Rate per 1,000

30

20

10

ANNUAL DEATH RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION, BY MONTHS,

NEW YORK STATE, 1898 to 1917

(A) BY SEPARATE YEARS

Rate per 1,000

30

20

10

0

0

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

30

30

20

10

1916

1917

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 1908-1912

1913-1917

ANNUAL

Annual DEATH RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION, BY MONTHS, NEW YORK STATE,

1898 TO 1917

Year Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1898-1902.... 17.3 18.4 19.0 18.9 18.6 16.7 15.7 18.8 17.7 17.2 15.5 15.0 1903-1907.. 16.9 17.6 19.1 19.0 18.4 16.6 15.2 17.2 17.1 15.9 15.0 15.3 1908-1912. 15.6 16.6 17.3 17.6 17.3 15.6 14.0 15.6 15.1 14.6 14.2 1913-1917... 14.7 16.6 16.8 17.0 16.1 15.0 13.3 13.1 14.2 13.7 13.0

16.0

16. 7

15.6

14.6

1898..

1899..

1900....

1901.. 1902...

1903.. 1904.

1905.. 1906.

1907..

17.4 16.4 17.3 17.5 17.6 16.6 15.2 19.4 19.2 20.2 16.4 15.4 18.5
17.0 20.5 19.6 18.3 17.7 15.8 16.1 18.6 16.5 15.7 15.3 14.7 16.2
18.1 17.7 19.5
22.0 21.9 18.3 16.0 19.4 18.4 17.7 15.9 15.0
17.6 20.4 19.6 19.4 18.4 16.4 16.0 19.5 17.9 17.0 15.3
16.3 17.1 18.4 17.1 17.3 16.4 15.2 17.0 16.7 15.5 14.5
16.3 16.9 18.1 18.1
17.7 18.3 20.3 21.2
16.7 17.2 18.8 18.9
16.8 16.8 17.7 18.2
17.1 18.7 19.9 18.9

16.0

16.5

15.9

17.3 16.1 14.6 16.7 15.8 14.8 14.7
20.9 18.0 16.5 17.9 16.4 15.6 14.5 15.5 17.1
18.3 15.9 14.9 18.6 17.0 15.7 14.4 15.3 15.9
17.9 16.8 14.9 16.7 17.6 16.9 15.8 15.2 16.7
17.6 16.3 15.2 16.6 18.3 16.4 15.5 15.1 17.1

16.8

15.8 17.5 18.1 17.2 17.1 15.7 13.7 16.0
15.6 15.1 16.0 17.3 17.5 16.0 14.6 14.8
18.6 17.4 15.6

1911..

1912..

16.6 15.1

14.2 14.2 13.5

17.3 15.7 15.1 14.0 13.9 14.6 14.1 13.4 13.6 14.7 16.0 16.7 17.9 16.4 15.4 13.1 13.0 13.7 13.6 12.8 13.4 14.3 14.5 14.9 15.3 17.5 17.7 14.7 13.1 12.9 13.4 13.5 12.9 13.3 14.7 17.6 16.5 15.9 15.1 14.7 13.1 13.6 15.1 13.6 13.0 13.5 14.7 18.5 17.7 16.4 15.7 15.1 13.3 12.2 14.2 13.5 12.9 13.3

14.5

15.4

14.7

14.1

fever, infantile diarrhea, and tuberculosis-were materially lower in 1917 than during the 5 years 1911-1915. Thus the percentage reduction in rate from scarlet fever was 69; typhoid fever, 46; infant diarrhea, 24; diphtheria and measles, 12 each; tuberculosis (all forms), 6.

The death rates per 100,000 population at all ages from influenza, lobar pneumonia, organic heart disease, accidents, acute nephritis and Bright's disease, and cancer were higher in 1917 than during 1911–1915.

Infant mortality

Of the 154,127 deaths at all ages registered during 1917 in New York State, 22,476, or 14.6 per cent., were those of infants under one year of age. The rate of infant mortality resulting from these deaths, 91 per 1,000 births, is the lowest ever recorded in the State.*

The movement of the infant mortality rate in the State as a whole, in New York City, and the rest of the State, during recent years is given below.

Infant mortality by districts. The infant mortality rates for the chief subdivisions of the State and for each city in 1917 and 1916 are shown in table on pages 413, 415.

Infant mortality by months. During the five years 1913-1917, the infant mortality rate has been highest in August and lowest in June.

*It should be noted, however, that there was a larger annual increase in the number of births during 1917 than in the years just previous. As probably about 70 per cent. of the deaths under one year of age during any year are of infants born in the same year, and about 30 per cent. are of infants born in the previous year, it follows that when there is an unusually large increase in the number of births, the denominator of the infant mortality ratio (deaths under one year per 1,000 living births) may be too large to represent the infant lives at risk, and the resulting rate may be too low. Conversely, a sudden decrease in the annual number of births, such as that caused in England and Wales by war conditions during 1917, might result in an overstatement of the infant mortality rate.