35-39] CARUS. THYMELE. LATINUS. SUMMOVEO. 103 PALPAT See Forc. Apul. m. v 31 palpare Veneris iram saevientem. 36 CARUS A pet dwarf of Nero's schol. cf. VIII 32 n. See Tac. above. Mart. XII 25 5 ecce reum Carus te detulit. Soon after the condemnation of Massa, Carus accused Senecio of treason for writing a life of Helvidius Priscus (v 36 n.) Plin. ep. vII 19 § 5, and for seeking no office after the quaestorship Dio LXVII 13 § 2. Tac. h. 1 2 nobilitas, opes, omissi gestique honores pro crimine. The book was burnt in the forum by the triumviri capitales Tac. Agr. 2. Plin. ib. § 6, and Senecio executed Dio 1. c. Tac. Agr. 2, 45. Plin. ep. 15 § 3 Carus to Regulus, fiercely reviling Senecio, quid tibi cum meis mortuis? THYMELE from θυμέλη (θυμελικός also occurs) & stage name. Mart. 1 54 5,6 to Domitian qua Thymelen spectas derisoremque Latinum, | illa fronte precor carmina nostra legas. Th. then and L. were colleagues, mimus and mima. VIII 197 zelotypus Thymeles, where a noble plays the part of her jealous husband. vi 66 Thymele tunc rustica discit, where, with all her skill, she is but a simple country girl to Bathyllus in his women's characters. Lat. in a panic sends her secretly (submittit) to appease the more potent informer. LATINO Marius Maximus in schol. Iv 53 names Latinus archimimus as a powerful informer under Domitian. Mart. 1x 29 Dulce decus scenae, ludorum fama, Latinus ille ego sum, plausus deliciaeque tuae. Cato, the Curii and Fabricii would have relaxed under my spell; but it is only on the stage that I act vice; my 'lord' and 'god' reads the heart, nec poteram gratus domino sine moribus [cf. Iuv. Iv 12 n.] esse. He reported the news of the day to Domitian at dinner Suet. 15. On his acting see Mart. 11 72 3. III 86 3. v 61 11. Iuv. vi 41 (subject, an adulterer ensconced in a trunk). On other actors powerful in the imperial court, Bathyllus, Mnester, Paris (two of the name), Pylades, Apelles of Ascalon, and the Jew Alityros, a mimus by whose aid Josephus vit. 3 obtained from Poppaea the release of some Jewish priests, sent bound to Rome by Felix, see Friedländer r3 104-106. 37 SUMMOVEANT III 124. The technical term for the lictor clearing Cic. ad Att. I 16 § 5 noctes certarum mulierum. Hor. c. 1 1 5, 6 palmaque nobilis | terrarum dominos evehit ad deos. Forc. Gesn. caelum. Hor. ep. 1 10 9 Obb. 39 VIA Luc. rhet. praec. 24 where Pothinus, son of a sempstress by a slave, first for his bare maintenance σvvv TIVI κακοδαίμονι καὶ γλισχρῷ ἐραστῇ, and found this the easiest road τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην ῥᾴστην οὖσαν. Climbing to the summit of his hopes, by the means of those best pódia, boldness, ignorance, impudence, he changed his name and attached himself to an old lady of 70, with only four teeth remaining, and those stopped with gold. Famine sweetened the icy 'kisses from the coffin', and made him endure the labour' (Tòv álλov). 104 PROCESSUS. BEATA. UNCIOLA. QUISQUE. [I 39-43 He would have been her sole heir, had not a 'detestable slave' revealed that he had bought poison for her. Cf. Charidemus in Mart. x1 87 3 nunc sectaris anus; o quantum cogit egestas! PROCESSUS advancement. Sen. ben. 1 11 § 5 honor et processus ad altiora tendentium. tranq. an. 2 §§ 10, 11 alienis incrementis inimicissima invidia...aversatione alienorum processuum. Suet. Vesp. 1 Sabinus ad praefecturam urbis... Vespasianus ad principatum usque processit. rhet. 1 ut nonnulli ex infima fortuna in ordinem senatorium atque ad summos honores processerint. M. Sen. contr. II pr. § 4 p. 116 10 fratribus tuis ambitiosa curae sunt foroque se et honoribus parant,...ego quoque eius alioqui processus avidus. Orell. inscr. 