142 143] DANGER OF BATHING ON A FULL STOMACH. 153

sens enim poena. Cf. pr. pecunia, ready money; periculum, imminent jeopardy; venenum, quick poison. Sen. ep. 95 §§ 15-18 draws a ghastly picture of this punishment § 18 innumerabiles morbos, supplicia luxuriae. Heinr, reads Poena as in Hor. c. III 2 32. Tibull. 19 4; praesens is often used of a god who reveals himself, makes his power felt, see Forc. Grang. sees an allusion to Hor. c. IV 5 24 culpam poena premit TU 73 n.

comes.

DEPONIS AMICTUS

in the apodyterium or spoliarium. Petron. 73 proiectisque vestimentis. balneum intravimus. Marquardt v (1) 286.

143-146 an imitation of Pers. III 98-106 turgidus hic epulis atque albo ventre lavatur, | gutture sulpureas lente exhalante mefites; | sed tremor inter vina subit calidumque trientem excutit e manibus, dentes crepuere retecti, | uncta cadunt laxis tunc pulmentaria labris. | hinc tuba, candelae, tandemque beatulus alto | conpositus lecto crassisque lutatus amomis | in portam rigidas calces extendit: at illum | hesterni capite induto subiere Quirites. 143 TURGIDUS ET

...

CRUDUM PAVONEM IN BALNEA PORTAS Cic. p. Deiot. § 21 a passage which shews that such excess was a matter of course cum, inquit, vomere post cenam te velle dixisses, in balneum te ducere coeperunt. ad fam. Ix 18 § 3 plures iam pavones confeci quam tu pullos columbinos. § 4 satius est hic cruditate [mori] quam istic fame. fin. II § 23 asotos, qui in mensam vomant et qui de conviviis auferantur crudique postridie se rursus ingurgitent. fat. § 34 causa est... cruditas morbi. Cat. mai. § 44 caret [senectus] epulis exstructisque mensis et frequentibus poculis: caret ergo etiam vinolentia et cruditate et insomniis. Hor. ep. 1 6 61 crudi tumidique lavemur. Colum. pr. § 16 ut apti veniamus ad ganeas, quotidianam cruditatem Laconicis excoquimus. Sen. ep. 86 § 10 of old baths had utilem ac salubrem temperaturam, non hanc quae nuper inventa est similis incendio, adeo quidem ut convictum in aliquo scclere servum vivum lavari oporteat. nihil mihi videtur iam interesse, ardeat balneum an caleat. 15 § 3. Petron. 72 after a luxurious feast Trimalchio asks quare non vivamus? .... coniciamus nos in balneum ....sic calet tamquam furnus. Habinnas replies de una die duas facere, nihil malo. After the bath ebrietate discussa the party adjourn to another dining room. Sen. ep. 86 § 11 quantae nunc aliquis rusticitatis damnat Scipionem, quod non in caldarium suum latis specularibus diem admiserit? quod non in multa luce decoquebatur et exspectabat, ut in balneo concoqueret? Plin. xiv § 139 after speaking of gourmands who take poison to enlarge their capacity of drinking wine, cautissimos ex eis balineis coqui videmus exanimisque efferri. XXIX § 26 illa perdidere imperii mores, illa quae sani patimur,... balineae ardentes quibus persuadere in corporibus cibos coqui ut nemo non minus validus exiret, oboedientissimi vero efferrentur. Quintil. v 9 § 11 tumores a symptom common both to poisoning and indigestion et veneficii et cruditatis. This excess was habitual with Caligula Phil. leg. ad G. 2 II 548 Μ. ὀψοφαγία καὶ ἐπὶ πλήρεσι τοῖς ὄγκοις ἀπλήρωτοι ἐπιθυμίαι θερμολουσίαι τε ἄκαιροι καὶ ἔμετοι καὶ εὐθὺς πάλιν οἰνοφλυγίαι καὶ ἔφεδροι γαστριμαργίαι, and with Nero Suet. 27 epulas a medio die ad mediam noctem protrahebat, refotus saepe calidis piscinis ac tempore aestivo nivatis. Plut. de sanit. 4, 5 speaks of the many occasions in which excess was almost compulsory; 11 p. 127-8 many neglect the indigestions which are heralds of disease; from love of pleasure or from shame they 'plunge into baths' and strive to drive out οἴνῳ δὴ τὸν οἶνον, κραιπάλῃ δὲ τὴν κραιπάλην. 17. Galen vi 702—3 Κ. to bathe immediately after eating ὠμῶν καὶ ἀπέπτων χυμῶν ἐμπίπλησι

154

CRUDUM PAVONEM IN BALNEA PORTAS.

