Art. 18. The Delaware tribe of Indians in consideration of the stipulations herein made on the part of the United States do hereby forever cede to the United States all the claims which they have to the thirteen sections of land reserved for the use of certain persons of their tribe, by the second section of the act of congress, passed March the third, one thousand eight hundred and seven, providing for the disposal of the land of the United States between the United States military tract and the Connecticut Reserve, and the lands of the United States between the Cincinnati and Vincennes districts.

Art. 19. The United States agree to grant, by patent, in fee simple, to Zeeshawan, or James Armstrong, and to Sanondoyourayquaw, or Silas Armstrong, chiefs of the Delaware Indians, living on the Sandusky waters, and their successors in office, chiefs of the said tribe, for the use of the persons mentioned in the annexed schedule, in the same manner and subject to the same conditions, provisions and limitations as is hereinbefore provided for the lands granted to the Wyandot, Seneca and Shawanese Indians, a tract of land to contain nine square miles to join the tract granted to the Wyandots of twelve miles square to be laid off as nearly in a square form as practicable and to include Captain Pipe's village.

By this treaty the United States stipulated to pay the Wyandots a perpetual annuity of $4,000; to the Senecas, $500; to the Shawanese, $2,000; to the Pottawatomies, annually, for fifteen years, $1,300; to the Ottawas, annually for fifteen years, $1,000; to the Chippewas, annually for fifteen years, $1,000; and to the Delawares, $500, but no annuity. The United States also engaged to erect a saw and grist mill, for the use of the Wyandots; and to provide and maintain two blacksmiths, one for the use of the Wyandots and Senecas, and one for the Indians at Hog Creek.

The United States further agreed to pay the sums following for property, etc., injured during the war of 1812-15: To the Wyandots, $4,319.24; to Indians at Lewis' and Scoutash's towns, $1,227.50; to the Delawares, $3,956.50; to the representatives of Hembis, $348.50; to the Shawanese, $420, and to the Senecas, an additional sum of $219. It was also agreed to pay the Shawanese, under the treaty of Fort Industry, $2,500. By Article 17, the value of improvements abandoned, was to be paid for.

A treaty supplementary to the "Treaty of the Foot of the Rapids of the Miami of the Lake," was concluded at St. Mary's, Ohio, on the 17th day of September, 1818, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Shawanese and Ottawa tribes of Indians. The following are the articles of the supplementary treaty which were of special significance to the Wyandot nation:

Art. 1. It is agreed between the United States and the parties hereunto, that the several tracts of land described in the treaty to which this is supplementary, and agreed thereby to be granted by the United States to the chiefs of the respective tribes, and also the tract described in the twentieth article of the said treaty, shall not be thus granted, but shall be excepted from the cession made by the said tribes to the United States, reserved for the use of said Indians, and held by them in the same manner as Indian reservations have been heretofore held. But it is further agreed that the tracts thus reserved shall be preserved for the use of the Indians named in the schedule to the said treaty, and held by them and their heirs forever, unless ceded to the United States.

Art. 2. It is also agreed that there shall be reserved for the use of the Wyandots, in addition to the reservations before made, fifty-five thousand six hundred and eighty acres of land, to be laid off in two tracts, the first to adjoin the south line of the section of six hundred and forty acres of land heretofore reserved for the Wyandot chief, the Cherokee Boy, and to extend south to the north line of the reserve of twelve miles square, at Upper Sandusky, and the other to join the east line of the reserve of twelve miles square, at Upper Sandusky, and to extend east for quantity.

There shall also be reserved for the use of the Wyandots residing at Solomon's town, and on Blanchard's Fork, in addition to the reservations before made, sixteen thousand acres of land to be laid off in a square form, on the head of Blanchard's Fork, the center of which shall be at the Big Spring, on the trace leading from Upper Sandusky to Fort Findlay; and 160 acres of land for the use of the Wyandots on the west side of the Sandusky river, adjoining the said river, and the lower line of two sections of land, agreed, by the treaty to which this is supplementary, to be granted Elizabeth Whitaker.

Art. 3. It is hereby agreed that the tracts of land, which, by the eighth article of the treaty to which this is supplementary, are to be granted by the United States to the persons therein mentioned, shall never be conveyed, by them or their heirs, without the permission of the president of the United States.

By this supplement, an additional annuity was to be given to the Wyandots of $500, forever; to the Shawanese, $1,000; to the Senecas, $500, and to the Ottawas, $1,500.