3530. See Forc. Among those who mounted by this ladder was Otho Suet. 2 libertinam aulicam gratiosam, quo efficacius coleret, etiam diligere simulavit quamvis anum ac paene decrepitam; per hanc insinuatus Neroni, facile summum inter amicos locum tenuit. So Vitellius Suet. 3 existimatus corporis gratia initium et causa incrementorum patri fuisse. So Seianus and Livia Tac. an. Iv 3; Tigellinus, below 155 n. IRN 218. VESICA VI 64. BEATAE 67. VI 204. XIV 120 n. Hor. ep. 1 2 44 Obbar quaeritur argentum puerisque beata creandis | uxor. Το εὐδαίμων, μákaр, öλßios, eine gesegnete Ernte. Cic. p. Tull. § 19. Cuper obs. III 1. Heins. on Ov. am. 1 15 34. Hor. c. 11 18 14 satis beatus unicis Sabinis, (cf. Plin. ep. III 4 § 2 1. 22 n.). Sil. 1 609 610 castaque beatos | paupertate patres. Claudian Probr. et Olybr. cons. 46 assiduos intrare inopes, remeare beatos. Stat. cited on 22. ་ 40 UNCIOLAM also Hier. ep. 123 § 15 a paltry twelfth.' Iustin. inst. II 14 § 5 hereditas plerumque dividitur in duodecim uncias, quae assis appellatione continentur. habent autem hae partes propria nomina ab uncia usque ad assem: ut puta haec: sextans, quadrans, triens, quincunx, semis, septunx, bes, dodrans, dextans, deunx, as. Caesar, Suet. 83, made Octavius his heir ex dodrante, L. Pinarius and Qu. Pedius ex quadrante. Cic. p. Caecin. § 17 facit heredem ex deunce et semuncia Caecinam, ex duabus sextulis M. Fulcinium...; Aebutio sextulam adspergit. See Brisson form. vIII 18-21. The as is any whole, divided into 12 parts, and an uncia is of a foot (inch), of a lb. (ounce), of a iugerum, a sextarius, an hour (Plin. XVIII § 325) or an estate. The Romans knew no other system of fractions than this duodecimal one. Hultsch gr. u. röm. Metrologie, Berl. 1862, 60 seq., 112 seq. Marquardt III (2) 42 seq. Gron. de sest. III 11. 41 vr 371-2. Ix 34. Mart. x 55. Dio LXXIX 16. Lampr. Comm. 10 Cas. PARTES QUISQUE SUAS Sen. tranq. an. 2 § 5 ex quo agnoscet quisque partem suam. ['quisque uterque; as sometimes in Cicero Livy etc.' H.A.J. M.]. See VIII 196 n. Ruhnk, on Ov. her. 19 169. Lucan 1 126, 127 of Caesar and Pompeius magno se iudice quisque tuetur | victrix causa deis placuit, sed victa Catoni. Munro on Lucr. III 333. Quintil. 111 6 § 102. AD MENSURAM VI 358-9 nec se metitur ad illum | ...modum. M. Sen. contr. II 13 § 7 p. 159 1. 21 ad praescriptum. Sen. de ira II 28 § 2 quam angusta innocentia est ad legem bonum esse. § 3 ad formulam. So ad lineam, ad normam, ad certum pondus, Hand Turs. I 108, 109. 42 SANE v 123. x 183. by all means.' MERCEDEM SANGUINIS Satirical; otherwise XIV 164 merces haec sanguinis atque laboris. Plaut. Bacch. 372 (Holyday) apage istas a me sorores, quae hominum sorbent sanguinem. 43 PALLEAT Pers. v 15 pallentis radere mores. Sen. vit. beat. 7 § 3 43 44] LUGDUNENSEM RHETOR DICTURUS AD ARAM. 105 ... voluptatem... mollem, enervem, pallidam. de ben. vII 27 § 3 indignare inpudicos, indignare senes pallidos. UT NUDIS PRESSIT QUI CALCIBUS ANGUEM Hom. Γ 33, 35 ὡς δ ̓ ὅτε τίς τε δράκοντα ἰδὼν παλίνορσος ἀπέστη... ὠχρός τέ μιν εἷλε παρειάς. Aen. II 379, 380 inprovisum aspris veluti qui sentibus anguem | pressit humi nitens trepidusque repente refugit. Ov. f. 11 341-2. 44 LUGDUNENSEM ARAM After the pacification of Gaul by Drusus B. C. 12 he convoked an assembly at Lyon (-dunum Fr. dune, downs), where at the confluence (Sen. de morte Claud. 