Nihil Obstat, February 1, 1912 CENSOR Imprimatur JOHN CARDINAL FARLEY ARCHBISHOP OF NEW YORK DEC 29 1922. Copyright, 1912 BY ROBERT APPLETON COMPANY Copyright, 1913 BY THE ENCYCLOPEDIA PRESS, INC. The articles in this work have been written specially for The Catholic PRESSWORK AND BINDING BY J. B. LYON CO., ALBANY, N. Y., U. S. A. Contributors to the Thirteenth Volume ÁLDÁSY, ANTAL, PH.D., ARCHIVIST OF THE LI- ALVAREZ, JOSÉ MARÍA, O.P., PREFECT APOS- AMADO, RAMÓN RUIZ, S.J., LL.D., PH.L., COL LEGE OF ST. IGNATIUS, SARRIA, BARCELONA: Sala- AYMÉ, EDWARD L., M.D., NEW YORK: Rose of TORY, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND: Rhodo; Rufinus Sabbatical Year. BEISSEL, JAMES C., C.SS.CC., HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Sandwich Islands, Vicariate Apostolic of the. BENIGNI, MGR. UMBERTO, PROTHONOTARY APOSTOLIC PARTECIPANTE, PROFESSOR OF EcCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, PONTIFICIA ACCADEMIA DEI NOBILI ECCLESIASTICI, ROME: Rienzi, Cola di; Rieti, Diocese of; Rimini, Council and Diocese of; Ripatransone, Diocese of; Roman Colleges; Rome; Rome, University of; Rossano, Archdiocese of; Rossi, Pellegrino; Rota, Sacra Romana; Ruvo and Bitonto, Diocese of; Sabina, Diocese of; Saint Paul-without-the-walls; Salerno, Diocese and University of; Saluzzo, Diocese of; San Marco and Bisignano, Diocese of; San Marino; San Martino al Cimino; San Miniato; Sardinia; San Severino; Sanseverino, Gaetano; San Severo, Diocese of; Santa Agata dei Goti, Diocese of; Santa Lucia del Mela, Prefecture Nullius of; Sant' Angelo de' Lombardi, Diocese of; Sant' Angelo in Vado and Urbania, Diocese of; Santa Severina, Archdiocese of; Sardinia; Sarsina, Diocese of; Sassari, Archdiocese of; Savona and Noli, Diocese of; Segni, Diocese of; Sessa-Aurunca, Diocese of; Sicily; Siena, Archdiocese and University of. BERGH, FREDERICK THOMAS, O.S.B., ABBOT OF ST. AUGUSTINE'S, CARSHALTON, SURREY, ENGLAND: Sarum Rite. BERTRIN, GEORGES, LITT.D., FELLOW OF THE UNIVERSITY, PROFESSOR OF FRENCH LITERATURE, INSTITUT CATHOLIQUE, PARIS: Rollin, Charles; Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Madame de. BLAKELY, PAUL LENDRUN, S.J., ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI: Saint Louis, University of. BLUME, CLEMENS, S.J., MUNICH: Rhythmical Office. BOUDINHON, AUGUST-MARIE, S.T.D., D.C.L., DIRECTOR, "CANONISTE CONTEMPORAIN", PROFESSOR OF CANON LAW, INSTITUT CATHOLIQUE, PARIS: Sanction; Secular Clergy; Secularization. BOYLE, PATRICK, C.M., SUPERIOR OF THE IRISH COLLEGE, PARIS: Schools, Apostolic. BRAUN, JOSEPH, S.J., ST. IGNATIUS COLLEGE, VALKENBURG, HOLLAND: Rochet; Sandals, Episcopal. BRENNAN, ANDREW J., S.T.D., CHANCELLOR OF THE DIOCESE OF SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA: Scranton, Diocese of. BROCK, HENRY M., S.J., ORE PLACE, HASTINGS, ENGLAND: Riccioli, Giovanni Battista; Ruysch, John; Scheiner, Christopher; Schott, Gaspar; Schwarz, Berthold. BROWN, CHARLES FRANCIS WEMYSS, LOCHTON CASTLE, PERTHSHIRE, SCOTLAND: Samar and