238. Pronunciation, as has been observed, Proverbs. 1. Endeavor to improve in conhad a very comprehensive meaning among versation. 2. He who is wise in small matters, the ancients, taking in the whole compass of will be wise in large ones. 3. Never say a fooldelivery, and involving every thing we see ish thing. 4. None can speak so feelingly of an and hear in modern elocution: it is now con-advantage, as he who has suffered by neglecting fined within narrower limits, and has refer-it. 5. Let not the sun go down on your wrath ence only to the manner of sounding words. 6. Our minds are moulded and fashioned by the It is much to be regretted, that there is not books we read. 7. Better be good, and not seem nore agreement, even among literary and so, than seem good, and not be so. 8. A pleasant cientific men, with regard to this important journey is dearly bought, with the loss of home. 9. He, only, is a man, who governs himself. 10. ranch of our subject: but when we reflect, All have power to distinguish between right that not one in a hundred, takes it up syste- and wrong. 11. Turn a deaf ear to obscene matically, and masters its principles, it is not words 12. All things are proven by contrast. suprising that there is so much discrepancy. Good Sense. It will preserve us from cenThis consideration of inattention to the sub-soriousness; will lead us to distinguish cirject should put us on our guard against fol- cumstances; keep us from looking after vislowing their examples in every respect, and ionary perfection, and make us see things in of yielding implicit obedience to their whims their proper light. It will lead us to study and oddities. There is so much self-love and dispositions, peculiarities, accommodations; pride of intelligence, as well as passion for to weigh consequences; to determine what novelty, prevalent in the world, that the stu- to observe and what to pass by; when to be dent in elocution, as well as in every thing immoveable, and when to yield. It will proelse, should cleave to acknowledged and well duce good manners, keep us from taking established principles; and regard what is freedoms, and handling things roughly; will most useful instead of what is new. never agitate claims of superiority, but teach us to submit ourselves one to another. Good sense-will lead persons to regard their own duties, rather than to recommend those of others.

239. There are general as well as specific rules, for pronunciation: a partial idea of which, may be obtained from this manual of Elocution. The author has been engaged, for many years, in compiling a Dictionary, on an entirely new plan, so arranged, that when one has learned the definitions of a few hundred words, he can accurately define as many thousands; and with the use of his perfect alphabet, he will know the sound of every letter, the instant he sees it, and how to pronounce each word, without re-spelling, with the same facility. All things are governed by fixed principles, when they are in true order; and when the principles of Pronunciation are properly developed, and applied, they will be found as simple and effective, as those of Elocution and Music.

Notes. 1. As the voice is often affected, by a derangement

of the respiratory and articulating organs: a few observations are made on some of their causes and remedies. 2. Colds and Coughs -are the effects of sudden exposure to a cold atmosphere, by which the pores of the skin, (which is an exhalent surface,) beconies constringed and obstructed; which obstructions may be removed, by restoring to the skin, (which is the safety-valve of the tystem,) its usual offices. When one has taken cold, the mucus membrane of the lungs, and air passages, (which are also exha lents,) emit a new fluid-to compensate for the interruption in the office of the surface of the body; and, as this new secretion con. cists of humors, which can be of no further use to the system, it excites a muscular effort, called a Cough; by which it is detached from the surface of this inner skin, and expectorated. One of the best remedies is a Vapor Bath, with an application of cold water, and friction immediately after.

Anecdote. A parish clerk, having, according to custom, published the banns of matrimony, between a loving couple, was followed by the minister, who gave out the hymn, commencing with these words-" Mistaken Bouls! that dream of Heaven."

Recson gains all men -by compelling-none.

Varieties. 1. Is not a true knowledge of the Divine Being, the foundation of religion, and the corner-stone of the church? 2. Every improper indulgence of the passions, increases their strength for evil. 3 Few seem to be aware, how much depends on the culture of our social nature. 4. It is a great happiness-to be free from suspicion; but a greater, to be free from offence. 5. To be without passion, is worse than a beast; and to be without reason, is worse than a man. 6. The refined pleasures of a truly pious mind, are far superior to the coarse gratifications of sense. 7. God gave no faculty of mind, or body, to men, but those which he meant should be exerted, and honor him in his design; the perversion of those faculties, and acting from, in, and by them, contrary to God's design, makes the evil, disease, and death.

THE DAY OF LIFE.
The morning hours-of cheerful light,
Of all the day-are best;
But, as they speed their hasty flight,
If every hour-be spent aright,
We sweetly sink-to sleep-at night,
And pleasant is our rest.
And life-is like a summer's day,
It seems so quickly past:
Youth-is the morning, bright, and gay,
And, if 'tis spent in wisdom's way,
We meet old age-without dismay,

And death-is sweet-at last.
Oft, the cloud, that wraps the present hour,
Lives-but to brighten-all our future days.

