bers."-Declaration of the King dated from St. || propose a law on the subject of divorce. ResoOuen, May 2, 1814-"The representative govern-lution of the Chamber of Deputies, relative to the ment shall be divided into two corps."-Consti- suppression of pensions of married Priests, adopttutional Charter, Art. 15-"The legislative pow-ed by the Chamber of Peers.

er is exercised collectively by the King, the Chamber of Peers, and the Chamber of Deputies of departments.'

33

(3) Reply of his Royal Highness Monsieur, to Senate: No individual shall be disturbed for his opinions and votes." Declaration of the King, dated St. Ouen:-"No individual can be called to account for his opinions and votes." Constitutional Charter, Art. 11:-All prosecutions for opinions and votes expressed up to the restoration are interdicted. The same oblivion is commanded to tribunals and to citizens." Opinion of de Villele on the Budget of 1816;—“ Let us raise a wall of brass between the past and the future; but let us get out of the ruts of the revolution, never to enter them again."

(12) Reply of his Royal Highness Monsieur to the Senate, and Declaration of St. Ouen:-" The liberty of the press shall be respected, saving the restrictions necessary to public order and tranquility." Constitutional Charter, Art. 8-"Frenchmen have the right of printing and publishing their opinions, while they conform to the laws which must repress the abuses of that liberty." (13) Opinion of Count de Rouge on the Budget of 1816-Bulletin of the Chamber, 215.

(14) Proposal made by M. Nicholas Rolland, tending to restore to all the Chambers of Commerce their old powers-Bulletin of the Chamber of Deputies, No. 211.

(15) Opinion of Count de Rouge on the Budget of 1816.

(4) Reply of his Royal Highness Monsieur to (16) Proclamation of Cambray:-"The unity the Senate:"The public debt shall be guaran- of the Ministry is the strongest guarantee of the teed; pensions, ranks, military honours shall be Charter that I can offer mean that it exist, and preserved, as well as the old and new noblessc.that the frank and secure march of my council The Legion of Honour is maintained." Constitu. should guarantee all interests and calm all inqui etudes." tional Charter, Art. 69;-" The military in active service, the officers and soldiers on half-pay, the widows of officers and soldiers with pensions, shall retain their ranks, honours and pensions." Art. 70: The public debt is guaranteed. Eve. ry kind of engagement entered into between the State and its creditors is inviolable." Art. 71:— "The old nobility resume their titles, the new retain theirs." Art. 72:-"The Legion of Honour is maintained."

THE WAR IN SOUTH AMERICA. GEN. MORILLO'S HEAD QUARTERS, Santa Fe, 22d July, 1816. Names of the principal heads of the rebellion, in the Kingdom of New Granada, tried by the permanent Council of War, and executed on the days here mentioned.

5th June, 1816.-Antonio Villavicencio, was a cap(5) Constitutional Charter, Art. 71;-" The King makes Nobles at pleasure, but he grants || tain of a frigate in the royal armada, and a royal them only honours and ranks, without any exemp-commissioner for the pacification of these countion from the charges and duties of society."

(6) Reply of Monsieur to the Senate, and Declaration of the King, dated St. Ouen:-" Liberty of worship shall be guaranteed." Constitutional Charter, Art, 5-"Every one professes his religion with equal liberty, and obtains for his worship the same protection."

(7) Reply of his Royal Highness Monsieur to the Senate, and Declaration of the King, dated St. Ouen :" Estates shall be sacred and inviolable; the sale of national property shall be irrevocable." Constitutional Charter, Art 9-" All estates are inviolable, without any exception of such as are called national, the law not placing any distinction between them." Proclamation of Cambray "If the purchasers of national domains have felt alarms, the starter should have sufficed to reassure them."

tries. He abused his trust, fomented parties and became a fanatic in support of independence. He was a member of the congress, of the executive power, of the council of war, general in chief of the army of reserve, and governor of the previnces of Tunja and Mariquita; ultimately made prisoner at Honda. He was degraded according to the royal ordinances, put to the sword, and his property confiscated.