[I 143 To σŵμа. The best time xxx 692—3 is when yesterday's meal is thoroughly digested, and we are ready for another; we ought not to bathe after eating, ἵνα μὴ ἔμφραξις κατὰ νεφροὺς καὶ ἡπαρ γένηται. Becker Gallus III 68114. Marquardt v (1) 277-304. Herzog in Pauly 12 2252—7. On the time of bathing see XI 204 n. CRUDUM III 233. Galen alim. fac. III 19 vi 701 K. pronounces the peacock hard, indigestible and sinewy; similarly Simeon Seth alim. fac. TAN p. 106 Langkavel. Bochart cites Avicenna and other Arabian physicians to the same purpose. Hor. s. II 2 23-30 derides the preference of peacock to chicken, simply because of its rarity and cost and outward beauty.

PAVONEM VII 32 n. Solomon's ships, 1 k. 10 22. 2 chr. 9 21, brought peacocks from Tarshish (Tartessus). India produced the largest peacocks Ael. n. a. xvi 2; they were kept in the royal parks XIII 18; a miraculous story of an Indian peacock presented to an Egyptian king, who would not keep it either as a pet or for the table xr 33 ὡς οἰκίας ἄθυρμα yaσтρòs xáρiv, but dedicated it to Zeus; a young epicure bribed a priest to procure it for him; but an asp appeared in its stead; the priest was punished for sacrilege; the epicure was shortly after choked by the bone of a bird; the peacock lived for 100 years, but appeared no more to men. In Lucian navig. 23 a peacock from India is one of the delicacies to which the poor man aspires in his day-dream. Auson. epist. 20 10 calls it a royal bird. Media (Suid. Mŋdikòs õρvis. тaŵs evπýλng. Clem. Al. paed. II 13 p. 164 P. III 4 § 30 p. 271), Babylonia (DS. 11 53 § 2), Persia (schol. Aristoph. Ach. 63. av. 707) are named as its home. Peacocks were introduced into Greece from 'the barbarians' Ael. v 21; Theophrastus, Plin. x § 79, said that in Asia also they were advecticii. To Rome they were brought from Samos VII 32 n. Varr. ap. Gell. vI-VII 16 § 5. In the time of Perikles they were so rare in Greece, that visitors came to Athens from Sparta and Thessaly, to see the birds and buy eggs; there was a show on the new moon, and this continued for 30 years (Antiphon in his speech on the peacock in Ath. 397 c-e); a pair of birds then cost 10,000 drachmae (id. in Ael. n. a. v 21). Alexander so admired those which he saw in India, that he punished the slaughter of them by a fine ibid. cf. Curt. Ix 1 § 13. In Rome Hortensius Varr. r. r. III 6 § 6 was said to have first served them up at his inaugural dinner as augur; quod potius factum tum luxuriosi, quam severi boni viri laudabant. Macr. III 13 [= = 9] § 1. Plin. x § 45. Ael. n. a. v 21. Tert. de pall. 5 ad fin. praecidam gulam, qua Hortensius orator primus pavum cibi causa potuit occidere. M. Aufidius Lurco was the first to fatten them, and made a profit of 60,000 HS. upon them Varr. ib. § 1. Plin. ib. Tert. de anima 33 Lurconiana condimenta. An egg in Varro's time § 6 sold for 5 denarii, a bird for 50. Macr. ib. ecce res non ammiranda solum sed etiam pudenda, ut ova pavonum quinis_ denariis veneant, quae hodie non dicam vilius, sed omnino non veneunt. In B.C. 46 a peacock was a standing dish Cic. fam. Ix 20 § 2 sed vide audaciam. etiam Hirtio cenam dedi sine pavone. Hor. s. 1 2 116 peacock ranked with turbot. Publilius Syrus in Petron. 55 2 tuo palato clausus pavo nascitur plumato amictus aureo Babylonico. Mart. XIII 70 cited on vII 31. Among the delicacies with which Vitellius, Suet. 13, dedicated' the huge dish which he called clipeus Minervae roλiouxou, were pheasants' and peacocks' brains: peacock was an ingredient in the pentapharmacum of Aelius Verus Spartian. 5. The Roman aviaries, with their partridges, peafowl, guineafowl, pheasants, pigeons, flamingoes, Mart. III 58 12-19, made a gay show. A double house, guards and keepers, Ael. v 21, were

143-1461 SUBITAE MORTES. INTESTATA. FABULA.

