be disclosed. When we consider how much has been deduced from the fact, that the single name of Ptolemy was preserved in the hieroglyphical part of the Rosetta stone, we cannot doubt, that when Egypt shall have been thoroughly ransacked, the means of reading her now difficult legends will be so multiplied as to put us in possession of all they conceal. The Rosetta stone itself informs us, that a similar stone was set up in several other temples. Some one of these, unmutilated, may yet be brought to light. A great abundance of papyri are in existence, written both in hieroglyphics and enchorial characters, from which much may be learned. Meantime, however, care ought to be taken, by those whom it concerns, not to trifle with the public curiosity and impatience, with such reports as that of the papyrus at Aix, containing a complete hieroglyphical history of the conquests of Sesostris. That the walls of the temples and the obelisks are inscribed with historic legends, there can be now no doubt, and we may soon hope to be favored with some of these venerable records, which excited the curiosity of the Grecian and Roman traveller. The following passage from Tacitus teaches us, that, with M. Champollion for our interpreter, we cannot well place our expectations too high. Speaking of the generous curiosity of Germanicus to explore the sources of the Nile, and describing his excursion to Upper Egypt for this purpose, Tacitus thus proceeds; Germanicus next visited the vast remains of ancient Thebes. And as Egyptian characters still remained on the massy edifices, one of the elder priests was directed to interpret the dialect of his country. The priest explained them to signify, that seven hundred thousand men, capable of bearing arms, formerly inhabited the city; and that with this army the king Ramses, made the conquest of Libya, Ethiopia, Media and Persia, Bactriana, and Scythia, and extended his empire over the territory of the Syrians and Armenians and their neighbors the Cappadocians, from the Bithynian to the Lycian sea. In like manner were explained to him the tribute imposed on the subject nations, the weight of silver and gold, the quantity of armor, the number of horses, the ivory and perfumes as gifts for the temples, the grain and the supplies of all kinds to be furnished by each people, to an extent of magnificence not exceeded in the Parthian or Roman empire at the present day.' * Many of the structures, charged with these inscriptions, remain to the present day! *Tacit. Annal. ii. lx. We have already observed, that M. Champollion has returned from Egypt, with the materials of one of the most important works, which the age has produced, and which will probably, in no very long period, be given to the world. It will doubtless require, in order to be understood, that the reader should have a pretty accurate general knowledge of M. Champollion's system. Such an idea can be very conveniently obtained from M. Greppo's essay, as translated and illustrated by Mr. Stuart. His labor, therefore, has been bestowed upon this undertaking at a very seasonable moment; and we close our article with recommending it in the strongest terms, to the lovers of learning in our country. It will lay open to the philologian a wide field of ingenious literary speculation. The student of history will find, that it puts him on the path to rich and hitherto unexplored regions. The theologian will be made acquainted with a new source, from which the sacred volume may be illustrated; and the general reader will derive from it, within a small compass, a large accession of new and curious views. E. Everitt ART. VI.-1. Report from the Committee on Commerce to whom was referred so much of the President's Message, as relates to the Commerce of the United States with Foreign Nations, &c. Read and referred, Feb. 8, 1830. 2. A Review of Mr. Cambreleng's Report from the Committee of Commerce. By MEPHISTOPHELES. Baltimore. 1830. 3. Exposition and Protest reported by the Special Committee of the House of Representatives on the Tariff. Read and ordered to be printed, Dec. 13, 1828. 4. Mr. Mc Duffie's Speech in the House of Representatives on the Bill reported by the Committee on Manufactures for the more faithful Collection of the Revenue. Delivered April 26, 1830. The great advantages that must naturally result from the introduction of home manufactures into the United States, are sufficiently obvious, and are hardly denied even by those who are most hostile to the protecting system. Independently of the obvious considerations of political expediency, which render it the duty and the policy of every nation to depend as lit tle as possible on foreign labor for articles of ordinary consumption, and looking at the subject merely under an economical point of view, it is evident, that the influence of home manufactures upon the condition of the citizens of every portion of the country, is in the highest degree favorable. The general operation of these establishments is to check emigration from the settled to the unsettled parts of the country-to increase the population, and with it the wealth and comforts of the former, and to raise the standard of civilization and morals throughout the whole. They encourage the agriculture of the Southern States, by holding out to the planters in addition to the foreign demand for their staples, a new and rapidly increasing domestic one, which will very soon surpass the former in importance, as much as it now does, and always must, in stability and certainty. They supply the cultivators of the Middle and Western States with an ample market for their provisions, which are now, and always will be in times of peace, excluded from the ports of most other countries. They furnish the monied men of the Eastern States with a lucrative and safe investment for the accumulated capital, which no longer finds employment in commerce or the national funds. By supplying products at lower prices than those of foreign ones of the same description, and in exchange for others that in many cases could not be exported, they enable the citizens of every section of the country to consume manufactures in larger quantities, and thus to obtain a fuller enjoyment of the necessaries, comforts, and luxuries of life. They