7 § 2 9-13) of the Saône Arar and Rhône Rhodanus the 60 peoples of Gallia comata raised an altar inscribed with their names and also a statue for each (Strab. IV 192. Dio LIV 32, who says that the festival was still maintained in his day). Claudius was born at Lyon (Sen. ib. 6 § 1) 1 Aug. B. c. 10 Suet. 2 eo ipso die quo primum ara ibi Augusto dedicata est, meaning perhaps, on the anniversary of the dedication. The first priest was an Aeduan C. Iulius Vercundaridubnus Liv. epit. 139. The temple was dedicated to Rome and Augustus. cf. Suet. Aug. 52 templa... in nulla... provincia nisi communi suo Romaeque nomine recepit, nam in urbe quidem pertinacissime abstinuit hoc honore. Lugdunum founded by fugitives from Vienne Vienna and made a Roman colony B. c. 43 (Dio XLVI 50. Sen. ep. 91 §14) was already in Strabo's time the most populous city in Gaul except Narbo; its position, readily accessible from Rome, and communicating by land and river with all parts of the country, fitted it to become a centre of commerce and of government. This altar, the common sanctuary of the commune (Koóv) provinciae (cf. the amphiktionies and the great Tavηyúpes of Greece) was designed to subvert the national Druidical religion. Marquardt 11 (1) 268 seq. Iv 424 scq. Suet. Aug. 59 provinciarum pleraeque super templa et aras ludos quoque quinquennales paene oppidatim constituerunt. A similar altar at Tarraco Quintil. vI 3 § 77; the ara Ubiorum in Germany Tac. ann. 1 57 Lips. The altar of Lyon is often named on coins (Eckhel Iv 196. vI 736 seq.) and inscriptions Henzen 5965 C. CATVLIO DECIMIO AVGvsti III PROVinciarvm GALLiae. cf. ind. 48 b. See Am. Thierry, hist. d. Gaulois bk. vIII c. 2, Cless in Pauly s. v. Ukert II (2) 465, Aug. Bernard le temple d'Auguste et la nationalité gauloise, Lyon 1864, 4to. RHETOR DICTURUS VII 150-214. Polemo the rhetorician Philostr. soph. 1 25 § 22 recommended as the severest of tortures the committing to memory a dull harangue ἀρχαῖα ἐκμανθάνειν, and seeing a gladiator in mortal fear, ἱδρῶτι ῥεόμενον καὶ δεδιότα τὸν ὑπὲρ Tŷs Yʊxês dyŵva, he said, 'you are in an agony like one rising to declaim' οὕτως ἀγωνιᾷς, ὡς μελετᾶν μέλλων. Iuv. alludes to the story in Suet. Calig. 20 edidit...in Gallia miscellos [ludos]; sed hic certamen Graecae Latinaeque facundiae, quo certamine ferunt victoribus praemia victos contulisse, eorundem et laudes componere coactos; eos autem, qui maxime displicuissent, scripta sua spongia linguave delere iussos, nisi ferulis obiurgari aut flumine proximo mergi maluissent. It was in the winter A.D. 39-40 that C. Caesar (Caligula) gave this entertainment Dio LIX. 22 § 1. The punishment of a flogging was that of incapable actors Lucian piscat. 33. apolog. 5. Philostr. Apoll. v 7 §§ 1, 3, and combatants in athletic games K. F. Hermann gottesd. Alterth. 50 20, Reimar on Dio LXIII 9. So too Aug. Suet. 45 controlled the licence of togatarii and pantomimi. Caligula Suet. 55 flogged with his own hand any spectator who vel leviter obstreperet, while Mnester was acting. So lanus in the council of the gods respecting Claudius Sen. de morte ... SACERDOti AD TEMPLvm ROMae ET 106 CALIGULA. AD. IECUR. GREGES COMITUM. [I 44-46 Cl. 9 3 proximo munere inter novos auctoratos ferulis vapulare placet. But Caligula claims him as his slave 15 § 2, and produces witnesses, qui illum viderant ab illo flagris ferulis colaphis vapulantem. The ducking also was a part of this irreverent nephew's discipline Suet. Claud. 