155

necessary for peacocks. Cato was not acquainted with them, but Varro III 6. 9 § 10. Colum. vIII 11. Pallad. I 28 give rules for breeding and keeping them; both Col. § and Pallad. § 1 mention the danger of theft; Tiberius, Suet. 60 militem praetorianum ob subreptum e viridiario paronem capite puniit. Varro's gorgeous aviary, 111 5—7, has been often delineated Witzschel in Pauly vi 2608-9. Dureau de la Malle écon. pol. des Rom. II 179-199. Ath. 654 d-655 b the multitude of peacocks in Rome is now so great, that Antiphanes might seem to have said prophetically πλείους εἰσὶ νῦν τῶν ορτύγων. Ath. also cites comic poets to shew that they were kept as house pets in Athens. Peacocks, as a costly gift, were offered in sacrifice Arnob. VII 8; e. g. to Caligula Suet. 22. Bochart hieroz. I c. 20. II c. 16. Movers Phöniz. 11 (3) 94, 95. Marquardt v (2) 42. Becker Gallus 13 104. 144 SUBITAE MORTES

Celsus 1 pr. p. 1, 2 Daremb. we learn from Homer that diseases were then ascribed to the wrath of the immortal gods, and aid was sought from them: it is probable that though there were then no remedies for bad health, most men nevertheless enjoyed good, because of the virtuous manners, which neither sloth nor luxury had corrupted: siquidem haec duo corpora, prius in Graecia, deinde apud nos afflixerunt. ideoque multiplex ista medicina, neque olim neque apud alias gentes necessaria, vix aliquos ex nobis ad senectutis principia perducit. M. Sen. contr. x pr. p. 294 1. 14 cites as a portentum of Musa, for which debuit de corio eius nobis satisfieri, the following rant quidquid avium volitat, quidquid piscium natat, quidquid ferarum discurrit, nostris sepelitur ventribus. quaere nunc cur subito moriamur. mortibus vivimus. INTESTATA SENECTUS the friends would receive no legacies; but the estate would go (1) to the sui heredes, (2) to the agnati proximi, (3) to the gentiles, (4) as bona vacantia to the aerarium or later to the fiscus Rein Privatr.2 817-9. Gaius III §§ 1-7.

145 NEC TRISTIS Cic. ad fam. xv 17 § 2 nos hic-tamen ad te scribam aliquid-Sullam patrem mortuum habebamus; alii a latronibus, alii cruditate dicebant; populus non curabat: combustum enim esse constabat. FABULA VI 402-412. xr 1-5. Plin.

ep. vIII 18 § 11 habes omnes fabulas urbis, nam sunt omnes fabulae Tullus. Domitius Tullus §§ 1-11 had refuted the proverb that men's last will is a mirror of their character; nam cum se captandum praebuisset, he made his adopted daughter his heiress, and left legacies to her children and grandchildren. ergo varii tota civitate sermones: alii [i. e. the irati amici of Iuv.] fictum ingratum inmemorem loquuntur seque ipsos, dum insectantur illum, turpissimis confessionibus produnt, ut qui de patre avo proavo quasi de orbo querantur: alii contra hoc ipsum laudibus ferunt quod sit frustratus improbas spes hominum, quos sic decipere pro moribus temporum prudentia est. Hor. ep. 1 13 9 Obbar. Mühlmann fabula. Friedländer 13 342-4. M. Sen. contr. 15 § 9 p. 176 24 unus pudicitiae fructus est pudicam credi et adversus omnes inlecebras atque omnia delenimenta muliebris ingeni est veluti solum firmamentum in nullam incidisse fabulam. Suet. Dom. 15 inter ceteras dici fabulas. Capitolin. Verus 10, 11. Spartian. Pescen. 11. cf. μυθολογεῖν. διαμυθολογεῖν.

146 DUCITUR FUNUS X 240. Many exx. in Mühlmann funus 710 a pr. b pr. Kirchmann de fun. Rom. II 1 p. 101-2. IRATIS Pers. vI 33-4 sed cenam funeris heres | negleget, iratus quod rem curtaveris. The captator, 'a gaping raven' Hor. s. 11 5 57, would be as much vexed, as the world was amused, when his prey escaped him. cf. Iuv. III 129 n. In Rome it was an affront to pass over a friend in a will Cic. Phil. II §§ 40 n. 41 n..

