to keep a record, which shall be open to the inspection of the chief inspector of workshops and factories and of his assistants, giving the name of each minor employed, his or her name, date and place of birth, and also present residence of the parents or guardians.

SECTION 6986 bb. (Vol. III, R. S.) Any person or corporation who shall employ any person contrary to the provisions of this act, or who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in any sum not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not less than thirty nor more than ninety days.

SECTION 6986 c. (Vol. III, R. S.) It shall be the duty of the inspector of shops and factories to prosecute all violations of this act, when the same shall come to his knowledge, in any court of competent jurisdiction. *

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Payment of wages-use of non-transferable scrip prohibited.

SECTION 7015. (Vol. III, R. S., as amended by act passed Feb. 8,1889; laws of Ohio, vol. 86, page 26.) It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, company or corporation to sell, give, deliver, or in any manner issue, directly or indirectly, to any person employed by him or it in payment of wages due for labor, or as advances on the wages of labor not due, any scrip, token, draft, check or other evidence of indebtedness purporting to be payable or redeemable otherwise than in money; any violation of the provisions of this section shall be punishable by a fine not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars, or imprisonment for not more than thirty days, or both; and any such scrip, token, check, draft, or other evidence of indebtedness issued in violation of the provisions of this section, whatever its provisions as to the time or manner of payment shall be, in legal effect, an instrument for the unconditional payment of money only on demand, and the amount thereof may be collected in money by any holder thereof in a civil action against the person, firm or corporation selling, delivering, or in any manner, or for any purpose issuing the same; and such holder may be either the person to whom such instrument was originally issued. or who acquired the same by purchase and delivery; and any scrip, token, check, draft or other evidence of indebtedness, issued in violation of the provisions of this section, and presented by the holder thereof, shall be taken as prima facie evidence in any court of the guilt or indebtedness of any person, firm, company or corporation selling, giving, delivering, or in any manner issuing the same, and for the purposes of this act in case of a firm or corporation, the person selling, giving, delivering, or in any manner issuing said scrip, token, check, draft, order, or other evidence of indebtedness shall be the defendant to the criminal action, and the firm, corporation or company shall be held as defendant to the civil action. Nothing in this section shall apply to or affect the right of any person, firm, or corporation to give orders on any store, business house, or firm in the busines or profit of which he has no interest, directly or indirectly.

SECTION 7016. (Vol. III, R. S.) Whoever compels or in any manner seeks to compel, or attempts to coerce an employé of any person, firm, or corporation to purchase goods or supplies from any particular person, firm, or corporation, shall be fined not more than one hundred nor less than twenty dollars, or imprisoned not more than sixty days, or both; and whoever sells goods or supplies of any kind, directly or indirectly, to his employé, or pays the wages of labor of his employés in goods or supplies of any kind, directly, or through the intervention of scrip, order, or other evidence of indebtedness, at higher prices than the reasonable or current market value in cash of such goods or supplies, shall be liable to like punishment and penalties above specified, and shall, in addition thereto, be liable in civil action to the party aggrieved, in double the amount of any charges made for such goods or supplies in excess of the reasonable or current market value in cash, of such goods or supplies.

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Protection of employés as voters.

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SECTION 7065. (Vol. II, R. S.) Whoever, not being a candidate for office, with intent to induce * [an elector] to vote contrary to his inthreatens to withhold or reduce the wages of, or to dismiss from service, any laborer in his employ, or refuses to allow to any such employé time to attend at the place of election and vote, shall be fined not more

clinations,

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than two thousand nor less than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the penitentiary not more than three years.

Convict labor.

(Act passed March 24, 1884-Vol. III, R. S., page 769.)

