P. J. F. GANTILLON.

JOB XXX. 18 (5th S. xii. 106.)—This verse is sometimes rendered thus: My disease seizes me as a strong armed man; it has throttled me, and cast me in the mud." Perhaps MR. MARSHALL will kindly tell us whether the Hebrew will bear such an interpretation.

JOHN CHUCHILL SIKES. Godolphin Road, Shepherd's Bush, W.

A DEED OF DENIZATION (5th S. xii. 108.)Wassenburgh is some twenty-five English geographical miles nearly due west of Düsseldorf. The town lies near the river Roer, just inside Rhenish Prussia, and just outside modern Belgium. The duchy of "Gulick " is the old duchy of Juliers, of which, among others, one Colombe of Ravenstein, celebrated by Mrs. Browning in Colombe's Birthday, was duchess. ZERO.

"MODUS VIVENDI" (5th S. xii. 109.)-Dr. A. Littleton, in his dictionary, attributes this expression to Cicero, and translates it "bounds of life," and associates it with Terence's "Habere suæ vitæ modum," which he translates "To keep himself within compass," but unfortunately he lessens the value of his work by not giving references. He evidently understood Cicero's use of the expression to be near to our own, if not to anticipate it. This is justified by Cicero's use of modus in Verr., ii. 2, 48, "Modum aliquem et finem orationi facere," and in the following at the end of chap. xxix. in the first book of De Officiis, "Ludendi est etiam quidam modus retinendus, ut ne nimis omnia profundamus, elatique voluptate in aliquam turpitudinem delabamur."

JOSIAH MILLER, M.A.

THROWING THE OLD SHOE AFTER THE WEDDED PAIR (5th S. xii. 126.)—I am not quite sure that the "old" shoe is intended as any augury at all. If the act could be rendered into language I should be inclined to think it would be something like this, “I would you may both live so long as to be as well worn as this old shoe." In the case of a marriage celebrated on the Scottish border not long ago there was surreptitiously fastened to the hinder part of the carriage in which the "happy pair" were driven to the railway station a tiny pair of baby shoes. There were others besides Scottish borderers at the marriage, and the thing may be common, and to be taken as conveying the hope that the baby shoes would in due time be prettily filled. CALCHOU.

JOHN SANSBURY (5th S. xii. 128.)-The little that is known respecting this writer is to be found

Wood.

in Wood's Athena Oxonienses (edit. 1815, ii. 58) and Wilson's History of Merchant Taylors' School educated at Merchant Taylors' School; entered St. John's Coll., 1593; M.A., 1601; Vicar of St. Giles's, 1607; B.D., 1608; died, 1609. He printed one small tract, Ilium in Italiam Oxonia ad protectionem regis sui omnium optimi filia, pedisequa, V., 1608, extracts from which are given by Queen Elizabeth is given by Wilson. As regards A short poem of his on the death of his tragedies there is probably not much more to be said than is contained in the brief notice in the ancient catalogue of fellows and scholars of St. John's quoted by Dr. Bliss: "Poeta ingeniosissimus, cuius præter Tragoedias multas apud nos actas." Robert Bell, in his Lives of the English Poets (1839, ii. 151), gives a few lines to Sansbury, but seems to think more of his verses on the college arms and the compliments to King James than of the forgotten tragedies.

"UPON THE SQUARE” (5th S. xii. 89.)—
"I see, the Gods to all men giue not all
Manly addiction; wisedome; words that fall
(Like dice) vpon the square still."

Chapman's Odysses, f. 114. comfort: the beste Phisician is good and wholesome "For, to the hart beyng in heauines and vtter discommunicacion. Neither shall the sense be out of square, if ye take the Greke vocable Xóyov (as in another significacion it maie well bee taken) for reason."Apophthegmes of Erasmus, trans. by N. Udall, 1542; Diogenes," 8. R. R.

46

Boston.

Johnson has examples from Dryden and L'Estrange. ED. MARSHALL.

"WICKET" AND "CRICKET" (5th S. xii. 86.)—Not only wicket, but also cricket, has come to be used in an extended sense. Thus the reporters, under the heading "Cricket," will tell us that Mr. Steele's cricket was watched with much attention”; that