Leyte. BRUCKER, JOSEPH, S.J., EDITOR OF "ETUDES", PARIS: Ricci, Matteo; Schall von Bell, Johann Adam. BUCHI, ALBERT, PH.D., PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG: Schinner, Matthæus. BURNS, JAMES A., C.S.C., PH.D., PRESIDENT OF HOLY CROSS COLLEGE, WASHINGTON: Schools: BURTON, EDWIN, S.T.D., F. R. HIST. SOC., Vice- Russell, Richard; Sadler, Thomas Vincent BYRNE, JOSEPH, C.S.SP., DARIEN, CONNECTICUT: CAHILL, JAMES A., S.J., WOODSTOCK COLLEGE, MARYLAND: Schoenberg, Matthias von; Schrader, Clement. CALLAN, CHARLES J., O.P., S.T. L., PROFESSOR OF PHILIOSOPHY, DOMINICAN HOUSE OF STUDIES, WASHINGTON: Sacchoni, Rainerio; Silvester, Francis. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM, EDITOR OF "THE SOUTHERN MESSENGER", SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS: San Antonio, Diocese of. CATHREIN, VICTOR, S.J., PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY, ST. IGNATIUS College, ValkenBURG, HOLLAND: Right. CHABOT, JEAN-BAPTISTE, S.T.D., DIRECTOR OF THE "CORPUS SCRIPTORUM CHRISTIANORUM ORIENTALIUM", PARIS: Semitic Epigraphy. CHANDLERY, PETER JOSEPH, S.J., MANRESA HOUSE, ROEHAMPTON, LONDON: Shrines of Our Lady and the Saints in Great Britain and Ireland. CHAPMAN, JOHN, O.S.B., B.A. (Oxon.), PRIOR OF ST. THOMAS'S ABBEY, ERDINGTON, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND: Semi-Arians and Semi-Arianism. CHARLES, BROTHER, PRINCIPAL, CATHEDRAL SCHOOL, NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI: Sacred Heart, Brothers of the. CHOQUETTE, MGR. CHARLES PHILIPPE CANON, M.A., L.SC., PRESIDENT OF THE SEMINARY, ST. HYACINTHE, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, CANADA: Saint Hyacinthe, Diocese of. CLAYTON, JOSEPH, HAMPSTEAD, LONDON: Samson, Abbot of St. Edmunds; Savaric; Simon of Sudbury. CLEARY, GREGORY, O.F.M., J.C.D., J.Civ.D. S.T.L., SOMETIME PROFESSOR OF CANON LAW AND MORAL THEOLOGY, ST. ISIDORE'S COLLEGE, ROME: Roch, Saint; Rose of Viterbo, Saint; Scarampi, Pierfrancesco. DE BROECK, WILLIAM, C.SS.CC., BRAINE-LECOMTE, BELGIUM: Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, Congregation of the. DEDIEU, JOSEPH, LITT.D., INSTITUT CATHOLIQUE, TOULOUSE: Rusticus of Narbonne, Saint. DEGERT, ANTOINE, LITT.D., EDITOR OF "LA REVUE DE LA GASCOIGNE", PROFESSOR OF LATIN LITERATURE, INSTITUT CATHOLIQUE, TOULOUSE: Sainctes, Claude de; Saturninus, Saint; Ségur, Louis-Gaston de. DELAMARRE, LOUIS N., PH.D., INSTRUCTOR IN FRENCH, COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK: Rochette, Désiré-Raoul; Ronsard, Pierre de; Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste; Scarron, Paul. DELANY, FRANCIS X., S.J., WOODSTOCK COLLEGE, MARYLAND: Scheffmacher. John James; Schneemann, Gerard. DELANY, JOSEPH, S.T.D., NEW YORK: Sacrilege; Scruple; Secret; Seduction. DERACHES, JULES, SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO: Santa Fe, Archdiocese of. DEVITT, E. J., S.J., PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY, GEORGETOWN, WASHINGTON: Sestini, Benedict. DE