240. PAUSES, are indications of silence; Proverbs.. 1. A bird is known by his nota they were introduced with the art of printing;-and a man by his talk. 2. There are many, and it is questionable, whether they have aid- who glory in their shame. 3. A good characur ed us much in learning to read or speak: for is a badge of excellence, that cannot long be com if there were no pauses, we should be comcealed. 4. Never more, or less, than enough. 5 pelled to exercise the mind, so far as neces- Some-rather imitate greatness, than goodness. sary to understand the author. Pauses in 6. There is misery in want, and danger in excess. speech, are analagous to rests in music; and 7. Good sayings, belong to all; evil actions only there are seven different kinds in each art; all to their authors. 8. A knowledge of the way, is a of which must be thoroughly understood, in farther we go, the farther we are from home. 10 good part of the journey. 9. If we go wrong, tho their essence, to read, write, or sing correctly. Reform yourself first, and then, others. 11. The The true principles of notation, or pauses, fool-wanders; the wise—travel. are found only in the measure of speech, wind; seeing is believing. which is based on the philosophy of mind, Inadequacy of Language. Words involving the exercise of thinking and feel- are poor weapons. The most beautiful verses ing. The use of pauses is to aid in making-are those which we cannot express. The the sense clearer, and should be only just long diction of every language is insufficient; and enough to answer their end.

241. There are TWO KINDS of pauses,Grammatical and Rhetorical. Grammatical pauses are distinguished by characters, and are addressed to the eye, as well as to the ear. The shortest pause is called a comma, () which indicates a silence of one second. The teacher is recommended to count, at every pause, while the pupil reads; the same as is done at the rests in music; this exercise, is the surest to accomplish the object. Ex. 1. Do to others, as you would they should do to you. 2. None can be a disciple of the graces, but in the school of virtue. 3. Be armed with courage, against thyself, against thy passions, and against thy flatterers. 4. Every leaf, every twig, and every drop of water, teems with life. 5. The colors of the rainbow are- ·violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.

12 Words aro

every day, the heart of man finds, in the delicacy of his sentiments, and the imagination discovers-in the impressions of visible nature, things, which the mouth cannot embody for want of words. The heart, and the thought of man-are like a musician-driven to play infinitely varied music-on an organ, which has but few notes. It is sometimes more advisable to be silent than to speak. Silence-is felt by the soul, and appreciated by God; and that is enough.

Varieties. 1. Is not the doctrine of the divinity, and humanity-of the Lord Jesus Christ, the touch-stone, by which the christian church is to be tried? 2. The life of a christian-is his walk; Christ is his way, and heaven-his home. 3. A coward in the field, is like a wise man's fool; he does not know what he professes; but a coward in the faith, is like a fool, in his wisdom, he does not 242. Examples to Illustrate the Pauses. profess what he knows. 4. Virtue-consists The three grand degrees of all existences are in the faithful performance of our duty, from -what is natural, HUMAN and DIVINE. love to God, and love to man; and vice-ir The three grand divisions of all natural the neglect of our duty from a love of self things are-earths, waters and atmospheres. and a love of the world. 5. The heart of a The three kingdoms of nature are the min-worthless man-is as unfixed, and change eral, the vegetable, and the animal. The able, as the fitful wind. 6. The tongue may three divisions of the mineral kingdom are speak the loudest; but the heart-the truest. the soils, the rocks, and the precious stones. 7. Look at the form, consider the desire, and The three divisions of the vegetable kingdom act, and mark the end; for thereby you may are-grasses, plants and shrubs, and trees. know the nature of all created beings. The three divisions of the animal kingdom are-into those that creep and walk on the earth, those that swim, and those that fly. Each of these divisions is divided in trines; according to which, all things exist, and subsist.

Anecdote. An agent, soliciting subscribers for a book, showed the prospectus to a man, who, after reading-"one dollar in boards, and one dollar and twenty-five cents in sheep,"-declined subscribing, as he might not have boards or sheep on hand, when called upon for payment.

The humble man, when he receives a wrong,
Refers revenge-to whom it doth belong.

This world's not "all a fleeting show,
For man's illusion given;"—
He that hath sooth'd a widow's wo,
Or wip'd an orphan's tear, doth know
There's something here of Heaven.
And he, that walks life's thorny way,
With feelings calm and ever,
Whose path is lit, from day to day,
By virtue's bright and steady ray,

Hath something felt of Heaven,
He, that the christian's course hath run,
And all his foes forgiven,
Who measures out life's little span
In love to God-and love to man,
On earth, hath tasted Heaven.