19th June.-Ignacio Vargas-was a member of the electoral college of this province, legislator, senator, It. gov. of the province, voter, and afterwards of the tribunal of vigilance; as a judge he persecuted and punished with great cruelty all those who were faithful to the king. His property was confiscated, and he was put to the sword.

Jose de la Cruz Contreras-was captain under (8) Constitutional Charter, Art, 66:"The pethe rebel government, commandant of Nare and nalty of confiscation of property is abolished, and Angostura, where he fought the king's squadron that attacked him; and formed several compacan never be re-established." (9) Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies of nies to resist the troops of his majesty, treating the 15th Jan. 1816, respecting donations which the people with the greatest tyranny. He was the clergy might receive; adopted by the Cham-put to the sword, and his property confiscated. ber of Peers the 5th March.

Jose Maria Carbonell--was the first president (10) Ordinance of the King, dated 29th Fe-of the tumultuary junta; put the viceroy Amar bruary, 1816, relative to primary schools-Moniteur, March 6, 1816. Proposition of M. de St. Romain, relative to the melioration of public instruction, presented the 31st Jan. 1816-Moniteur of the 1st and 3d Feb.

(11) Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies, dated 24 March, 1816, adopted by the Chamber|| of Peers the 19th, tending to request the King to

in irons, and sent him to prison; instigated the people to insult the viceroy, chief minister of the treasury; a bitter persecutor of the friends of the king; and one of the most perverse and cruel that has distinguished himself among the traitors. He was hung and his property confiscated.

Jose Raymon de Leyva-Lieutenant colonel and

Pedro La Lastra-was employed by the king; was one of the principal rioters of the kingdom, accountant of the tribunal of accounts; had in his custody his excellency the viceroy, went to North America to procure arms to support the cause of independence. Was put to the sword, and his property confiscated.

secretary to his excellency the vice king of Amar; one of the promoters of the rebellion, and perse. cuted his chief in the principal commotions; made colonel by the rebels, commanded several expeditions against the armies of the king, and for his battles with them was promoted to be a brigadier general. He was degraded and put to the sword. 6th July-Crisanto Valenzuela-was fiscal agent of a hall of justice established in this capital; secretary to the first congress, secretary to the senate, member of the electoral college, secretary of the deputation of the second congress, secretary of state and of foreign affairs, under the general government, counsellor, and author of an infinite number of seditious papers. He was puttrary to the Christian morals and the rights of their

to the sword, and his property confiscated.

Migcuel Pombo--was a lawyer of the ancient royal audience; was in the first tumultuary junta, a deputy to the lieut. governor of the capital, author of many revolutionary writings, which contained heretical and seditious maxims of constitutions for the state, and was one of the most tenacious and constant supporters of independence, and of the enemies of the King. Was put to the sword and his property confiscated.

Francis Xavier Garcia Evia-was a lawyer of the royal audience, and administrator of the salt works of Zipaguira. During the rebellion he was governor of this province, member of the congress, resident judge; and, being governor of Cundinamarca, made a considerable donation to aid in the defence of Carthagena, besieged by the king's troops.-Was put to the sword and his property confiscated.

Jorge Tadeo Lozano-was an officer of the Spanish guards; was one of the first to dispossess the legitimate authority: commanded a force raised at that time; was a member of the electoral college, president of the executive power in this province, became a rebel brigadier, a deputy to the congress, author of various papers, among them one called the spectacles, by means of which he supported independence, and declared himself an absolute enemy of the king. Was put to the sword, and his property confiscated.

Emigdio Benites-a lawyer of the ancient royal audience; first among the traitors, member of the junta in 1810, deputy to Congress, member of another junta called the general government, instituted to judge the military; one of the most exalted in the cause of independence. Was put to the sword, and his property confiscated.

Jose Gregorio Gutierrez-a lawyer, member of the tribunal of the chamber of government, of the chamber of appeals, of the court of high justice, president of said tribunals, of the tribunal of pub lic safety or of vigilance, representative of various towns in the electoral colleges, president of the college of high justice, and a great supporter of independence. Was put to the sword, and his property confiscated.

