concerning declaration of blockade, 332; concerning notification of blockade, 333; concerning cessation of blockade, 334; concerning vio- lation of blockade, 335; rules of, concerning the doctrine of con- tinuous voyages, 340; concluded, 345.
Declaration of Paris, agreed to by the United States, 40; provisions of, 256, 266, 267, 314, 315, 331; form of, 256.
Declaration of war, 235, 236. Declarations, defined, 204, 215. Definition of international law, 3; of a state, 45; of neutralized states, 58; of corporations, 60; insurgents, 63; belligerents, 65; jurisdiction, 107; territorial domain, etc., 107; pre- scription, 111; nationality, 130; diplomacy, 161; treaties, 203; non- hostile redress, 225; retorsion, 226; reprisals, 226; embargo, 227; pa- cific blockade, 228; war, 235; con- tributions, 250; requisitions, 250; booty, 251; belligerent occupation, 261; prisoners of war, 273; cartel, 276; cartel ship, 276; license to trade, 277; capitulation, 279; neu- trality, 287; neutralization, 287; contraband of war, 315; unneutral service, 321; convoy, 329; block- ade, 330; prize, 341.
de Martens, G. F., writer, 34, 93, 148.
Denmark, intervention in affairs of,
88; jurisdiction of, over Danish Sound and Two Belts, 118. Denunciation of treaties, 217-219. Destruction of prize, 270, 328. Devastation forbidden in war, 265. Diplomatic agents, exemptions of, 144; laws as to, 157-199.
Diplomatic negotiation as a means of settling disputes, 221. Diplomatic papers. See State Papers. Diplomatic relations, breaking off of, 178-180.
Eastern and non-Christian states,
powers of consuls in, 196.
East India Company, powers of, 61. Educational institutions, exemption of, 247, 248.
Egypt, relations of, to Great Powers, 100; mixed courts of, 148. Embargo, defined, 227. Enemy merchant ships, status of, 227; Hague Convention as to, 254. "Enemy's ships, enemy's goods," doctrine of, 21, 312.
Enemy subjects, status of, 244, 245. English orders in council of 1806 and 1807, 331.
Enlistment of troops for belligerent
Envoys. See Ambassadors, Diplo- matic Agents.
Equality of states, 74, 97-101. Equity, a basis of international law,
Estuaries, as affecting jurisdiction, 117.
Exchange, as a means of acquiring territory, 110; of prisoners of war, 274-276.
Exequatur, form of, 193; what it re- lates to, 192 et seq.
Exploration, exemption of vessels en- gaged in, 253.
Exterritoriality, what it is, 141, 142, 182.
Extradition, law as to, 148–152.
Forbidden methods in war, 263–265. Foreign-born subjects, jurisdiction over, 131-133.
Foreign Enlistment Act of Great Britain, 292.
France, recognition of republic of, 50-52; relation of, to balance of power, 91; one of the Great Powers, 98; friendship of, with Russia, 101; sale of territory to, by Monaco, 111; by Sweden, 111; partition of Africa by, 100, 112-114; jurisdic- tion of, over certain gulfs, 117; treaty of, with England as to en- closed waters, 117; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 119, 120; jurisdiction over foreign merchant- men within her ports, 128, 129; as to foreign-born subjects, 132; mar- riage, 133; naturalization, 135; sale of forests of, by Prussians, 272; termination of wars of, 282; rela- tions of, to neutrality and neutral- ization, 290-292; citizens of, on expedition during Franco-German War, 298; views of, as to horses as contraband, 317.
Freedom of commerce and naviga- tion, 28.
"Free ships, free goods," doctrine of, 256, 287, 312 et seq.
Gallatin, Minister, liability of serv- ant of, to local jurisdiction, 184, 185.
Garfield, President, testimony of for- eign minister at trial of assassin of, 184.
Genêt, M., action of, as to privateers in the United States, 291; consular prize courts of, 341.
Geneva Arbitration, treaty as to, 208, 209; the Alabama case at the, 307.
Geneva Convention, revision of pro- visions of, 25, 26; as laying down new rules, 39; sick and wounded under, 274, 289; of 1906, 289. Gentilis, writer on International Law, 3, 31, 32, 233, 290, 315. Germany, Confederation, 57; differ- ence of, with Venezuela, 85; one of the Great Powers, 98; a party to the Triple Alliance, 101; partition of Africa by, 113; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 119, 120; juris- diction of, over foreign-born sub- jects, 131, 133; over subjects resid- ing abroad, 133; citizens of, in China, 139; volunteer navy of, 266, 267; sale of French forests by, 272; attitude of, as to neutrality, 292; law of, as to prize money, 344. Gift, as a means of acquiring terri- tory, 110.
Good offices, settlement of disputes by resorting to, 221.
Government of armies of United States, 349 et seq.