156

PRAECEPS. TOTOS PANDE SINUS. [I 145-151

Hor. s. II 2 95-7 grandes rhombi patinaeque | grande ferunt una cum damno dedecus. adde iratum patruum, vicinos.

PLAUDENDUM and not PLANGENDUM; they do not even feign sorrow, but like all the world, applaud the justice of such fearful ends.'

147-150 Nothing will remain for after times to add to our corruption; posterity will but ape our acts and our desires; all vice has settled at its zenith: poet, hoist sail, shake out every stitch of canvass 8795. II 162-170. г 21, 29-50. VI 21-37, 50—54, 84, 224-241, 277285, 292-351, 366-397, 562-8, 627–661. XI 162-178. XIII 5-37, 60-119, 135-160. 147 ULTERIUS IX 38 quod tamen ulterius monstrum, quam mollis avarus? Ov. f. 1 195-6. 148 MINORES II 146. VIII 234. XIV 189. 149 IN PRAECIPITI x 107. Vell. II 3 § 4 ubi semel recto deerratum est, in praeceps pervenitur. 10 § 1 adeo mature a rectis in prava, a pravis in praecipitia pervenitur. See Forc. and ind. Cels.

UTERE

VELIS says the poet to himself. Pind. Pyth. 1 91. Isthm. II 40. a very frequent metaphor in poets and rhetoricians Forc. Nizol. Bonnell. Ov. f. Iv 729, 730. Plin. ep. 11 11 § 3. IV 20 § 2 in quo tu ingenii simul dolorisque velis latissime vectus es. vI 33 § 10 dedimus vela indignationi, dedimus irae, dedimus dolori, et in amplissima causa, quasi magno mari, pluribus ventis sumus vecti. Savaro on Sidon. ep. vIII 1 ad fin. Mark the alternative in Cic. Tusc. Iv § 9 statimne nos vela facere [mavis] an quasi e portu egredientis paululum remigare? Liban. ep. 160 to a pleader πέτασον τὰ ἱστία τῆς νεώς. 150 TOTOS

PANDE SINUS Cic. 1. c. panderem vela orationis, Plin. ep. VIII 4 § 5 immitte rudentes, pande vela, ac si quando alias, toto ingenio vehere. Sen. de ira 11 31 § 5 gubernator numquam ita totos sinus securus explicuit, ut non expedite ad contrahendum armamenta disponeret.

150-171 Here perhaps you may ask 'whence a genius equal to the theme? whence that bluntness wherewith [ere Scandalum Magnatum was begot] the ancients wrote off as their blood boiled within them whatever they list, [wherewith Lucilius wrote], Whose name do I fear to pronounce? What matter, whether Mucius forgive my jests, or no? Set forth Tigellinus, and you will light up the amphitheatre by night amid those pitch-pine stakes, by which they burn as they stand, who smoke with pierced breast, and [which stakes] plough a broad furrow through the midst of the arena.' What, should he who administered poison to three uncles, ride past slung on his downy pillow, and thence look down with disdain upon me? When he shall meet you, lay your finger on your lip. 'Tis defamation but to say, That's he! You may

་

pit Aeneas against Turnus, and safely, you may wound Achilles in epic verse [cf. p. 108 1. ult.], Hylas may drop his pitcher, none will cry, not if he drown himself for company; but let Lucilius once in a glow of anger draw his sword and thunder in verse, the hearer, whose soul is chill with guilt, blushes, his heart sweats under his secret sins; hence wrath and tears count well the cost then before the trumpet sounds to battle; the plumed combatant repents too late.' [If it be so hazardous to touch the living], I will try what may be said against those whose ashes lie entombed by the highway side. 151 INGENIUM PAR MATERIAE Ov. amor. III 1 25 materia premis ingenium. ex Ponto Iv 13 46. Plin. ep. IX 2 § 2 nec materia plura scribendi dabatur. neque enim eadem nostra condicio quae M. Tulli, ad cuius exemplum nos vocas. illi enim et copiosissimum ingenium et ingenio qua varietas rerum qua magnitudo largissime suppetebat. VI 23 § 4.

MATERIAE UNDE

151 1521

DOUBLE GENITIVE. THE CENSORSHIP.

