As a result of this investigation, it may be concluded:

1. That the village of Brockport has carried out the recommendations of our previous report.

2. That some difficulty has been experienced in securing proper sedimentation of the water after coagulation, due probably to an insufficient detention period.

3. That, although the apparatus indicated that a sufficient amount of chlorine was being applied at the time of the inspection, it is apparent from the analytical results that satisfactory sterilization is not at all times being secured.

In view of the above, I beg to offer the following recommendations, to be acted upon by the village authorities:

1. That a gate be provided in the division wall of the coagulating basin or intake well in order that its full capacity may be used to secure more adequate sedimentation and to allow for a longer period for the coagulation reaction.

2. That regarding operation of the chlorine apparatus:

(a) Scales be provided to check the operation of the apparatus by weighing the actual amount of chlorine applied.

(b) That complete records be kept regarding the operation of the apparatus, including time of observation, rate as indicated by chlorine meter, scale readings, times at which new cylinders of chlorine are connected with the apparatus, rate of pumping at time of observation, difficulties and any other information of interest regarding the operation of the plant.

3. That chlorine be applied at all times in an amount equivalent to not less than .3 of a part per million and that at times when there is a heavy load upon the filters or at times when for any other reason effective filtration is not obtained, the amount of chlorine be increased sufficiently to secure satisfactory sterilization of the water.

I would further recommend that copies of this report be transmitted to the local authorities and to the sanitary supervisor of the district.

Abbreviations used to describe odors of water: 0, none; 1, very faint; 2, faint; 3, distinct; 4 decided; 5, strong; 6, very strong; a, aromatic; d, disagreeable; e, earthy; f, fishy; g, grassy; m, musty; v, vegetable.

BROOME COUNTY TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL

(Plans for Water Supply and Sewage Disposal. See Section 1-a, p. 39.)

BURKE

HERMANN M. BIGGS, M.D., State Commissioner of Health:

I beg to submit the following report upon an investigation of the public water supply of the village of Burke, made on May 8, 1917 by Mr. M. F. Sanborn, assistant engineer in this Department.

Burke is an unincorporated village with a population of about 300, located in the town of Burke in the northeastern part of Franklin county, on the Rutland railroad and about 8 miles northeast of Malone. The village is unprovided with a public sewer system, the houses being served by cesspools, septic tanks and privies.

The public water supply is derived from several springs located near Adler Brook 11⁄2 miles southeast of the village. The waterworks are owned and operated by the Burke Water Company which designed the works and constructed them by day labor in 1890. Practically the entire population of the village is served by the supply with a daily water consumption of approximately 15,000 gallons. There are 31⁄2 miles of water mains ranging from 1 inch to 2 inches in diameter. Of the 60 service taps none are metered. The supply is distributed by gravity with an average pressure in the village of about 20 pounds per square inch. No provision is made for fire protection from the public supply.

The springs from which the supply is obtained are developed by masonry and timber basins, both open and covered, with lines of drain tile with open joints leading into them. The water collected in these basins flows into a small covered reservoir just below the springs. This reservoir is divided into two compartments each 12 feet square and 6 feet deep, the total capacity being 13,000 gallons or approximately 1 day's supply. This reservoir is cleaned once a year in the spring.

The springs are rather poorly developed inasmuch as there is opportunity for surface wash from adjacent pasture land to reach them. A small amount of the area around the springs is owned by the water company and some of the springs are surrounded by fences. Save for the possibility of accidental or wilful pollution by visitors in the vicinity of the springs there seems to be little opportunity for pollution of human origin.

At the time of the inspection a sample of water was collected from a tap in the village and the results of the analysis of this sample together with others made in the past by the Division of Laboratories and Research will be found in the appended table.

The results of these analyses show a water practically clear and colorless and moderately hard. The figures for nitrogen in its various forms, with the exception of those for nitrates, are low indicating the presence of moderate amounts only of decomposable or decomposing organic matter. The comparatively high figures for nitrates, however, indicate the presence of considerable past pollution, rendered on the whole inactive by natural processes of purification. The bacterial counts are usually moderate although occasionally high. Organisms of the B. coli type have been frequently isolated from the 10 c.c. inoculations tested, indicating the presence of a certain amount of active contamination due probably to surface wash from pasture land adjacent to the springs.

