of any such closet when in its judgment such prohibition is wise, and in giving permission for the installation of chemical toilets the State Board of Health does not assume responsibility for the satisfactory operation of the installation, in whole or in part, but reserves the right to order its removal should conditions dangerous to health or otherwise objectionable arise therefrom.

Section 4. Design, Materials, Construction.

(A) The bowl must

be of good grade vitreous china, or such other material as may hereafter be approved, plain and sanitary, with connection to vent pipe at the top, equipped with a good grade self-closing seat and cover, so constructed as to insure sanitary operation and durability.

(B) The Urinal Bowl. The urinal must be of good grade vitreous china or such other material as may hereafter be approved, and of such design and construction that it can be kept clean. The top shall be equipped with a suitable vent pipe connection. The cover must be self-closing, constructed of suitable light weight material that will withstand the action of urine and can be kept clean. It shall be attached to the bowl by means of a substantial hinge and equipped with an adequate foot or hand-operating device so designed as to make for easy operation and proper sanitation.

Section 5. Connecting Tube. (A) The connecting tube between the bowl and tank must be made of the best available material to withstand corrosion and effect of urine, such as high grade iron coated with lasting, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent material, lead or copper of adequate weight, or other approved material.

(B) The tube must be free from offsets and extend into the tank a sufficient distance so as to prevent urine from coming in contact with the upper walls of the tank. See sub-section (D) of section 7.

(C) The tank tube for closet bowls must not be less than 11 inches and for urinal of the pedestal type not less than 6 inches, inside diameter, and the joints between the bowl and tube and tank and tube shall be made as described in Sections 8 (A) and 9 (D).

Section 6. Ventilating Pipes. (A) Ventilating pipes must be of substantial material, properly jointed, and of a quality capable of withstanding the action of moisture and gases, and so designed and arranged as to give proper ventilation regardless of atmospheric conditions. The minimum diameter of the vent pipe to be used on single bowls is four inches and on urinals three inches. Pipes must be correspondingly larger as bowls and urinals are added for multiple installations (See section 8 F).

(B) In placing pipes, right-angled turns must not be used, and an angle not exceeding 45 degrees is to be worked to whenever possible. Horizontal runs or square pipes are prohibited.

(C) All ventilating pipes must run inside of the building and emerge at the ridge of the roof. If impossible to emerge at the ridge or in close proximity to it, then the vent pipe shall extend through the roof to a point above the roof so as to obtain unobstructed draft, and the part so exposed shall be amply protected against frost. The roof terminal of all such vent pipes shall be surmounted with a suitable ventilator so as to insure effective ventilation at all times. Ventilation direct into the smoke flue of a chimney is prohibited.

Section 7. Tank. The tank must be cylindrical or half-round and be made of so-called pure iron or copper bearing steel, of the best grade, equal to that made by the leading manufacturers, and must not be less than fourteen-gauge thickness, or of such material as may be hereafter approved, and equipped with:

(A) Joints substantially welded or made equally durable by some other approved method. All connection joints below the top of the tank subject to liquids must be of such design, material, and construction that they will provide for a proper water-tight joint.

(B) An agitator of substantial construction, so designed and installed that it can, under all conditions, be easily operated and kept clean, and so that it will effectually mix the tank contents.

(C) Suitable openings properly spaced with relation to fixtures tributary to bowls and spaced not less than thirty inches from center to center.

(D) Waste inlets extending into the tank from one to two inches so as to convey urine direct to the solution in the tank.

(E) Each tank must be covered on the outside at the factory, or on the premises, with one or more coats of effective rust- and corrosionresisting covering to secure thorough protection, and the shipment shall also contain a sufficient supply of coating which shall be applied at the time of installation so as to cover all abrasions that may have from any cause taken place.

Note: The exterior of unexposed tanks may further be protected by two or more coats of burlap, each laid in hot tar or asphaltum, or some other efficient water-proof compound.

(F) The operating capacity of the tank shall in all cases be based upon the seating capacity of the school, and no such tank shall have a capacity of less than 10 gallons per pupil. One tank of 200 gallons capacity shall be installed for every 20 females or fraction and one tank of like capacity for every 20 males or fraction. All such tanks shall be increased [in the ratio of 10 gallons for each additional 15 sq. ft. of classroom floor area], equivalent to a ratio of 200 gallons for each additional 20 females or males, or fraction, tributary thereto, in accordance with the following table:

Exception: Existing schools actually having a seating capacity of less than 40 pupils may install smaller capacity tanks, but no such smaller tanks shall have a capacity of less than 125 gallons, or less than ten gallons per pupil, tributary, (based upon the seating capacity of the school in accordance with the above table); and no such tank shall be equipped with more than one bowl for females and one bowl and urinal for males, and all such tanks shall be so installed that they can conveniently be drained of their contents and recharged.