SECTION 4 (as amended by act passed Feb. 27, 1885). From and after the expiration of the contracts now in force between the state and the contractors for the labor of the prisoners confined in the said institution [Ohio penitentiary], none of the labor of the prisoners in said institution shall be let on contract by the day, or similar to the present contracts, except as hereinafter provided, but shall be employed by the state upon the plan and in the manner as follows, namely: The managers shall employ all persons directly for the state, whenever the legislature shall provide means for the necessary outlay for machinery, materials, etc., as capital. It shall be competent for the managers to provide employment for any number of prisoners by an agreement with manufacturers and others to furnish machinery, materials, etc., for the employment of the prisoners under the direction and immediate control of the managers and their officers; and the said managers shall make such rules as are necessary and proper for the classification of the labor of the prisoners on the piece or process plan, and before making any contract therefor they shall, if they deem best, advertise for bids for the product of such labor on the plan aforesaid, **; the adver

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tisement shall specify the kind and quantity of labor to be employed, and such other particulars as may be necessary. Each bid shall specify the amount bid for the product of such labor on the piece or process plan, Provided, That convicts temporarily idle upon the passage of this act, may be contracted for on the above plan without advertising. Each bid shall be accompanied with a bond with sureties to the satisfaction of the board that the bidder will comply with the terms of his bid if it be accepted. And said managers shall award the con tract for the product of said labor to the best and most satisfactory bidder upon sufficient security to the board for the faithful performance of the contract; but the board may reject any bid if it be against the interest of the state or the welfare of the prisoners. But under no circumstance shall any contractor of the product of convict labor have correctory supervision over or control of the labor of the convict. And no contract shall be made that will bind the state to any system for a period not exceeding five years. And it shall be competent for the managers to arrange with the employer of prisoners under this act, to pay for the labor of such number of laborers necessary to the conduct of the general business (when they are employed in connection with larger numbers of other prisoners working by the piece or process plan), by the day or week, or otherwise, as may be agreed; but no arrangement shall be made or entered into by the board for a longer period than one year, that will produce less than seventy cents per day for the labor of able bodied convicts, excepting that convicts during the first year of their sentence, or those who are entirely unskilled, or disabled by disease, or old age, cripples, females, and minors, may be temporarily hired at less than the above rate, and all prisoners under the age of twenty-two years shall be employed when possible at hand work exclusively, for the purpose of acquiring a trade. The managers are required to employ all the prisoner[s] that are necessary in making all articles for the various state institutions, not manufactured by such institutions, as far as practicable, and the institutions shall purchase and pay to the penitentiary the market price for all such articles. SECTION 16(14). Sections 7419, 7420, 7422, 7423, * of the Revised Statutes be and the same are hereby repealed.

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(Act passed April 14, 1884–Vol. III, R. S., page 776.)

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SECTION 1. Be it enacted, etc., That there be established an intermediate penitentiary.

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SECTION 8. * Agricultural labor or mechanical industry may be resorted to by said managers and warden as an instrument of reformation. The contract system of employing convicts shall not exist in any form in said intermediate penitentiary, but the prisoners shall be employed by the state, and in such way as to in the least possible manner interfere with or affect free labor.

Tribunals of voluntary arbitration.

(Act passed Feb. 10, 1885-Vol. III, R. S., page 425.)

SECTION 1. The court of common pleas of each county, or a judge thereof in vacation, shall have the power, and upon the presentation of the petition, or of

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the agreement hereinafter named, it shall be the duty of said court, or a judge thereof in vacation, to issue * a license or authority for the establishment within and for each county of tribunals for voluntary arbitration and settlement of trade disputes between employers and employed in the manufacturing, mechanical, or mining industries.

SECTION 2. The said petition or agreement shall be substantially in the form hereinafter given, and the petition shall be signed by at least forty persons employed as workmen and by four or more separate firms, individuals, or corporations within the county, or by at least four employers, each of whom shall employ at least ten workmen, or by the representative of a firm, corporation, or individual employing not less than forty men in their trade or industry, Provided, That at the time the petition is presented, the judge before whom said petition is presented, may, upon motion, require testimony to be taken as to the representative character of said petitioners, and if it appears that the said petitioners do not represent the will of a majority, or at least one-half of each party to the dispute, the license for the establishment of the said tribunal may be denied, or may make such other order in this behalf, as to him shall seem fair to both sides.

SECTION 3. If the said petition shall be signed by the requisite number of both employers and workmen, and be in proper form and contain the names of the persons to compose the tribunal, being an equal number of employers and workmen, the judge shall forthwith cause to be issued a license author

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izing the existence of such tribunal and fixing the time and place of the first meeting thereof, and an entry of the license so granted shall be made upon the journal of the court of common pleas of the county in which the petition originated.