Grant, President, recognition of France by, 51; proclamation of, as to belligerent vessels leaving United States ports, 301, 302. Great Britain, diplomatic papers of, 42; protectorates of, 59; power of, over various companies, 60-62; recognition of belligerency by, 66; relations of, to treaty of Utrecht, 82; difference of, with Venezuela, 85; intervention of, in affairs of Denmark, 88; relation of, to bal-
ance of power, 91; one of the Great Powers, 98; attitude of, at the congress of Troppau, 99; Verona, 99; cession of "Horse-shoe Reef" by, to United States, 110; sale of territory to, by Netherlands, 111; partition of Africa by, 113; treaty of, with France as to enclosed waters, 117; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 119, 120; attitude of, as to the three-mile limit, 121, 122; treaties of, as to Canadian fisher- ies, 122-125; Bering Sea, 124, 125; territorial waters jurisdiction act of, 128; jurisdiction of, over foreign- born subjects, 132; attitude of, as to naturalization, 135; jurisdiction of, over aliens, 138; immunities of diplomatic agents of, 184; protec- torate of, over Ionian Islands, 217; war of, with the Transvaal, 234; volunteer navy of, 267; guaranty of, as to Suez Canal, 289; neutrality laws of, 292, 293; attitude of, as to Terceira affair, 297, 298; Alabama case, 307; contraband, 318; convoy, 329; blockade, 331 et seq.; contin- uous voyages, 336-340; law of, as to prize money, 344.
Great Lakes, regarded as "high seas," 117.
Great Powers, enumeration of, 98; policy of, 98-101.
Greece, in early international law, 13; recognition of, 49; interven- tion in affairs of, 92, 214; attitude of Great Powers as to, 99, 100, 289; recall of citizens by, 138; pacific blockade of, 228; volunteer navy of, 267.
Gregory IX, relations of, to canon law, 9, 15.
Grotius, Hugo, writer, 3, 19, 31, 32, 41, 215, 244, 315, 316. Guaranty, treaties of, 214; as to canals, 289.
Guerrilla troops, status of, 243. Guidon de la Mar. See Sea Laws. Gulfs, as affecting jurisdiction, 117.
Hague Conference, First, 24-27, 238. Hague Conference, Second, rules in regard to commencement of war, 234, 235; convention of, in regard to the laws and customs of war, 238; provisions of, in regard to public property of the enemy, 247; in re- gard to personal property of enemy subjects, 249; in regard to enemy merchant ships, 254; relative to sub- marine cables, 258; relative to wire- less telegraphy, 259; relative to belligerent occupation, 261; forbid- ding laying of contact mines, 265; provisions as to exemption of pri- vate property at sea, 269; flag of truce, 275; in regard to neutral ter- ritorial jurisdiction, 295; in regard to regulations by a neutral for bel- ligerent ships, 297; provisions for in- ternment in a neutral port, 299-300; regulations concerning ordinary en- try of belligerent vessels, 300; in regard to vessels with prize, 303; in regard to supplying and fitting out belligerent vessels, 307; and list of absolute contraband, 318; concern- ing inviolability of postal corre- spondence, 327; the International Prize Court, 344, 345.
Hall, William Edward, writer, 28, 34, 87, 142, 156, 182, 195, 278, 298, 304. Hanseatic League, treaty of, as to tolls, 118. See Sea Laws. Harbors, neutrality of, 296, 297. Harcourt, Sir W., writer, 89. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 120. Heffter, writer, 93.
"Hinterland Doctrine," 109, 114. Historical collections, exemption of, 255, 256.
Holy Alliance, relations of, to Monroe Doctrine, 83; to intervention, 92; opposition of, to popular liberty, 99. Horses, as contraband of war, 317. Hospital flag, use of, 264. Hospital ships, 253, 290.
Hostages, when last given, 9 n.; in case of ransom, 270.
Hostile destination for contraband,
319. Hostile vessels, departure of, from neutral port, 300. Hostilities, commencement of, 233 et seq.; participation in, 322. Humanity,
intervention on the
ground of, 91-93. Hungary, jurisdiction of, over for- eign-born subjects, 131, 132.
Immunities and privileges of diplo- matic agents, 180 et seq.; of consuls, 189-199.
Independence of states, 81 et seq. Indians, suzerainty of United States over, 60; extinguishment of title of, 109.
Individuals under international law, 62.
Inequalities among states, court prec- edence, 98; matters of ceremonial, 98; weight of influence, 98 et seq. Institute of international law, as to marine jurisdiction, 122; pacific blockade, 228.
Instructions for United States Armies, 30, 349 et seq.; to diplomatic agents, 169, 206.
Insurgents, who are, 63-65.
Intelligence, transmission of, 322. Intercourse of states, 75. International Commission of Inquiry, 222.