In view of the above facts the following conclusions may be drawn:

1. That the public water supply of Burke is derived from springs which if more carefully developed and more thoroughly protected from surface wash should afford a supply of reasonably satisfactory physical and sanitary quality.

2. That some of the springs, however, are open to pollution by drainage from pasture land and consequently must be considered somewhat questionable from a sanitary standpoint.

In view of the above conclusions the following recommendations may be made:

1. That the Burke Water Company develop the springs tributary to their supply more adequately by the construction of permanent basins of masonry or other suitable material with side walls extending at least one foot above the surface of the ground and provided with covers.

2. That the entire area around the springs be properly fenced and suitable drainage ditches be constructed in order to divert surface wash from the immediate vicinity of the springs.

I would further recommend that copies of this report be transmitted to the Burke Water Company, to the local health officer and to the sanitary supervisor of the district.

Respectfully submitted,

ALBANY, N. Y., July 3, 1917

THEODORE HORTON,
Chief Engineer

RESULTS OF WATER ANALYSES

CAMBRIDGE

HERMANN M. BIGGS, M.D., State Commissioner of Health:

I beg to submit the following report on an investigation of the public water supply of the village of Cambridge, Washington county. An investigation of this supply was made on April 10, 1917, by Mr. M. F. Sanborn, assistant engineer, who was assisted at the time of the inspection by Mr. E. B. Norton, secretary, and Mr. William Shyland, superintendent of the Cambridge Water Company, and Dr. W. A. Leonard, health officer of the village.

Cambridge is an incorporated village in the southern part of Washington county and is located about 30 miles northeast of Troy, on the D. & H. R. R. and the Owl kill. The population at the time of the inspection was estimated to be about 1,730.

There is one private sewer which serves a few of the houses, the remaining population of the village being served largely by cesspools and privies.

The water supply is owned by the Cambridge Water Works Company, of which Mr. Robert R. Law is president. The waterworks were designed by Mr. C. T. Howley and were constructed by contract under the direction of Mr. Howley in 1887.

The water supply is obtained from springs about 3 miles northeast of the village and from an impounding reservoir on a small brook about 1 mile southeast of the springs. The water from the springs is pumped to the distribution system and reservoir, while the water from the brook flows from the reservoir to the village by gravity.

About 1,380 of the inhabitants, which corresponds to 80 per cent of the total population, are served by this water supply. The average daily consumption was estimated to be about 138,000 gallons. There are approximately 6 miles of water mains, ranging in size from 4 inches to 8 inches in diameter. Of the 375 houses in the village about 300 are served by this water supply and 90 per cent of these services are metered. The average pressure in the village is about 75 pounds per square inch. Fire protection is provided by 43 hydrants placed in the various parts of the village.

The spring supply has been developed by the construction of an open artificial basin at the location of the several springs. This basin is about 100 by 250 feet in plan and about 5 feet deep, and has a capacity of about 1,000,000 gallons. There is usually sufficient water from these springs to operate a breast water wheel, which in turn pumps water into the mains. No apparent sources of contamination were found in the vicinity of the spring basin.

There are two pumping stations, one containing the water power apparatus and the other an auxiliary steam plant. The one containing the water power plant is of brick, 20 by 30 feet in plan. The breast water wheel is 12 feet in diameter and 4 feet broad, and operates two water cylinders having 5 inches diameter and strokes of about 13 inches. The pumping station containing the auxiliary plant is also of brick and about 20 by 30 feet in plan. This station contains an Erie City Iron Works horizontal boiler and a Worthington duplex double-action pump, 10 by 6 inches in size. It was stated by the superintendent that the water company expects later to install a larger pump.

The reservoir is formed by the construction of a dam across a small brook. This reservoir is about 200 by 100 feet in plan and has a depth of about 9 feet and a capacity of 1,300,000 gallons. A ditch has been dug along the northerly side of the reservoir so that the water from the watershed above the reservoir may be by-passed in case of turbid water or when it is desired to clean the reservoir. The brook above the reservoir has a watershed of about .12 square mile. The topography is very hilly and consists of much wooded land. There are no people living upon the watershed. The water company formerly owned most of the watershed but they have recently sold a portion of it with the restriction that no houses were to be placed upon it.

Considerable trouble has been caused in the past from algae in the spring basin and reservoir and generally each spring copper sulphate has been added to the water. About 10 pounds are used at a time in the reservoir and about