9 fremente Gaio patruum potissimum ad se missum quasi ad puerum regendum, adeo ut non defuerint, qui traderent praecipitatum quoque in flumen, sicut vestitus advenerat; where the point of the jest is the same as here, the censor uncle (ne sis patruus mihi) like the venerable professors of rhetoric, being treated as a schoolboy. Camillus had anticipated the jest, but on a fitter subject, the treacherous master of Falerii Liv. v. 27 § 9 denudatum deinde eum manibus post tergum illigatis, reducendum Falerios pueris tradidit, virgasque eis, quibus proditorem agerent in urbem verberantes, dedit. Ducking at the Saturnalia Lucian Sat. 2, 4, a penalty for clumsiness in waiting at table; the victim's face first blackened with soot. Caligula himself spoke the funeral orations for Livia and for Tiberius Suet. 10, 15. Dio LVIII 28 § 5. LIX 3§ 8, and was not destitute of oratorical power Ios. ant. XIX 2 § 4. Tac. XIII 3. Suet. 53; A.D. 39 he was on the point of putting to death as dangerous rivals Seneca and Quintilian's model Domitius Afer; the latter only escaped by feigning unbounded admiration of the emperor's speech against him Dio LIX 19. Cf. respecting Nero Suet. 12 and Tac. XIV 20-21; on the study of rhetoric in Gaul Iuv. xv 111 n. AD ARAM 57. 104. II 147. III 11. 65. IV 117. 141, v 4. vi 267. 409. 603. VIII 157. 225. x 45. 161. x 9. 98. XIV 260. xv 42. xvi 14. vI 345 sed nunc ad quas non Clodius aras? x 83. So mihi est ad portum negotium. ad Apollinis. ad gallinas. Hand I 92. IECUR ARDEAT IRA 45-50 My liver burns hot, when a guardian, rich with the orphan's heritage, blocks the street with his train of clients, while his ward eats the bread of prostitution; when Marius, condemned not punished, mulcted in fame not in purse, sits down in exile to carouse a full hour before Rome dines, and counts heaven's curse a blessing, while plundered Africa cries out upon the barren verdict. 45 QUID REFERAM Ov. her. 12 129. 14 109. 10 31 quid referam quotiens. met. vII 734. amor. I 5 23. tr. III 7 43. Stat. s. 1 3 64. VI 648. Aug. de gen. ad litt. vII § 20 physicians assert that they can prove that all flesh has in it ignis.. fervidam qualitatem, cuius sedes in iecore est. Hor. c. 1 13 4 fervens difficili bile tumet iecur. s. 19 66 meum iecur urere bilis. cf. the taunt of the master of spleen Archilochus in Ath. 107 f. xoλnv yàp oùk ëxeis épaтı. Galen vIII 160 refers to incontinentis Tityi iecur as an evidence that Tò éπIOνμηTIKÒV has its seat in the liver. cf. v 506–521. Anger he places in the heart, see ind. hepar, ira. 46 GREGIBUS X 45. Mart. cited on 32. carm. in Pis. 122-124 nec enim tibi dura clientum | turba rudisve placet, misero quae freta labore | nil nisi summoto novit praecedere volgo. Mart. III 46 to a patron exigis a nobis operam sine fine togatam [Iuv. III 127 n.], I send my freedman in my stead; he can carry the litter which I can scarce follow; in turbam incideris, cuneos umbone repellet, | invalidum est nobis ingenuumque latus. See Marquardt v (1) 153, 268. Lucian Nigr. 13 a dandy at Athens, in all the bravery of gay colours and gold, μάλ' ἐπίσημος καὶ φορτικὸς ἀκολούθων ὄχλῳ, in the gymnasia and baths ὀχληρὸς ἦν θλίβων τοῖς οἰκέταις καὶ στενοχωρῶν τοὺς ἀπαντώντας, when a wag hinted He must fear assassi nation in the bath, yet all is peace here; no need of an army. So they stripped him of his motley and his purple by jesting at rò åvenpòv tŵv 46-49] REPETUNDAE. EXUL AB OCTAVA MARIUS BIBIT. 107 robe. III 244 seq. COMITUM PREMIT Xpwμάτwv, Spring is come; Whence this peacock? 