Note:

1.

The above requirements are based upon the following: That the attendance of the different sexs be equally divided. 2. That a nine-months school period is maintained.

3. That the school may be used for community or civic meetings, etc. 4. That deposits per child and other liquids, such as chemical and bowl washings tributary to the tank, shall equal not more than 10 gallons per child for the period stated in (2). For number of bowls and urinals see Section 8 (K).

Note: It is recommended that there be one bowl and one urinal for each 15 males and two bowls for each 15 females. Tank capacity must be provided in accordance with Section 7 (F).

Section 8. State Building Code Installation Requirements. (A) In addition to the requirements above prescribed, installations hereafter constructed, whether of the inside or outside type, shall conform in every respect as to "housing," number of toilets required, design, standards of construction, materials, ventilation, light, location, maintenance, etc., with the minimum standards of the Industrial Commission's Building Code and the State Board of Health's codes (Orders 2202, 2204, 2205, 2208, 5253, 5256, 5257, 5259, and 5618 as modified and set forth in the following): (Figs. 1 and 2).

(B) Order 2202. Sex Designated. Each toilet room shall be distinctly marked with regard to the sex which uses it and no person shall be allowed to use a toilet room assigned to the other sex.

(C) Order 2204. Cleanliness. Every toilet room and every part thereof, including walls, floors and ceiling, and all fixtures therein, must be kept clean, efficient and in good repair.

(D) Order 2205. Indecent Pictures. Indecent or suggestive marks, pictures ar words are forbidden in toilet rooms, and such defacements when found must be at once removed.

(E) Order 2208. Artificial Light. Every toilet room shall be artificially lighted during the entire period that the building is occupied, wherever and whenever adequate natural light is not available, so that all parts of the room are adequately lighted.

(F) Order 5253. Location, Light, Ventilation. Every toilet room within a school building shall be completely enclosed, so arranged as to insure privacy, and so located as to be open to the outside light and air by windows or skylight openings directly upon a street, alley, court, or vacant ground space. The windows shall be so constructed that they can be opened and shall be provided with screens. The glass area for a toilet room containing one closet or urinal shall be at least four square feet, with two square feet additional for each additional closet or urinal.

Ventilation of the room shall be accomplished by extending adequate vents from the fixtures (bowl or urinal) or by some other approved method and in such a manner that offensive odors will not prevail at any time. The main vent pipe shall be not less than the following diameter:

1 fixture

2 fixtures

3 to 5 fixtures

4 inch pipe

6 inch pipe
8 inch pipe

Where the metal vent pipe extends above the roof a double pipe or other equally effective insulation against cold is recommended, and where subject to frost conditions may be required. (See section 6—C). (G) Order 5256. Size. Every such toilet room shall have at least 10 square feet of floor area, and at least 100 cubic feet of air space for each bowl and each urinal, and in addition an anteroom of such size and arrangement as to serve the purpose for which it is intended shall be provided. All such anterooms shall be properly lighted, ventilated and constructed.

(H) Order 5257. Floor. The floor and base of every toilet room shall be constructed of material, other than wood, which does not readily absorb moisture and which can be easily cleaned, except that in existing one-room buildings where there is an existing wood floor in good condition, it may be used if permitted in writing, and provided further that the bowl or bowls as located on the first floor are set on an adequate, approved metal floor plate and that no wall type urinal is installed.

(I) Order 5258. Walls and Ceilings. The walls and ceilings of every toilet room shall be completely covered with smooth cement

or gypsum plaster, glazed brick or tile, galvanized or enameled metal, or other smooth, non-absorbent material. Wood may be used if well covered with two coats of body paint and one coat of enamel paint or spar varnish. But wood shall not be used for partitions between toilet rooms separating the sexes, nor for partitions which separate toilet rooms from any room used by the opposite sex. All such partitions shall be as nearly sound-proof as possible.

Note: Walls and partitions should be of light color to increase illumination and facilitate cleaning. This will also promote general deportment, cleanliness and sanitation.

(J) Order 5259. Partitions Between Fixtures. (New Installations). Adjoining closets shall be separated by partitions. Each individual urinal or urinal trough shall be provided with a partition at each end and at the back to give privacy. Where individual urinals are arranged in batteries, a partition shall be placed at each end and at the back of the battery. A space of six to twelve inches shall be left between the floor and the bottom of each such closet or urinal partition. The top of the partitions shall be from five and one-half to seven feet above the floor. Doors, of the same height as required for partitions, shall be provided for closet apartments used by females. Doors from three to four feet high with the bottom of the door 8 to 10 inches above the floor, shall be provided for closet compartments used by males. All partitions and doors shall be of material and finish required by Section 8 (I), Order 5258, for walls and ceilings.