During the same year, 1818, a grand Indian council was held at Upper Sandusky on the occasion of the death of Tarhe, or "the Crane," the most celebrated chieftain the Wyandot nation ever produced. Col. John Johnston, of Upper Piqua, Ohio, who for about half a century served as an agent of the United States over the Indians of the west, was present, and in his "Recollections" gives the following interesting account of the proceedings:

"On the death of the great chief of the Wyandots, I was invited to attend a general council of all the tribes of Ohio, the Delawares of Indiana, and the Senecas of New York, at Upper Sandusky. I found on arriving at the place a very large attendance, among the chiefs was the noted leader and orator, Red Jacket, from Buffalo. The first business done was the speaker of the nation, delivering an oration on the character of the deceased chief. Then followed what might be called a monody, or ceremony, of mourning or lamentation. The seats were arranged from end to end of a large council house, about six feet apart. The head men and the aged took their seats facing each other, stooping down, their heads almost touching. In that position they remained for several hours. Deep, heavy and long-continued groans would commence at one end of the row of mourners, and so pass around until all had responded, and these repeated at intervals of a few minutes. The Indians were all washed, and had no paint or any kind of decorations upon their persons, their countenances and general deportment denoting the deepest mourning. I never witnessed anything of the kind before, and was told this ceremony was not performed but on the decease of some great man.

After the period of mourning and lamentation was over, the Indians proceeded to business. There were present the Wyandots, Shawanese, Delawares, Senecas, Ottawas and Mohawks. The business was entirely confined to their own af

fairs, and the main topics related to their lands and the claims of the respective tribes. It was evident, in the course of the discussion, that the presence of myself and people (there were some white men with me) was not acceptable to some of the parties, and allusions were made so direct to myself that I was constrained to notice them, by saying that I came there as a guest of the Wyandots by their special invitation; that as the agent of the United States, I had a right to be there as anywhere else in the Indian country; and that if any insult was offered to myself or my people it would be resented and punished. Red Jacket was the principal speaker, and was intemperate and personal in his remarks. Accusations, pro and con, were made by the different parties, accusing each other of being foremost in selling lands to the United States. The Shawanese were particularly marked out as more guilty than any other; that they were the last coming into the Ohio country, and although they had no right but by permission of the other tribes, they were always the foremost in selling lands. This brought the Shawanese out, who retorted through their head chief, the Black Hoof, on the Senecas and Wyandots with pointed severity.

The discussion was long continued, calling out some of the ablest speakers, and was distinguished for ability, cutting sarcasm and research, going far back into the history of the natives, their wars, alliances, negotiations, migrations, etc. I had attended many councils, treaties and gatherings of the Indians, but never in my life did I witness such an outpouring of native oratory and eloquence, of severe rebuke, taunting national and personal reproaches. The council broke up later in great confusion, and in the worst possible feeling. A circumstance occurred toward the close which more than anything else exhibited the bad feeling prevailing. In handing around the wampum belt, the emblem of amity, peace and good will, when presented to one of the chiefs, he would not touch it with his fingers, but passed it on a stick to the person next to him. A greater indignity, agreeable to Indian etiquette, could not be offered.

The next day appeared to be one of unusual anxiety and despondency among the Indians. They could be seen in groups everywhere near the council house in deep consultation. They had acted foolishly-were sorry-but the difficulty was who would first present the olive branch. The council convened

late and was very full; silence prevailed for a long time; at last the aged chief of the Shawanese, the Black Hoof, rose- -a man of great influence, and a celebrated warrior. He told the assembly they had acted like children, and not men on yesterday; that he and his people were sorry for the words that had been spoken and which had done so much harm; that he came into the council by the unanimous desire of his people present, to recall those foolish words, and did there take them back, handing strings of wampum, which passed around and were received by all with the greatest satisfaction. Several of the principal chiefs delivered speeches to the same effect, handing around wampum in turn, and in this manner the whole difficulty of the preceding day was settled, and to all appearances was forgotten. The Indians are very courteous and civil to each other, and it is a rare thing to see their assemblies disturbed by ill-timed or unwise remarks. I never witnessed it except on the occasion here alluded to, and it is more than probable that the presence of myself and other white men contributed toward the unpleasant occurrence. I could not help but admire the genuine philosophy and good sense displayed by men whom we call savages, in the translation of their public business; and how much we might profit in the halls of our legislatures, by occasionally taking for our example the proceedings of the great Indian council at Upper Sandusky.

At the time the events occurred, which have just been related, the Indian town known as Upper Sandusky, was located about four miles northeast of the present county seat (a point, it appears, to which the Indians removed prior to 1782). After the death of Tarhe, however, they erected a council house on the site of the present town of Upper Sandusky (a place which was nearer the center of their reservation), gave this name-Upper Sandusky, and called the old village Crane Town. It was built chiefly of bark, and in dimensions was about 100 feet long by fifteen feet wide. Subsequently the temporary structure at the new town of Upper Sandusky gave place to a more substantial building, the frame council house known to early settlers for several years, as the Wyandot county courthouse, etc., which was built probably about the year 1830 or a few years after the completion of the grist and saw mill provided for in the treaty of September 29, 1817, at the foot of the Maumee Rapids.