20th July.-Antonio Baraya-was a captain for the king in the auxiliary regiment of Santa Fe. He caused much blood to be shed, and was one of those who contributed most to the revolution; was a general of division in the rebel government: was in many actions against the army of the king; formed plans of warfare, and obtained the principal offices of that government. Was degraded, his property confiscated, and he was put to the sword, because of no executioner to hang him.

Then follow the names of fifty eight republi cans, civil and military, who have filled the principal offices under the independent government, and are held prisoners, and are under trial, (all of whom will probably be condemned to death.). Also, fifty ecclesiastics of all classes, who sow. ed discord by their example and preaching con

sovereign, some of them having held the highest employments under the independent government Also, many others under arrest in the provinces of Socoro and Tunja.

They are all to be judged by a tribunal called the council of purification, and will be tried and sentenced according to their merits.

COMMERCE OF NORFOLK.

An intelligent and observing friend has politely furnished us, (says the Norfolk Beacon) with the following memorandum of vessels entered at the Custom House of this port, from Nov. 6, 1816We consider this an important document, as it goes to show the respectable station which Norfolk holds among the commercial cities of the U. States. With this view we shall frequently, hereafter, notice in a particular manner, the entries from foreign and other ports, specifying the nature and value of their cargoes, as nearly as they can be ascertained.

By an arrival at New-York, from Havre, France, Paris dates to the 3d of October, and Londen to the 23d of September have been received. Mr. Wilks, who came passenger in the Rubicon, is said to be the bearer of despatches from our mi nister in France to the Secretary of State.

The plague.-The plague is said to have broken out in two villages on the island of Cephalonia.

Coburg Theatre-The corner stone of a new theatre, to be called the Coburg Theatre, was laid about the middle of September. It is situated in Lambeth Marsh.

Munich-grain of all sorts rem
prices.

Iron pavement.-A new sort of road way has been commenced on the Surrey side, at the foot of Blackfriars Bridge. It consists of cast iron The Holy Alliance.-The King o squares, in the form of paving stones. A stra-said, has acceded to the Holy Allianc tum of gravel is laid upon the iron work, which the 26th September, 1815, by an act is intended to form a hard foundation. It is not 14th of July last. The only powers who known what effect the iron will produce when it known to have acceded to the holy alliance comes in contact with the horses shoes in frosty key out of the question) are England, (who be authorized by parliament) Portugal, Spain, à the Italian States.

weather.

Congo expedition.-Despatches have been received in London from Captain Tuckey, of the Congo, dated the 11th April, from Porta Praya: all in high spirits; not a man on the sick list. Capt. Tuckey expected to reach the river Congo about the middle of May; and if so, interesting intelligence may be expected shortly.

Claims on Napico The English journalists indulge in speculations on the subject of the adjustment of our claims upon Naples. At one time they assign us the Ionion Isles as a compensation, at another our claim is to be paid in the precious metals. They first say our fleet is about to bombard the city, and then the arrangement has been easily effected; but anon the story of our claims having been settled, proves to be premature. Our last account is, that we are likely to be easily satisfied, being content to accept of the little desert island of Lampedosa, only 12 miles in circumference, and situated 50 miles from Tunis: they say it possesses a good harbour, and is therefore desirable for the Americans. The value of || it cannot govern the Napolitans in its surrender, as they are under the protection of the allies, therefore dare not admit any new power into the Mediterranian without first obtaining leave. They further add, that "it is the place where the Napolitan government send their convicts-but the Americans are not nice as to neighbourhood. What a pity it is that we are not so refined and delicate as the English!

Bullion.-The English papers say that bullion, to the amount of a million per week, continues to be imported into that country.

Decapitation. In the late attack on Algiers, it is said that the Dey thought proper to decapitate some of his officers for the want of judgment, upon the principle, that a head without brains was of little use.

Wirtemberg dispute.-The dispute between the King of Wirtemberg and the Assembly of the States is said, by dates up to the 11th of Septem- || ber, to be growing every day more serious; and an entire dissolution of the latter was apprehended.