157

I

...

LIBERET

hiatus in this place 11 26. v 158. viii 241. cf. i 70 n. UNDE ILLA PRIORUM SIMPLICITAS Cic. p. Planc. § 33 ubi illa antiqua libertas ? PRIORUM SCRIBENDI SIMPLICITAS a double gen. subj. and of the gerund Madvig § 288. Reisig p. 620. Zumpt § 423 1. Ramshorn 107 2. Matthiä § 380 1. Ellendt on Cic. de or. 1 § 219. Cic. Tusc. 11 § 35 Kühner labor est functio quaedam vel animi vel corporis [gen. subj.] gravioris operis et muneris [gen. obj.]. Often one gen. depends upon another Drak. on Liv. xxv 15 § 11, which may mislead where one is a pron. Cic. p. Sull. § 2. Lael. §§ 30, 37. Nep. Att. 2 § 1. Hom. B 206. 152 SCRIBENDI QUODCUMQUE Tac. h. 1 1 of the times of Nerva and Trajan rara temporum felicitate, ubi sentire quae velis et quae sentias dicere licet. Cf. Agr. 3 on the weight of tyranny as crushing intellect. Caesar, whose clemency was proverbial, Suet. 73 Gaio Calvo post famosa epigrammata de reconciliatione per amicos agenti ultro ac prior scripsit. Valerium Catullum, a quo sibi versiculis de Mamurra [Catull. 57] perpetua stigmata imposita non dissimulaverat, satis facientem eadem die adhibuit cenae. 75 si qua posthac aut cogitarentur gravius adversus se aut dicerentur, inhibere maluit quam vindicare. . . . acerbe loquentibus satis habuit pro contione denuntiare ne perseverarent, Aulique Caecinae criminosissimo libro et Pitholai carminibus maledicentissimis laceratam existimationem suam civili animo tulit. He burnt unread the private correspondence of Pompeius Dio XLI 63 $$ 5, 6, and Scipio XLIII 13 § 2; and avenged himself on Cicero's encomium of Cato in no other way than by writing an Anticato § 4. Augustus for many years allowed the utmost licence of speech Suet. 51, 54, according to the advice put into the mouth of Maecenas by Dio LII 31 §§ 5-8; later, Suet. 55, when lampoons were dispersed against him in the senate, id modo censuit, cognoscendum posthac de eis, qui libellos aut carmina ad iniuriam cuiuspiam sub alieno nomine edant. Iunius Novatus 51 was fined for publishing a pseudonymous pasquil against Aug. 56 iocis quoque quorundam invidiosis aut petulantibus lacessitus, contradixit edicto. Of old Tac. a. 1 72 facta arguebantur, dicta impune erant. primus Augustus cognitionem de famosis libellis specie legis eius [i. e. maiestatis] tractavit, commotus Cassii Severi libidine, who had libelled men and women of rank. This was about A. D. 8. Cassius was banished, Tac. Iv 21, to Crete and afterwards, as he gave new offence, to Seriphos; his writings were condemned to destruction Suet. Cal. 16. A.D. 23 Aelius Saturninus, Dio LVII 22 § 5, was thrown from the Tarpeian for some 'unseemly' verses against Tiberius. A.D. 35 Cremutius Cordus was accused by creatures of Seianus of calling Cassius 'the last of the Romans;' Cordus starved himself to death, and his books were burnt by the aediles Tac. a. IV 34-5. Dio LVII 24 SS 3, 4. Suet. Tib. 61, who adds that Mamercus Scaurus was accused and punished and his play destroyed, quod in tragoedia Agamemnonem probris lacessisset; cf. Tac. VI 9, 29. Dio LVIII 24 §§ 3, 4, who calls the tragedy Atreus. So far had Tib. departed from his early profession Suet. 28 in civitate libera linguam mentemque liberas esse debere. Plin. ep. 1 5 § 5 of his uncle scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis, cum omne studiorum genus paulo liberius et erectius periculosum servitus fecisset. A.D. 62, Tac. XIV 48-49. Xvi 21, Antistius Sosianus, then praetor, was accused by the son-in-law of Tigellinus of having recited at a feast a lampoon against Nero; the proposed sentence of death was commuted for deportation. Among the victims of Domitian, Suet. 10, Hermogenes of Tarsus was executed and his copying clerks crucified propter quasdam in historia figuras; Aelius Lamia ob sus