Mr. W. G. Grace" seldom played better and trued cricket"; and that the All England eleven "player first-rate cricket." CUTHBERT BEDE.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The Genealogist's Guide to Printed Pedigrees. By George W. Marshall, LL. D. (George Bell & Sons.) UNDER this modest title the compiler presents to the world the results of what he describes as "a general search through genealogical, topographical, and biographical works relating to the United Kingdom, together with reference to family histories, peerage claims, &c." That Dr. Marshall has conferred an inestimable boon upon genealogical students will be recognized by every one into whose hands this noble volume falls, and the wonder is how they have done without it so long. Commenced originally for his own private use, and steadily augmented until in MS. the collections must have become unwieldy, he has been generous enough to allow others to participate almost gratuitously in the results of his labours, which must have been enormous, and which can be compensated only by the reflection that he has become a public benefactor. It is impossible to compute the amount of time and labour thus saved to the numerous students of family history, which, as Dr. Marshall rightly observes, forms a "by no means unimportant part of our national history." Until within the last few years each individual was compelled to search for himself, and days, or perhaps weeks, might be spent before discovering what may now be learned by a single glance at the pages of this volume. The Index to Pedigrees of English Families, by the late Mr. Charles Bridger, supplied to some extent the want long felt, but this work was confessedly incomplete, imperfect, and inconveniently arranged, owing to the fact that, although his publication had been announced, a rival was about to enter the field, and he was compelled to go to press prematurely. The only other similar publications covering ground not formerly explored have been compiled by Dr. Marshall himself. All these are, of course, superseded and rendered valueless by the work now be fore us, which comprises not only all that they contained, but also references to hundreds of volumes not mentioned in them. Mr. Bridger's Index contained about 16,000 references, while Dr. Marshall estimates his at about three times that number. The alphabetical arrange: ment of surnames is undoubtedly the best that could have been adopted. If one, for instance, is searching for information respecting the family of "Goodwin," he turns to this name instantly, and against it he will find references to the precise pages in eight different volumes where may be found particulars of this family, and some of them are books in which he would not otherwise have been likely to look. As a rule it may be taken for granted that these are all the existing works in which such information is to be found, for Dr. Marshall appears to have made his search as exhaustive as possible. It would, however, be too much to expect that the first edition of a work of this character should not contain errors, both of omission and commission, and this the compiler frankly admits; but, after carefully testing numerous pages at random, we feel bound to express the opinion that the errors of both kinds are very few in number. The work should become a standard one, and be reissued at convenient intervals with corrections and additions. We are a little surprised at the omission of several well known books, and wonder how they escaped Dr. Marshall's vigilant eye. For instance, appended to the name of

"Tyrwhitt "there is no reference to the elaborate account of the family published by the former metropolitan magistrate of the name. The references to "Henzey" do not include Mr. Grazebrook's volume published in 1877, which also comprises accounts of the Tyttery and Tyzacke families, neither of which is mentioned by Dr. Marshall. The references to "Master" omit the history of that family issued in 1874, and those to "Skipwith are deficient of the history of that family issued in 1867. The late Sir George Duncan Gibb would have been indignant if he had found his two volumes, with extensive sheet pedigrees of his family, overlooked in such a work as this. These and other similar omissions will no doubt be corrected in a second edition. There are one or two other suggestions which Dr. Marshall may well consider. "Tirwhit" and "Tyrwhitt" are identical, and so are "Tipping" and "Typping," "Twisden " and "Twysden," and "Wiseman" and Wyseman." There is no reason why they should appear on separate pages, as they do, but every reason why they should not. At all events, if thus separated, there should be cross references. We think also that considerable space might be saved (and it will be wanted as the material increases) by adopting a system of contractions which would be readily comprehended by every one likely to use the volume. Surely Gent. Mag. is as plain as "Gentleman's Magazine," and Col. Top. et Gen. as "Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica," and Lipscombe's Bucks. as "Lipscombe's History of the County of Buckingham," and certainly "Nichols's History of the County of Leicester" might be safely shorn of all except its externals. The first reference to "Haviland" might be compressed within three lines instead of occupying seven. The references to the volumes issued by the Harleian Society are somewhat inconvenient, as they are not numbered on their covers. "Visit. Notts. (Harl. Soc.)," for instance, seems a better formula, and occupies little more space, besides indicating the character of the information referred to. The blemishes, or, more probably, oversights, we have noted, do not, however, detract seriously from the value of the book, which is simply incalculable, and, while we congratulate Dr. Marshall on its production, we feel bound also to thank him publicly for placing it within the reach of all interested in this class of literary research. A Selection from Pascal's Thoughts. Translated by A VOLUME at once so portable and so elegant as regards H. L. Sidney Lear. (Rivingtons.) its type and paper, and dealing with such a general favourite as Blaise Pascal, could scarcely fail to be welcome even from the pen of a less widely known translator. But we cannot help regretting that the work was not done more systematically. It would, we conceive, have added little to the labour of the translator, while it would have added infinitely to the pleasure and comfort of the reader, had the selections been made on some definite principle, and headings been given denoting the class of subjects to which the various groups of "Thoughts" belong. We hope this may yet be done in a future edition, for Pascal is of classic rank throughout Western Europe, and is worthy of all the care that can be bestowed upon his works. Caxton's "Reynard the Foxe." Reprinted from the Edition of 1481, and Edited by Edward Arber, F.S.A. (Southgate, London, N.) THE first prose version of the story of Reynard the Fox was printed by Gheraert Leeu, at Gouda in 1479, and was translated by Caxton within less than two years from the date of its first publication in Holland. Of Gheraert Leeu's edition only two copies are known to exist, one in the Royal Library at the Hague, and the other in the Grenville collection at the

THE Rivista Europea of May 16 last, we were glad to observe, translated our correspondent MR. J. A. PICTON's article on "Artifex, Opifex," &c., from " N. & Q." of May 3, though unfortunately without giving his name. In its number for August 16 the Rivista notices the communications of our correspondent MR. JONATHAN BOUCHIER ON Dante, Inf., c. xxvi., and says that it is unable to confirm Fraticelli's citation of Solinus as an authority on the death of Ulysses.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