Absolution not be granted for fashionable sins.A mandament is said to have been lately addressed to confessors at Naples, containing a list of sins for which they are not to grant absolution, and which is to be reserved for the Archbishop. Among the number is the horrible sin of wearing tight breeches. Not only the wearer, but the taylor who makes them, and the merchant who sells them, are proscribed. The ladies, it seems, commit a sin which none but the Archbishop can pardon, who display their bosoms to advantage, wear their arms naked above the elbow, or wear tight petticoats, so as to offend modesty by exposing the natural shape of their limbs.

The harvest.-Most deplorable accounts continue to be received from the continent of the deficiency of the harvest. The people are said to be seriously alarmed with fear of a famine at

Election in France-The Minister of Police has

addressed a circular to the Prefects respecting the new election, in which he recommends that no arbitrary exclusions be made, but that every man whom the law has not deprived of the privilege of voting, be called to exercise his political and civil right; to admonish the Electors and Magistrates to be at their posts, and do their duty; to use all diligence to strip the mask from intrigue and party spirit; to direct the voters in the right road; to prevent animadversion upon any of the acts eminating from the royal authority. They are directed to see that the lectors enjoy every freedom in the exercise of their rights. All riotous meetings near the college of election is expressly prohibited.

Chauteaubrand's Works.-The public are already informed that the two first editions of the work of Viscount de Chauteaubrand had been seized; it is now stated that each of the editions will be the subject of a law suit; the first for an infringement of the formalities prescribed by the law; the second for the nature of the work itself. Chauteaubrand is as unfortunate under Louis as he was under Bonaparte-he wrote for and against both. The Aurora says there are many little Chateaubrands among us. No person, it is hoped, will suspect the editor of the Aurora of being one of them.

English vs. Saxony.-British manufactured goods put up to auction at the Frankfort fair have been sold to Jews at a very low price; those manufactured in Saxony and Switzerland were bought up at much higher prices.

New French Legislature.-We find, says the London Courier, that the candidates sent by the colleges of the Seine districts (including of course Paris), are for the most part men who have been of the party of the revolution, Bonapartists.

The Jews.-The subject of the Jews and their expected Messiah, seems to occupy some attention in Europe. It is now agreed that they amount to more than thirteen millions, spread over Europe. When they are collected together, they will make a strong and powerful kingdom. The English papers say that it would need another kind of miracle than the opening of the Red Sea to enable them to assemble at or near Jeru salem, and for that country to furnish them with lambs for the passover, &c. The rights of the Jews have caused some debates of a political nature, and it is now conjectured by some of the dreaming politicians at Frankfort, that the person who styles himself the "New Messiah," is a Frenchman in disguise.

Christian slavery.-The British ambassador at the court of Madrid, has informed the King that Lord Exmouth had obtained the restoration of 162 Spaniards from Algerine slavery.

A Paris paper says that the Dey of Algiers has in his service 4480 Europeans, including 74 officers.

British Navy.-The amount of the British naval force is said to be 618 vessels, of which there

39.

are in commission 207-in ordinary and repairing
for service 378-building 33.

[No. 12.

teen directors and a cashier for each of these branches.

In our next we shall publish the charges and spe cifications, and the decision of the court, with the general order.

Torture of the wheel. The king of Sardinia has restored the punishment of breaking on the convened in New-York for the trial of Major GeCourt Martial.-The court martial that wa wheel, and the inhabitants of Turin had lately || neral Gaines, have heard the several charges and exhibited to them the spectacle of a miserable specifications alledged against him, and have ho. wretch expiating his crimes by the lengthened norably acquitted him on every point. The deci torments of that most cruel punishment. By an arrival from Palermo at New-York, we dent, and General Gaines, by a general order, has sion of the court has been approved by the Presi learn the American squadron of eight sail, under been directed to assume the command of the east. commodore Chauncey, had left Naples for Messi-ern section of the southern division of the army, na. Mr. Pinkney had closed his negotiations at Naples, and proceeded on his mission to Russia. Nothing is known with certainty as to the result of his negotiation-many conjectures are afloat on the subject. It is reported that one of our officers on board the squadron had died; his name is not given; probably it is capt. Gordon, as he has been a long time sick. The crops of grain in Sicily are said to be very abundant and very fine. The ast accounts from England represent the crops in England to be one third less than usual. It expected that an order of council would issue on the 15th November, for opening the ports of that kingdom to the free admission of grain, flour and bread stuffs generally. Flour is said to be worth $14 50 per barrel.