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SECTION 4. Said tribunal shall continue in existence for one year from the date of the license creating it, and may take jurisdiction of any dispute between employers and workmen in any mechanical, manufacturing, or mining industry or business, who shall have petitioned for the tribunal, or have been represented in the petition therefor, or who may submit their disputes in writing to such tribunal for decision. The place of umpire shall only be filled by the mutual choice of the whole of the representatives, of both employers and workmen constituting the tribunal, immediately upon the organization of the same. The umpire shall be called upon to act after disagreement is manifested in the tribunal by failure during three meetings held and full discussion had. His award shall be final and conclusive upon such matters only as are submitted to him in writing and signed by the whole of the members of the tribunal, or by parties submitting the same.

SECTION 5. The said tribunal shall consist of not less than two employers or their representatives, and two workmen. The exact number, which shall in each case constitute the tribunal, shall be inserted in the petition or agreement, and they shall be named in the license issued.

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SECTION 6. The members of the tribunal shall receive no compensation for their services from the city or county, but the expenses of the tribunal, other than fuel, light, and the use of the room and furniture, may be paid by voluntary subscription, which the tribunal is authorized to receive and expend for such purposes.

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SECTION 7. When no umpire is acting, the chairman of the tribunal shall have power to administer oaths to all witnesses who may be produced, and a majority of said tribunal may provide for the examination and investigation of books, documents, and accounts pertaining to the matters in hearing before the tribunal, and belonging to either party to the dispute; Provided, That the tribunal may unanimously direct that instead of producing books, papers, and accounts before the tribunal, an accountant agreed upon by the entire tribunal, may be appointed to examine such books, papers, and accounts, and such accountant shall be sworn to well and truly examine such books, documents, and accounts as may be presented to him, and to report the results of such examination in writing to said tribunal. Before such examination the information desired and required by the tribunal shall be plainly stated in writing and presented to said accountant, which statement shall be signed by the members of said tribunal, or by a majority of each class thereof. Attorneys at law or other agents of either party to the dispute, shall not be permitted to appear or take part in any of the proceedings of the tribunal, or before the umpire.

SECTION 8. When the umpire is acting he shall preside, and he shall have all the powers of the chairman of the tribunal; and his determination upon all questions of evidence, or other questions, in conducting the inquiries then pending,

shall be final. Committees of the tribunal consisting of an equal number of each class may be constituted to examine into any question in dispute between employers and workmen which may have been referred to said committee by the tribunal, and such committee may hear and settle the same finally, when it can be done, by a unanimous vote; otherwise the same shall be reported to the full tribunal, and be there heard, as if the question had not been referred. * * * SECTION 9. Before the umpire shall proceed to act, the question or questions in dispute shall be plainly defined in writing, and signed by the members of the tribunal, or a majority thereof of each class, or by the parties submitting the same; and such writing shall contain the submission of the decision thereof to the umpire by name, and shall provide that his decision thereon, after hearing, shall be final. The umpire shall be sworn to impartially decide all questions that may be submitted to him during his term of office. said umpire must make his award within ten days from the time the question or questions in dispute are submitted to him. Said award shall be made to the tribunal; and if the award is for a specific sum of money, said award may be made a matter of record by filing a copy thereof in the court of common pleas of the county wherein the tribunal is in session. When so entered of record it shall be final and conclusive, and the proper court may, on motion of anyone interested, enter judgment thereon; and when the award is for a specific sum of money, may issue final and other process to enforce the same.

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SECTION 13. The umpire shall make his award in writing to the tribunal, stating distinctly his decisions on the subject matter submitted. And when the award is for a specific sum of money, the umpire shall forward a copy of the same to the clerk of the proper court.

Color blindness of railroad employees.

(Act passed Feb. 19, 1885-Vol. III, R. S., page 807.)

SECTION 1, (as amended by act passed March 3, 1888; laws of Ohio, vol. 85, page 58). No railroad company shall hereafter contract to employ any person in a position which requires him to distinguish form or color signals, unless such person within two years next preceding has been examined for color blindness in the distinct colors in actual use by such railroad company, by some competent person employed and paid by the railroad company, and has received a certificate that he is not disqualified for such position by color blindness in the colors used by a railroad company. Every railroad company shall require such employé to be re-examined at least once within every two years at the expense of the railroad company; Provided, That nothing in this section shall prevent any railroad company from continuing in its employment any employé having defective sight, in all cases where such defective sight can be fully remedied by the use of glasses, or by other means, satisfactory to the person making such examinations.