R. S.-The ordinary authorities are so conflicting that it is not possible to give more than an approximately accurate answer to your question. Anderson, Betham, Bouillet, Douglas, Noble, all illustrate by their several points of difference the difficulty which attends such in vestigations when outside the line of the descent of the Crown. Anderson assigns (Royal Genealogies, tab. dv.) three daughters to Robert II. of Scotland, by his second wife and only queen, Euphemia, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Ross. These he names "(1) Egidia or Giles, wife of William Douglas, Earl of Nithsdale; (2) Marjory, wife of John Dunbar, who was made Earl of Murray, 1373; (3) Isabel Stuart, wife of James, Earl of Douglass, slain at Otterburn, 1388." Three other daughters he gives thus, without assigning them to either of King Robert's wives: "Jane, wife of Sir John Lyon, ancestor of the Earls of Strathmore; Elizabeth, wife of Sir Thomas Hay of Errol; N. N., wife of Sir John Keith, Marshal of Scotland, father of Robert Keith, who died without male issue." Betham, in his Genealogical Tables, tab. dccxxv., assigns Jane, wife first of Sir John Lyon, and subsequently of David, first Earl of Crawford, and of Sir James Sandi lands, whose three marriages he sets out; Elizabeth, wife of Sir Thomas Hay; and the unnamed wife of Sir John Keith, to Elizabeth Mure, the first wife of Robert II. He agrees with Anderson as to the names and marriages of the three daughters of Queen Euphemia. Bouillet (Atlas Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie) appears to go upon the principle of assigning all the legitimate daughters of Robert II. to his first wife, but some of his statements are in conflict with the Great Seal Register and other public documents. Douglas, in his Peerage, calls the wife of James, Earl of Douglas and Mar, Margaret, eldest daughter of Robert II." Crawfurd, in his Peerage, and Rev. Mark Noble, in his Historical Genealogy of the Stuart Family, agree in calling the Countess of Douglas and Mar Isabel. Noble says that

she is "generally called by historians Euphame, but the records of the kingdom evince that the former [Isabel] was her name." After her first husband's death (by whom she had had only one son, who died in infancy), Isabel, Countess of Douglas, married Sir John Edmonstone; as to which marriage Noble cautiously says, survived him, is not certain." It is generally asserted, however (e.g. in Anderson's Scottish Nation, s.v. "Edmon stone "), that the elder line of Edmonstone of that ilk and of Ednam, extinct in the middle of the last century, descended from this marriage. The existing Edmon stones of Duntreath descend from a supposed cadet of the older line, assumed to be a younger brother of the Sir John who married the Countess of Douglas and Mar, and are themselves descended from a daughter of Robert III., Mary, Countess of Angus. In the charter, Reg. Mag. Sig. 169, 3, granting an annual rent out of the customs of Edinburgh, Linlithgow, Dundee, and Aberdeen, on the marriage of the king's daughter Egidia, her husband is described as "Willelmus de Douglas, miles": the earldom of Nithsdale being an error on Anderson's part. The date is imperfect, "apud Sconam, 26 Dec. Anno Regnis S...." The charter on the marriage of Marjory to John de Dunbar, granting the Earldom of Moray, is "anno Regni Secundo" (Reg. Mag. Sig. 88, 309). Burke only assigns, positively, one daughter, the Countess of Douglas, whom he calls Margaret," to Robert's second wife. But he says "two daughters of Robert II., supposed to have been by his second marriage, were married to John Keith, eldest son of Sir William Keith, Marischal_of Scotland, and to John Logan respectively." The question still seems to remain obscure.

F. P. B. Before the Norman Conquest the shiremoot (or county court) tried questions relating to landtitle, there being, probably, an appeal to the Witan, or Great Council of the Nation. From the Conquest to Henry II., the "Curia Regis investigated titles, and there are cases recorded in which the king presided over the court in person, as e.g. in Gilbert de Balliol v. the Abbot of St. Martin of Battle, tried by Hen. I. (Chron. Mon. de Bello, pp. 105-10). Of the pre-Norman practice, a very interesting case is given at length by Hallam (Middle Ages, ch. viii. pt. i. vol. ii. p. 280 of eleventh edit., 1856), under date of Canute's reign. Another case, cited by Hallam, temp. Ethelred II., would seem to show that the shire-moot was the court generally preferred by suitors in these cases under the Anglo-Saxon kings.

Z.-The third finger of the left hand. We are not aware that there is any signification to be attached to Information concerning rings on the other fingers. rings in prehistoric and early times will be found in Wilson's "Prehistoric Annals of Scotland," in the Journal of the British Archæological Association, General Index, vols. i. to xxx., under " Ring," "Ring Money," "Fingerrings," &c., and also probably in Rev. C. W. King's Antique Gems and Natural History of Precious Stones.

A READER OF "N. & Q." will see another leaning tower if he ever visits Bologna. There are others in Italy, besides the more celebrated examples at Pisa and Bologna, and there seems to be no reason to doubt that a bad foundation is the cause in all cases.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

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