WULF, MAURICE, PH.D., LL.D., J.U.D., PROFESSOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN, MEMBER OF ROYAL BELGIAN ACADEMY, EDITOR OF THE "REVUE NÉO-SCHOLASTIQUE DE PHILOSOPHIE", BRUSSELS: Rocelin; Siger de Brabant. DONOVAN, STEPHEN M., O.F.M., ST. BONAVENTURE'S SEMINARY, ST. BONAVENTURE, NEW YORK: Saint Bonaventure, College of. DOYLE, JAMES, EDITOR OF "THE CATHOLIC REGISTER", SAN THOME, MADRAS, INDIA: Saint Thomas of Mylapur, Diocese of. DRISCOLL, JAMES F., S.T.D., NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK: Sabaoth; Sadducees; Salome; Samson; Sara; Saul; Scribes: Simeon; Simeon, Holy; Simon of Cremona. DRISCOLL, JOHN THOMAS, M.A., S.T.L., FONDA, NEW YORK: Shamanism. DRUM, WALTER, S.J., PROFESSOR OF HEBREW AND SACRED SCRIPTURE, WOODSTOCK COLLEGE, MARYLAND: Rhymed Bibles; Salmeron, Alphonsus; Seven-Branch Candlestick; Shammai the Elder. DUBRAY, C.A., S.M., S.T.B., PH.D., PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY, MARIST COLLEGE, WASHINGTON: Scalimoli; Secularism. CLUGNET, JOSEPH-LÉON-TIBURCE, LITT.L., DUBRUEL, MARC, S.J., BORDEAUX, FRANCE: PARIS: Rocamadour. CORMACK, GEORGE, I.C., RECTOR, ST. JOSEPH'S MONASTERY, CLONMEL, IRELAND: Rosmini and Rosminianism (Antonio Rosmini-Serbati). CRIVELLI, CAMILLUS, S.J., PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY, INSTITUTO CIENTÍFICO DE SAN JOSÉ, GUADALAJARA, MEXICO: Saltillo, Diocese of. CUTHBERT, FATHER, O.S.F.C., ST. ANSELM'S HOUSE, OXFORD: Rites: Friar Minor Capuchin. D'ALTON, E. A., CANON, LL.D., M.R.I.A., BALLINROBE, IRELAND: Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista; Roman Catholic Relief Bill: In Ireland; Sarsfield, Patrick. Sacred Heart of Jesus, Society of the. DUHEM, PIERRE, PROFESSOR OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX: Saxe, Jean de; Saxony, Albert of. DUHIG, JAMES, S.T.D., BISHOP OF ROCKHAMPTON, AUSTRALIA: Rockhampton, Diocese of. ELDER, SUSAN B., NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA: Rouquette, Adrian. ELLIS, JOHN HENRY, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA: Sacramento, Diocese of. ENGELHARDT, ZEPHYRIN, O.F.M., SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA: Sánchez, José Bernardo; FANNING, WILLIAM H. W., S.J., PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY AND CANON LAW, ST. Louis UNIVERSITY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI: Scrutiny; Sexton. FERNÁNDEZ, ISIDOR, CANON, VICAR-GENERAL OF THE DIOCESE OF SAN JUAN, ARGENTINA: San Juan, Diocese of. FINEGAN, PHILIP M., S.J., COLLEGE OF THE ATENEO, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Rizal, José Mercado; Salazar, Domingo de; Sánchez, Alonso. FLAHERTY, MATTHEW J., M.A. (HARVARD), CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS: Sheil, Richard Lalor. FLANAGAN, JOHN J., PH.D., ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS: Rockford, Diocese of. FORD, JEREMIAH, D.M., M.A., PH.D., PROFESSOR OF THE FRENCH AND SPANISH LANGUAGES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS: Rodrigues Ferreira, Alexandre; Selgas