SECTION 2. A railroad company shall be liable to a fine of one hundred dollars for each violation of the preceding section.

Seats for female employees.

(Act passed April 16, 1885-Vol. III, R. S., page 659.)

SECTION 1, (as amended by act passed March 1, 1889; laws of Ohio, vol. 86, page 62). Every person or corporation employing female employés in any manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment in this state, shall provide suitable seats for the use of the female employés so employed, and shall permit the use of such by them when they are not necessarily engaged in the active duties for which they are employed, and shall permit the use of such seats at all times when such use would not actually and necessarily interfere with the proper discharge of the duties of such employés.

SECTION 2. Any person or corporation violating any of the provisions of this act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than twentyfive dollars for each offense.

ACTS OF 1887.

Manual training in public schools.
(Page 92.)

SECTION 1. Boards of education in cities of the second grade of the first class may annually levy on each dollar valuation of a taxable property, 1-5 of one mill

LABOR LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.

additional to that now allowed; the proceeds of said levy to be applied towards
providing manual and domestic training for the children of the schools of said
city, and said board may expend such part of said proceeds as it may deem ex-
pedient in providing tuition for such children in any manual training school
that has been or may be founded in said city; Provided, That at each annual
election the corporation controlling said school may choose as directors, at least
six persons, who shall be named by such board of education, and shall also choose
as a director the superintendent of the public schools.

Payment of wages.

(Page 214.)

SECTION 1, (as amended by act passed March 20, 1890; laws of Ohio, vol. 87, page 78). Every incorporated manufacturing, mining, mercantile, street railroad, telegraph, telephone, express, water companies, and construction companies, or contractors building railroads, shall pay, in lawful money, or by check, draft or order payable in lawful money, at sight or on demand, on a bank located at a distance not greater than eight miles from the place where said labor was performed twice in each month, each and every employé engaged in its business the wages earned by such employé to within ten days of the date of said payment; Provided, however, That if at any time of payment any employé shall be absent from his regular place of labor, he shall be entitled to said payment at any time thereafter, during their regular business hours, upon demand; And provided, further, That said employer may retain at each payment, any amount said employ may order withheld from his or her wages for rent, powder, tools, toolsharpening, or oil due said employer.

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SECTION 2, (as amended by act passed March 20, 1890; laws of Ohio, vol. 87, page 78). Any corporation mentioned in section one of this act, violating any provisions of this act, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred and not less than fifty dollars. Justices of the peace, mayors and police judges shall have final jurisdiction in all cases arising under the provisions of this act; That the defendant shall be entitled, on demand, to a trial by jury; vided, complaint for such violation is made within thirty days from date thereof; Provided, providing, that in pursuance of and under this act, there shail not be more than Proone conviction of the same corporation during any two weeks, and it shall be the duty of the inspector of shops and factories to enforce the provisions of this act.

ACTS OF 1888.

Inspection of factories, etc.

(Page 34.)

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SECTION 1. The mayor of the city shall appoint in every city of the first class of the first grade, one person who shall be an architect or builder, as inspector of buildings. *

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SECTION 4. It shall be the duty of the inspector appointed under the provisions of this act to inspect any building or structure which may be in the course of construction or alteration, within the limits of said city, and to see that each building or structure is being constructed or altered according to the provisions. of this act and all acts and ordinances in force in said city; if the said inspector is served with a written notice by the owner, contractor or contractors of any building or structure to inspect said building in progress of construction or alteration, he or his deputies shall do so. shall fail or neglect to attend within twenty-four hours after such written notice And if said inspector or his deputies has been served upon him for that purpose, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of twenty dollars for each and every day he shall so fail or neglect to attend beyond twenty-four hours, which penalty shall be recoverable by action at law in the name of said city for the use of the owners or contractors of said building. SECTION 8. In this act the following terms shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them:

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(b) Buildings of the "warehouse class" shall comprise buildings used for storage of merchandise, manufactories in which machinery is operated, breweries and distilleries.

[Note.-Cincinnati is the only city which now comes under the provisions of this act. On page 299 of the acts of 1888 will be found a similar act which applies to cities of the first class and second grade. Cleveland is now the only city which comes under the provisions of said act.]