H

at home, that you would among strangers. 3. At the close of each day, carefully review your conduct. 4. Avoid unpleasant looks. 5. Be not over anxious for money. 6. Acquire the useful-first: the brilliant-afterwards. 7. A virtuous youth, spoils many good precepts. 9. It costs more to rewill make a happy old age. 8 One ill examplevenge injuries, than to bear them. 10. For the evidence of truth, look at the truth itself. 11. A friend is known, when needed. 12. Who robe a scholar, robs the public.

246. A Colon, (:) marks a pause of thre Proverbs. 1. Eigion says-love all; and seconds; or while one can count three, delib-hate none. 2. Observe all those rules of politeness erately. Principles-are tested by their application; but even then, we must think, as well as feel, and ascertain the whys and wherefores. 1. Read the sacred Scriptures: they are the dictates of divine wisdom. 2. Harbor no malice in thy heart: it will be a viper in thy bosom. 3. Do not insult a poor man his situation entitles him to our pity. He, that studies only man, will get the body without the soul: he that studies only books, will get the soul, without the body: wisdom says, study both. 5. Partially deaf persons, more easily hear a moderately loud voice with a clear articulation, than a very loud one, that is rapid and indistinct: so it is with a weak voice, in addressing a large assembly.

247. COINCIDENCE. Washington- -was born, Feb. 22d, 1732, was inaugurated,

Experience. In early youth, while yet we live among those we love, we love without restraint, and our hearts overflow in every look, word and action. But when we enter the world, and are repulsed by strangers, and forgotten by friends, we grow more and more timid in our approaches, even to those we love best. How delightful to us, then, all affection, they fly into our arms; and are the caresses of children! All sincerity, then only, we feel the renewal of our first confidence, and first pleasure.

1789 and his term of service expired in the 66th year of his age: John Adams was born, Oct. 19, 1735; inaugurated, 1797; term expired in the 66th year of his age: Thomas Jefferson was born, April 2d, 1743; inaugurated, 1801; term expired in the 66th year of his age: Madison was born, March 5th, 1751; inaugurated, 1809; term expired in the 66th year of his age: Monroe was born, April 2d, 1759; inaugurated, 1817; term expired in the 66th year of his age: all these five presi-juices; but, by the serpent, they are converdents were men of the Revolution, and ended their term of service in the 66th year of their age.

218. BREATHING. When we sit at our case, and are not exercising the voice, our breathing is slow and regular; and the more we speak, work, or sing, the more frequently must we inhale fresh air; because the expenditure is greater at such times: many persons fall victims to this neglect; and little is our primary instruction in reading calculated to aid us in appropriate breathing; the results of which are, exceedingly bad habits, inducing impediments in vocal efforts, disease and death. Oh, when shall we be wise, and understand these things? How hard to learn, even by experience!

Anecdote. A Mutual Mistake. Two gentlemen were riding in a stage-coach; when one of them, missing his handkerchief, rashly accused the other of having stolen it; but soon finding it, had the good manners to beg pardon for the affront; saying it was a mistake: to which the other replied, with great readiness, and kind feeling, "Don't be uneasy; it was a mutual mistake: you took me for a thief; and I took you, for a gentle

man."

It is a vain attempt
To bind the aritious and unjust, by treaties;
These-they eluze-a thousand specious ways.

Varieties. 1. What is more revoltingthan the idea of a plurality of Gods? 2. An evil habit, in the beginning, is easily subdued; but being often repeated, it acquires strength, and becomes inveterate. 3. The bee and the serpent-often extract the same

ted into poison; while by the bee, they are
converted into honey. 4. He, that aims at the
sun, will not hit it, but his arrow will fly
higher, than if he aimed at an object on a le-
vel with himself. 5. Is there not a place and
state, for every one, and should not every one
be in his proper state and place? 6. Those
little words, "try," and "begin," have been
great in their results: "I can't”—never did
anything, and never will: "Ill try” — has
done wonders. The ministry of angels-
is that of supplying us with spiritual reasons,
truths, and love-principles, whensoever we
stand in need of them.

Gold-many hunted, sweat-and bled for gold;
Waked all the night, and labored all the day:
And what was this allurement, dost thou ask?
A dust, dug from the bowels of the earth,
Which, being cast into the fire, came out
A shining thing, that fools admired, and called-
A god; and, in devout and humble plight,
Before it kneeled, the greater-to the less.
And on its altar-sacrificed ease, peace,
Love, charity, benevolence, and all
Truth, faith, integrity; good conscience, friends,
The sweet and tender sympathies of life;
And to complete the horrid-murderous rite,
And signalize their folly, offered up
Their souls, and an eternity of bliss,
To gain them-what? an hour of dreaming jog
A feverish hour-that hasted to be done,
And ended-in the bitterness of wo.