pointed by the President of the United States, Appointment.-Adam Cook, Esq. has been ap surveyor and inspector of the part of Fredericks burg, in place of A. M'Williams, deceased.

his Exequator to JOAQUIN JOZE VASQUES, jr. Esq The President of the United States has granted of New-York, as Consul General of the kingdom of Portugal.

Minister to our government, has been recalled by Russian Minister.-Mr. Dashcoff, the Russian his sovereign. No particular reason for the change in the Russian diplomacy has been publicly a signed.

The subject of Exmouth's achievement at Algiers continues to occupy the public attention-Minister at Madrid has not succeeded in obtain Our Minister at Madrid.-We hear that our small circumstances and anecdotes are retailed by ing any one object of his mission, and that all his the London editors. In Spain great rejoicings are remonstrances relative to Mr. Meade, &c. have held in honor of the new Queen.-This reminds us been unavailing. of children, who to amuse themselves, dress and decorate their dolls, and entertain themselves with parade and show-Large as well as small children will have their dolls and play-things.

In Russia the army is reducing to a peace establishment. The Princess Charlotte, who was sought in marriage by the Emperor of Austria, was previously betrothed to the son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany-she supposing it more honorable to marry an old fusty Emperor, than the son of a duke, has joined the Emperor in a request to the duke's son, to renounce his claim.

DOMESTIC SUMMARY.

considerably excited by the appointment of John In Kentucky the public mind appears to be Pope, Esq. to be Secretary of State. The pens rally slaughter-ed the acting Governor, without of the editors and newspaper writers have litedrawing one drop of blood-they protest against, the establishment of Pope-ry in that State.

resigned his seat. Mr. Mayrant, a representa John Taylor, Senator from South Carolina, has tive from the same State, resigned his seat in the 14th Congress as soon as he ascertained he was not elected to the 15th. The papers from Massachusetts say that the federalists are loosing ground in that State. The hon. John Holmes, republican, Virginia Legislature.-The legislature of Vir- ist. Nathaniel Silsby, republican, has been elect has been elected in place of Cyrus King, federal. ginia commenced its session on the 11th inst. ined in the place of the hon. Timothy Pickering, conformity to the proclamation of the governor. federalist, resigned. Marcus Morton, Esq. reThe members, after being sworn in by the exe-publican, is elected in place of Laban Wheaton. cutive council, assembled in their respective places, and proceeded to organize themselves. Robert Stanard, Esq. of Spottsylvania, was elected Speaker of the House. William Munford, Esq. was elected Clerk, without opposition. Speaker laid before the house a communication from the governor, with sundry documents re-journed on Tuesday last, to meet again on the 24 The Legislature of the State of New-York adferred to. The communication was received too Tuesday in January next. late for this number; it will be given in our next. The Richmond Enquirer says, his excellency in tends to retire from office.

The hon. James Lloyd, Benjamin Adams, Sola mon Strong, Elijah H. Mills, and Samuel C. Allen, all federalists, are undoubtedly elected, si the democratic papers admit it. From the other The districts we have no certain returns.

the 15th of next month, the act which required the The Virginia Legislature has suspended, unti ment of specie on the 15th inst. United State chartered banks of that State to resume the pay. Bank Stock is said to have risen in Philadelphia 25 per cent. on the amount paid in.

ERRATUM.

