stratum of coal worked in such coal mine or colliery, as provided herein.

SECTION 178 (as amended by act of April 8, 1885, page 134, acts of 1885). In all cases where the human voice can not be distinctly heard, the owner or agent shall provide and maintain a metal tube from top to the bottom of the sl pe or shaft, or a telephone connection suitably adapted to the free passage of sound, through which conversation may be held between persons at the bo tom and at the top of the shaft or slope; also the ordinary means of signaling to and from the top and bottom of the shaft or slope; and in the top of every shaft shall keep an approved safety gate and an approved safety catch, and sufficient cover overhead on every carriage used for lowering and hoisting persons; and the said owner or agent shall see that sufficient flanges or horns are attached to the sides of the drum of every machine that is used for lowering and hoisting persons in and out of the mine, and also, that adequate brakes are attached thereto; the main link, attached to the swivel of the wire rope, shall be made of the best quality of iron, and shall be tested by weights satisfactory to the inspector of mines of the State; and bridle chains shall be attached to the main link from the cross pieces of the carriage; and no single link chain shall be used for lowering or raising persons into or out of said mine; and not more than five persons for each ton capacity of the hoisting machinery used at any coal mine, shall be lowered or hoisted by the machine at any one time.

SECTION 179 (as amended by act of April 8, 1885, page 134, acts of 1885). The owner or agent of every coal mine or e lliery, whether shaft, slope or drift, shall provide and maintain for every such mine an amount of ventilation not less than one hundred cubic feet, and such additional number of cubic feet as may be ordered by said mine inspector, per minute, per person employed in such mine, and also an amount of ventilation of not less than five hundred cubic feet per minute for each mule or horse used in said mine, which shall be circulated and distributed throughout the mine in such a manner as to dilute and render harmless and repel the poisonous and noxious gases from each and every working place in the mine, and break-throughs or airways shall be driven as often as the inspector of mines may order, at the different mines inspected by him, and all break-throughs or airways, except those last made near the working faces of the mines, shall be closed up and made air tight by brattice, trap doors or otherwise, so that the currents of air in circulation in the mine may sweep to the interior of the mine, where the persons employed in such mine are at work; and all mines governed by this statute shall be provided with artificial means of producing ventilation, when necessary, to provide a sufficient quantity of air, such as fanning, or suction fans, exhaust steam furnaces, or other contrivances of such capacity and power as to produce and maintain an abundant supply of air: but, in case a furnace shall be used for venti.ating purposes, it shall be built in such a manner as to prevent the communication of fire to any part of the works, by lining the upcast with an incombustible material for a sufficient distance up from the said furnace. All mines generating fire damp shall be kept free from sanding gas, and every working place shall be carefully examined every morning with a safety lamp, by a competent person or persons, before any of the workmen are allowed to enter the mine; and the person making such examination shall mark on the face of the workings the day of the month; and in all mines, whether they generate fire damp or not, the doors used in assisting or directing the ventilation of the mine shall be so hung and adjusted that they will shut up of their own accord, and can not stand open; and the owner or agent shall employ a practical and competent inside overseer, to be called a "mining boss," who shall keep a careful watch over the ventilating apparatus, and the airways, travelling ways, pumps, timbers and drainage; also, shall see that, as the miners advance their excavations, that all loose coal, slate and rock overhead are carefully secured against falling in or upon the travelling ways, and that sufficient timber, of suitable lengths and sizes, is furnished for the places where they are to be used, and placed in the working places of the mines; and he shall measure the ventilation at least once a week, at the inlet and outlet, and also at or near the face of all the entries; and the measurement of air so made shall be noted on blanks, furnished by the mine inspector; and on the first week day of each month the "mining boss" of each mine shall sign one of such blanks, properly filled, and forward the same by mail to sa d mine inspector, a copy of which shall be filed at the office of the coal company, subject to inspection by miners.

SECTION 180 (as amended by act of April 8, 1885, page 134, acts of 1885). No person shall knowingly be employed as an engineer or mining boss, or take charge of any machinery or appliance whereby men are lowered into or hoisted