are, therefore-economically viewed-a great and equal benefit to the whole community. The political and moral advantages that result from them are not less apparent. By retaining the rising generations of the people in the neighborhood of their homes, and within the domestic circles to which they belong, they keep them under the influence of the strongest natural motives to virtue. By substituting the cultivation of the arts of social life, and the tastes, manners, and habits that result from it for those of the roving emigrant, or the solitary settler in the wilderness, they improve the character of the people, and elevate the standard of civilization. They finally perfect and accomplish the great work of our national emancipation, which was only begun by the political separation from the mother country, and which will be fully completed when we shall have learned to supply ourselves at home with all the products, which our domestic resources are fitted to furnish, including the first and noblest of them all, the products of the mind. When we shall have succeeded in relieving ourselves from the sort of colonial relation in which we have hitherto stood to the mechanical and intellectual workshops of Europe-when we shall have acquired an economical and moral, as well as a political independence we shall then possess a real national existence, and may fairly claim the honors-till then unmerited-of a selfsubsisting substantive community. We have said above, that the great advantages which result from the possession of domestic manufactures, are hardly contested, even by those most hostile to the protecting policy. They have in fact been seldom stated in a more satisfactory form, than they were by Dr. Cooper, in a paper published in the year 1813, from which we make the following extract. The learned President of Columbia College was then as decidedly in favor of the encouragement and protection of domestic manufactures as he is now opposed to them. We quote his ancient opinions, however, not so much for the purpose of bringing them into contradiction with his present ones-we are not anxious that an individual who has obtained what he thinks new light upon a great subject, should be estopped by any declarations which he may have made of his former views from publishing his new ones, although we always regret to see a change of this kind happen under circumstances, which have a tendency to render the motive of it in any way doubtful-but because we really do not know where we could find within the same compass, a more distinct and forcible statement of the leading ideas on this side of the question. 'Our agriculturists want a home market. Manufactures would supply it. Agriculture, at great distances from sea-ports, languishes for want of this. Great Britain exhibits an instance of unexampled power and wealth by means of an agriculture, greatly dependent on a system of manufactures-and her agriculture, thus situated, is the best in the world, though still capable of great improvement. 'We are too much dependent upon Great Britain, for articles that habit has converted into necessaries. A state of war demands privations, that a large portion of our citizens reluctantly submit to. Home manufactures would greatly lessen the evil. 'By means of debts incurred for foreign manufactures, we are almost again become colonists-we are too much under the influVOL. XXXII.-NO. 70. 17 ence, indirectly, of British merchants and British agents. We are not an independent people-manufactures among us would tend to correct this, and give a stronger tone of nationality at home. I greatly value the intercourse with that country of pre-eminent knowledge and energy; but our dependence upon it is often so great, as to be oppressive to ourselves. The state of agriculture would improve with the improvement of manufactures, by means of the general spirit of energy and exertion, which no where exists in so high a degree as in a manufacturing country; and by the general improvement of machinery, and the demand for raw materials. 'The home trade, consisting in the exchange of agricultural surpluses for articles of manufacture, produced in our own country, will, for a long time to come, furnish the safest and the least dangerous, the least expensive, and the least immoral, the most productive and the most patriotic employment of our surplus capital, however raised and accumulated. The safest, because it requires no navies exclusively for its protection-the least dangerous, because it furnishes no excitement to the prevailing madness of commercial wars the least expensive, for the same reason that it is the safest and the least dangerous-the least immoral, because it furnishes no temptation to the breach or evasion of the laws, to the multiplication of oaths and perjuries, and to the consequent prostration of all religious feeling and all social duty-the most productive, because the capital admits of quicker return; because the whole of the capital is permanently invested and employed at home; because it contributes, directly, immediately, and wholly, to the internal wealth and resources of the nation; because the credits given, are more easily watched, and more effectually protected by our own laws, well known, easily resorted to, and speedily executed, than if exposed in distant and foreign countries, controlled by foreign laws and foreign customs, and at the mercy of foreign agents the most patriotic, because it binds the persons employed in it, by all the ties of habit and of interest, to their own country; while foreign trade tends to denationalize the affections of those whose property is dispersed in foreign countries, whose interests are connected with foreign interests, whose capital is but partially invested at the place of their domicil, and who can remove with comparative facility from one country to another. The wise man observed of old, that 'where the treasure is, there will the heart be also;' and time has not detracted from the truth of the remark. 'We have a decided superiority in the raw materials of cotton, hemp, and flax; in our alkalies for glass-works; in the hides and the tanning materials of the leather manufactory; and we can easily procure that advantage, so far, at least, as our own con |