y Carrasco, José. FORGET, JACQUES, PROFESSOR OF DOGMATIC THEOLOGY AND THE SYRIAC AND ARABIC LANGUAGES, UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN: Schism. FORTESCUE, ADRIAN, PH.D., S.T.D., LETCHWORTH, HERTFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND: Rites; Ritual; Roman Rite, The; Sanctus; Schism, Eastern; Secret. FOURNET, PIERRE AUGUSTE, S.S., M.A., MONTREAL: Robert, Saint; Saint-Sulpice, Society of. FOX, JAMES J., S.T.D., PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY, ST. THOMAS'S COLLEGE, WASHINGTON: SelfDefence. FOX, WILLIAM, B.Sc., M.E., ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS, COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK: Senefelder, Aloys. FRASER, MGR. ROBERT, S.T.D., LL.D., PROTHONOTARY APOSTOLIC, SCOTS COLLEGE, ROME: Scots College, The. GIGOT, FRANCIS E., S.T.D., PROFESSOR OF SACRED SCRIPTURE, ST. JOSEPH'S SEMINARY, DUNWOODIE, NEW YORK: Ruben; Ruth, Book of; Sa, Manoel de; Scholz, John Martin Augustine; Seraphim; Seripando, Girolamo. GILDAS, M., O.C.R., LA TRAPPE, QUEBEC, Canada: Robert of Molesme, Saint. GILLET, LOUIS, PARIS: Ribera, Jusepe de. GOGGIN, J. F., S.T.D., PH.D., ST. BERNARD'S SEMINARY, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK: Sacristan. GOYAU, GEORGES, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, "REVUE DES DEUX MONDES", PARIS: Revolution, French; Richard de la Vergne, François-Marie-Benjamin; Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal, Duke de; Rodez, Diocese of; Rouen, Archdiocese of; Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul; Sahara, Vicariate Apostolic of; Saint Bartholomew's Day; Saint-Brieuc, Diocese of; Saint-Claude, Diocese of; Saint-Denis, Diocese of; Saint-Dié, Diocese of; Saint-Flour, Diocese of; Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Diocese of; Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de; Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism; Savary; Séez, Diocese of; Sens, Archdiocese and Councils of. GRANJON, HENRY R. M., S.T.D., PH.D., J.C.D., BISHOP OF TUCSON, ARIZONA: San Xavier del Bac, Mission of. GRATTAN-FLOOD, W. H., M.R.I.A., Mus.D., ROSEMOUNT, ENNISCORTHY, IRELAND: Ronan, GRIFFIN, PATRICK JOSEPH, O.S.M., CHICAGO, GRUBER, HERMANN, S.J., STELLA MATUTINA COLLEGE, FELDKIRCH, AUSTRIA: Rosicrucians. GULDNER, BENEDICT, S.J., ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA: Schmid, Christoph von. FRANÇON, A., NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA: Sieni, HAGEN, JOHN G., S.J., VATICAN OBSERVATORY, Cyril. FUENTES, VENTURA, B.A., M.D., INSTRUCTOR, COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK: Rojays Zorrilla, Francisco de; Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza, Juan de; Saavedra Remírez de Baquedano, Angel de; San Salvador. GANČEVIĆ, ANTHONY LAWRENCE, O.F.M., PH.D., S.T.D., FRANCISCAN COLLEGE, SINJ, GERARD, JOHN, S.J., F.L.S., LONDON: Roman GIETMANN, GERHARD, S.J., TEACHER OF CLASSICAL LANGUAGES AND ESTHETICS, ST. IGNATIUS COLLEGE, VALKENBURG, HOLLAND: Riemenschneider, Tillman; Robert of Luzarches; Rococo Style; Rumohr, Karl Friedrich; Sansovino, Andrea Contucci del; Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm; Schmidt, Friedrich von; Schraudolph, Johann; Schwanthaler, Ludwig von; Schwind, Moritz von; Seitz. Alexander Maximilian. vii ROME: Science and the Church. HANDLEY, MARIE LOUISE, NEW YORK: Robbia, Andrea della; Robbia, Luca di Simone della; Rovezzano, Benedetto da; Settignano, Desiderio da; Simone da Orsenigo. HANRAHAN, JOHN C., O.F.M., RECTOR, ST. ISIDORE'S COLLEGE, ROME: Saint Isidore, College of. HARRIS, WILLIAM RICHARD, S.T.D., LL.D., EDITOR OF "THE INTERMOUNTAIN CATHOLIC" SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH: Salt Lake, Diocese of. HARTIGAN, J. A., S.J., LITT.D., ORE PLACE, HASTINGS, ENGLAND: Saba and Sabeans. HASSETT, MGR. MAURICE M., S.T.D., HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA: Rings: II. The Ring of the Fisherman; Scillium, Martyrs of. HEALY, JOHN, S.T.D., LL.D, M.R.I.A., ARCHBISHOP OF TUAM, SENATOR OF THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND: Ross, School of. HEALY, PATRICK J., S.T.D., ASSISTANT PRO- HECKMANN, FERDINAND, O.F.M., ST. Jo- HENNESSY, BROTHER PATRICK JEROME, HENRY, H.T., LITT.D., LL.D., RECTOR OF ROMAN HICKEY, DANIEL, I. C., B.A. (LONDON), NEW- 2 DIEVAL AND_MODERN CHURCH HISTORY, UN1— KAMPERS, FRANZ, PH.D., PROFESSOR OF MEVERSITY OF BRESLAU: Richer; Rudolph of Habsburg; Sigismund, King of Germany. KEILEY, JARVIS, M.A, GRANTWOOD, NEW JER- KELLY, BLANCHE M., NEW YORK: Sacristan, sub- KENDAL, JAMES, S.J., BULAWAYO, RHODESIA, KENNEDY, DANIEL J., O.P., S.T.M., PROFESSOR batarians; Sabbatarianism. HILGERS, JOSEPH, S.J., ROME: Sabbatine Privi- KIRSCH, MGR. JOHANN P., S.T.D., PROFESSOR lege; Scapular; Simon Stock, Saint. HOEBER, KARL, PH.D., EDITOR, "VOLKSZEI- HOWLEY, MICHAEL FRANCIS, ARCHBISHOP OF HUDLESTON, GILBERT ROGER, O.S.B., DownSIDE ABBEY, BATH, ENGLAND: Richard de Wyche, Saint; Richard Fetherston, Blessed; Richard Whiting, Blessed; Roberts, John, Venerable; Saint Albans, Abbey of; Saint Ouen, Abbey of; Samson, Saint; Scriptorium; Sigebert, Saint. HULL, ERNEST R., S.J., EDITOR OF "THE EX- M.A., HUONDER, ANTHONY, S.J., ST. IGNATIUS COL- ISIDORE, BROTHER, PROVINCIAL OF THE XAVER IAN BROTHERS, MOUNT SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE, JONES, W. A., O.S.A., S.T.D., BISHOP OF PORTO JOYCE, GEORGE HAYWARD, S.J., M.A. (Oxon.), OF PATROLOGY AND CHRISTIAN ARCHEOLOGY, KLEINSCHMIDT, BEDA, O.F.M., BONN, GER- MANY: Sepolcro, Piero da; Sculpture: In England. KRIEHN, GEORGE, B.A., PH.D., NEW YORK: San LAUCHERT, FRIEDRICH, PH.D., AACHEN: Rolfus, Hermann; Sambuga, Joseph Anton; Schäzler, Constantine, Baron von; Scherer-Boccard, Theodore, Count von; Seckau, Diocese of. LECLERCQ, HENRI, O.S.B., LONDON: Sacramentals. LEDUC, HIPPOLYTE, O.M.I., VICAR-GENERAL OF LEHMKUHL, AUGUSTINUS, S.J., ST. IGNATIUS LEJAY, PAUL, FELLOW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LENNOX, PATRICK JOSEPH, B.A., PROFESSOR viii |