International law, definition and general scope of, 3-5; nature of, 6-11; historical development of, in early period, 13, 14; in middle period, 15-19; in modern period, 19-27; influence of United States, 27-31; writers, 31-34; sources of, practice and usage, 36; precedent and decisions, 36; treaties and state papers, 39, 40; text writers, 40-42; diplomatic papers, 42; states, defi- nition, 45; nature, 45, 46; recogni- tion of new, 47-54; legal persons having qualified status, members of confederations, etc., 57, 58; neutral-
ized states, 58; protectorates, suze- rainties, etc., 58-60; corporations, 60-62; individuals, 62; insurgents, 63-65; belligerents, 65-69; com- munities not fully civilized, 69, 70; general rights and obligations of states, existence, 73; independence, 73, 74; equality, 74; jurisdiction, 74; property, 75; intercourse, 75; existence, application of the right, 77, 78; extension of the right to subjects, 78, 79; independence, manner of exercise, 81; balance of power, 81-83; Monroe Doctrine, 83 et seq.; non-intervention, 87; prac- tice as to intervention, 88 et seq.; equality, in general, 97; inequalities, 97-101; jurisdiction, in general, 107; domain, 107, 108; method of ac- quisition, 108-112; qualified, 112- 114; maritime and fluvial, 114; rivers, 114-116; navigation of riv- ers, 116, 117; enclosed waters, 117, 121; the three-mile limit, 121, 122; fisheries, 122-125; vessels, 125– 129; aërial jurisdiction, 129; per- sonal, general-nationality, 130; natural-born subjects, 131; foreign- born subjects, 131-133; acquired nationality, 131 et seq.; jurisdiction over aliens, 138-140; exemptions from jurisdiction, 141, 142; sover- eigns, 142, 143; state officers and property, 144-146; special exemp- tions, 146-148; extradition, 148 et seq.; servitudes, 152, 153; property in general, 155; of the state, 156; diplomacy and international rela- tions in time of peace, general de- velopment, 159; diplomatic agents, 160 et seq.; suite, 166; who may send diplomatic agents, 167; who may be sent, 168; credentials, instruc- tions, passport, 169-171; ceremo- nial, 171-175; functions, 176, 177; termination of mission, 178-180; immunities and privileges, 180 et seq.; diplomatic practice of the United States, 187-189; consuls,
189-200; treaties, definition, 203; other forms of international agree- ments, 203-206; negotiation of, 206-213; validity of, 213; classifica- tion of, 214, 215; interpretation of, 215-217; termination of, 217-219; amicable settlement of disputes, 221 et seq.; non-hostile redress, 225; retorsion, 226; reprisals, 226; em- bargo, 227; pacific blockade, 228- 230; war, definition, 233; com- mencement, 233; declaration, 235; object, 236, 237; general effects, 238; status of persons in war, per- sons affected by war, 241; com- batants, 241-243; non-combatants, 243-245; status of property on land, public property of the enemy, 247, 248; real property of enemy subjects, 248; personal property of enemy subjects, 249- 251; status of property at sea, vessels, 253-255; goods, 255, 256; submarine telegraphic cables, 256- 258; wireless telegraphy, 258-259; conduct of hostilities, bellig- erent occupation, 261-263; forbid- den methods, 263-265; privateers, 265, 266; volunteer and auxiliary navy, 266, 268; capture and ran- som, 268-271; postliminium, 271, 272; prisoners and their treatment, 273, 275; non-hostile relations of belligerents, 275-279; termination of war, methods of, 281; by con- quest, 281; by cessation of hos- tilities, 282; treaty of peace, 282- 284; definition of neutrality, 287; forms of neutrality and of neutral- ization, 287-290; history, 290–292; declaration, 292, 293; divisions, 293; relations of neutral states and belligerent states, general principles of the relations between states, 295; neutral territorial jurisdiction, 295-298; regulations of neutral re- lations, 298-303; no direct assist- ance by neutral, 304, 305; positive obligations of a neutral state, 306-
308; neutral relations between states and individuals, 311-315; contraband, 315-319; penalty for carrying contraband, 319-321; un- neutral service, 321-325; visit and search, 325-329; convoy, 329, 330; blockade, 330-335; violation of blockade, 335-336; continuous voy- ages, 336-340; prize and prize courts, 341-345.
Internment of belligerent troops, 274, 295, 296, 299.
Interpretation of treaties, 215–217. Intervention in affairs of other na-
Ionian Islands, protectorate of, 22, 217.
Islands, title to, when formed in rivers, 112.
Isolation of the United States, effect of, 49.
Italy, attitude toward the United States on question of sovereign po- litical unity, 78; one of the Great Powers, 98; relation of, to the Triple Alliance, 101; partition of Africa by, 113; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 119-120.
Jackson, President, attitude of, as to the Falkland Islands, 51. Japan, recognition of, 48; jurisdiction of, over aliens, 139; freedom of Emperor of, from suit, 143; treaty of United States with, as to consu- lar functions, 196; termination of treaty of, with China, 217; prize law of, 254, 327; treaty of peace of, with China, 283; attitude of, as to convoy, 329.
Jettison of cargo, 13. Jurisdiction of states, 74, 107 et seq.;
of diplomatic agents, 180 et seq.; of consuls, 189-199; over non-com- batants, 243; neutral territorial, 295; in case of blockade, 330-335; as to prize courts, 341. See Inter- national Law.
Jus belli, early international law, 13.
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