United States Bank.-The directors have fixed the salaries of the president and cashier of the United States Bank at $5,000 per annum. They have also determined to establish branches at the following places: Boston, Povidence, R. I. Middletown, Con. New-York, Baltimore, Richmond, ror occurred in the list of the directors of the In part of the edition of our last number, an er Charleston, and New-Orleans, Lexington, K. Chi- United States Bank. The name of John Doed licothe, O.; all to go into operation as soon as the necessary preparations can be made. Mon-deralists, and John Goodard in that of the dean day the 25th inst is fixed upon to elect thir. "crats. They ought to change places. was put in the first column in the list of the Fe

NO. 13. VOL. II.] WASHINGTON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1816. [WHOLE No. 39.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY JOEL K. MEAD, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.

SOUTH-AMERICA.

moral and unjust. I deem it unnecessary to demonstrate the right, founded on the laws of naThe following communication, in continuation of ture and nations, that every state has to make one published a few weeks ago in our Register, itself free and independent, because I présume we present to the public. As the subject of no one will dispute it. If this right is a natuour differences with Spain will, no doubt, come ||ral and political right, we do no wrong in caus before congress at the ensuing session, the pre-ing it to be acknowledged; or rather, to speak sent is perhaps a proper time for its discus-affirmatively, we are doing right when we lend sion; and our pages are open for arguments on either side.

MR. MEAD,

For the National Register.

our assistance to promote it. We should not violate any of the laws of nations by entering into an alliance with South-America, and giving them our assistance. "A sovereign or state," says Martin," may be obliged to join his forces to those of another power, sometimes in fulfilment of his treaties of alliance, and sometimes in consequence of a particular connection existing be

I endeavoured, in a few desultory observations I made a short time ago, to point out some of the advantages that would result to this country from assisting the patriotic cause in South-America. As my remarks were necessarily very succinct,tween them, or he may do it from his own choice. and as the subject has come generally before the public, I will endeavour now to exhibit more at large those advantages I before but cursoril; enumerated.

In none of these cases does he act against the law of nations, if the cause he espouses be not unjust." There is another consideration that must not be omitted; and setting aside the propriety and right of a voluntary alliance with the patriots of South-America, I contend that there exists at present a justifiable cause of war with Spain. The case of Mr. Meade at Cadiz, the encouragement Spain has given the enemies of this country, flagrento bello, the corruption and brib

to induce them to sow dissentions and discord in the United States, her conduct at Valparaiso, and last, though not least, the affair of the Firebrand, would to any other nation be a sufficient cause of war, and would justify immediate hostilities. These reasons will, I presume, be sufficient to show the justice of lending our assist

This subject must be considered, first, on the ground of political justice; and second, on that of interest, which seems to be the great moving power among nations, as well as individuals. contended before, that as we had been assisted in our revolutionary struggles by France, when in a similar condition, it becomes us to give our aidery she has attempted to practise on our citizens to a sister nation contending for those liberties and political privileges we so eminently enjoy. In religion and morals we are under an obligation to aid the weak, to promote the cause of virtue, and to contribute to the happiness of our neighbours: This also applies to nations. "The first general law," says Vattel, "which the end itself of the society of nations discovers, is, that each nation ought to contribute to the happiness and perfection of others, as far as it is in its power." No one will say, that the adoption of a free constitu-government in that continent, which, by our aid, tion and the establishment of a free government in South-America would not contribute to this end. The highest degree of happiness society can experience consists in being permitted to do whatever its members please, consistently with the laws which they themselves have enacted.+ This degree of happiness it is in the power of this country now to afford their South-American brethren; and coldly to refrain from contributing to the accomplishment of so desirable an object

I would, I conceive, not only be unnatural, but im

ance to the South-Americans: It now rests with me to point out some of the advantages that would result from the establishment of an independent

might be easily effected. From the nature of our government and institutions, we are regarded by the patriots as their natural friends; and from us they anticipate that assistance which a nation contending for the same political principles, and having an intimate geographical connection, has a right to expect. If we withhold or refuse our aid, the result will be, that they will lose that sympathy they now feel, and transfer their pretion less phlegmatic and indifferent—and what sent attachment and respect to some other na

should we lose by this! The United States will

* Martin's Law of Nations.

1