'Tis his mother's ward119 n. vII 131 n. 142. HIC.. HIC x 227. Hor. ep. 1 17 39 Obbar. So x 91 n. ille...ille. SPOLIATOR PUPILLI XV 135 n. Sen. ben. IV 27 § 5 dementissime testabitur, qui tutorem filio reliquerit pupillorum spoliatorem. Cic. p. Q. Rosc. § 16 pupillum fraudare, qui in tutelam pervenit. Hor. ep. II 1 122-3 non fraudem sotio puerove incogitat ullum pupillo. 47 PROSTANTIS III 65. VI 123. DAM IX 24. cf. VII 239 n. Rein Criminalr. 863-5. NATUS INANI IUDICIO M. Sen. contr. II 15 § 1 p. 173 1. 11 seq. Illud, iudices, mihi tormentum est, quod notata iudicio vestro ut multiplicatam dotem perdat, plus tamen ex quaestu habet et habitura est quam quantum damnatae perdendum est. Suet. Caes. 42 poenas facinorum auxit; et cum locupletes eo facilius scelere se obligarent, quod integris patrimoniis exulabant, parricidas... bonis omnibus, reliquos dimidia parte multavit. 48 QUID ENIM SALVIS INFAMIA NUMMIS? XIV 153 n. Apul. cited on 55. Plaut. Pers. III 159 dum dos sit, nullum vitium vitio vortitur. By the lex Iulia repetundarum passed by Caesar in his first consulship B. c. 59, the penalties for extortion were a fourfold fine, expulsion from the senate, exile in graver cases, and the degree of infamia called intestabilitas; i. e. the condemned could neither give evidence, nor prosecute, nor sit as iudices dig. 19 2. XXII 5 15. xxviii 1 20 § 5. XLVIII 11 6 § 1. Rein in Pauly repetundae and Criminalr. 623-630, the trials for this crime under the empire 637-672. On the sufferings of the provinces see Iuv. VIII 87-137. hist. Aug. Avid. Cass. 14. 49 EXUL dig. XLVIII 11 7 § 3 extortion punished by exilium or more severely, according to the offence; shedding innocent blood for money or in passion merits capital punishment or deportation to an island. AB OCTAVA XI 204 n. The usual hour being the 9th Cic. ad fam. Ix 26 accubueram hora nona. Mart. IV 86 imperat exstructos frangere nona toros. x1 52 1, 3 cenabis belle, Iuli Cerealis, apud me | octavam poteris servare; lavabimur una. x 48 1. Hor. ep. 1 7 70, 71. Aug. de mor. Manich. § 29 alter...exquisitas et peregrinas fruges multis ferculis variatas et largo pipere aspersas nona hora libenter assumat. Sometimes as late as the 10th hour or later Mart. III 36 5. vII 51 1. x 70 13. An early dinner, tempestivum convivium, was luxurious, as breaking into the working day Hor. c. 1 1 20 nec partem solido demere de die. s. 11 8 3 de medio potare die. Tac. XIV 2 Lips. medio diei, cum id temporis Nero per vinum et epulas incalesceret. Apul. Ix 5 quanto me felicior Daphne vicina, quae mero et matutino prandio saucia cum suis adulteris volutatur. ib. 14 matutino mero. VII 1 diurnis potationibus. Salm. on Vopisc. Florian. 6. Marquardt v (1) 270, 307. Becker Gallus III 230. Lex. tempestivus. Hand II 205. MARIUS VIII 120 cum tenues nuper Marius dis cinxerit Afros. Plin. ep. II 11 Marius Priscus, who had been proconsul in Africa, was accused by the Afri A. D. 99. Pliny (ad Trai. 3=20 § 2, cf. paneg. 95) and Tacitus were ordered to prosecute. Marius had received 300,000 sesterces for the banishment of one eques and the execution of seven of his friends; for 700,000 he bastinadoed, condemned to the mines, and at last strangled another eques. The case was heard in the senate Jan. 100 before Trajan, then consul. Marius had already been condemned § 29, and degraded when tried before iudices § 12 stabat modo consularis, modo septemvir epulonum, iam neutrum. After a 3 days' trial it was decreed that the 700,000 should be paid into the treasury, and that Marius should |