Note: Wood is not recommended. equal grade, and kept well covered.

If used, it should be hardwood or

(K) Order 5618. Entrances, Doors, Number of Bowls Required. School buildings equipped with chemical closet facilities located within or outside the building shall be provided with one bowl for every 20 females or fraction thereof, and with two bowls for every 20 males or fraction, one of which is to be installed so as to serve as a urinal. These toilet accommodations for females and males shall be placed in separate rooms or buildings with doors not less than 20 feet apart and so that privacy, comfort and sanitation are insured. Entrances shall be properly screened and shall be equipped with doors provided with a reliable self-closing device.

Section 9. Requirements for Installation of System. (A) The materials used on the various units, bowl, urinal, tank, seats, vents, agitator, tube, roof terminal, dry well, etc., comprising the chemical closet, shall be of proper design and construction, and so installed that the highest degree of efficiency possible is obtained.

(B) The distance between the top of tank and bottom of bowl shall be not less than sixteen inches nor more than forty-eight inches. (C) The opening for the clean-out and for the manhole shall be so placed as to be readily accessible.

(D) All joints subject to liquid action below the top of the bowl or urinal leading to and from the tank, including manholes located inside the building, shall be so made as to convey all deposits without leaks to the tank proper.

(E) The installation shall be so made as to insure ample protection against frost for the tank and other parts that may be affected.

Note: Experience has demonstrated that chemical closet systems installed within a building must be housed with due regard to proper location, approaches, light, ventilation, care, drainage, etc. They should therefore be located preferably on the ground floor. If located in the basement the above factors must be taken carefully into account. A suitable intervening "ante-room" or its equivalent, properly lighted and ventilated by means of windows or vent pipe, must also be provided.

Section 10. Tank Contents Disposal. The tank shall be provided with an efficient method of draining or removing tank contents, which shall be accomplished in a satisfactory manner by one of the following methods:

(A) By means of an adequate dry well or leaching basin, properly located, consisting of an underground chamber provided with a suitable manhole and cover. Capacity of the dry well shall be at least twice that of the tank, and larger where soil conditions require it. (Figs. 2 and 3).

(B) By means of a tile absorption trench of combined strainer and absorption type, properly located, designed and constructed. The cubic contents capacity of the tile shall be at least twice the volume to be discharged. (Figs. 4 or 5).

(C) By pumping or dipping and hauling away.

Note: Experience has shown process (C) to be impractical and unsatisfactory, from the standpoint of service and sanitation, except under certain favorable conditions.

(D) The important requirements which must be taken into consideration are the lay of the land, character of the soil, amount and character of the liquid to be disposed of, location with respect to wells or other sources of water supply, etc.

Section 11. Outlet of Tank. The cleanout opening to the tank shall be so located, and where practical the tank so encased or exposed that access to it for inspection purposes may be readily possible. When the cleanout is placed outside of the building, it must have a suitable concrete manhole and cover. When it is proposed to remove the tank contents by pumping or dipping, the tank cleanout shall not be placed within the building.

The outlet valve shall be not less than three inches in diameter. The outlet pipe leading from the drain valve to the point of disposal shall be not less than four inches in diameter, laid direct, free from defects and with a grade not less than one-half inch per foot, and greater where practicable.

Section 12. Chemical. The chemical used shall be a dry chemical of standard commercial quality with a phenol coefficient of at least 15, and a minimum of 25 pounds of chemical of this standard per bowl shall be used. The phenol coefficient of the chemical shall be clearly stated on the package or container. Full directions for using the chemical shall be furnished with each package or container. The chemical solution so used shall at all times be maintained at such strength as to effectively sterilize and deodorize the tank contents.

Section 13. Service and Guarantee. (A) Each manufacturer shall guarantee his equipment against defects in material and workmanship and that it will operate effectively where installed and used in accordance with the printed directions furnished at the time of installation and at any later time upon request.

(B) The manufacturer is to be notified of defects, if any exist, and be given opportunity to make them good without charge to the purchaser.

(C) In case difficulty arises which is clearly due to the fault of the purchaser in operating, he shall be chargeable for service at the regular rates of the company employed to render the same.

Section 14. Maintenance. (A) The toilet conveniences must not be used without the tank being charged with chemical substances of proper quality and quantity.

(B) The tank must be completely emptied before each charge of chemicals.