264, 265, 280.

Sound dues, history of, 109.

South African Republic, protectorate
of, 52; war in, 230, 324.
South American states, husbands in,
acquiring citizenship of wife, 125;
views of, as to extradition, 143.
Sovereign, exemptions and privileges
of, in foreign countries, 135, 136.
Spain, relations of, to Treaty of
Utrecht, 76; interference in affairs
of, 85; relations of, to Great Pow-
ers, 90; attitude of Congress of
Verona as to, 91; convention of,
as to the Suez Canal, 111; juris-
diction of, as to foreign-born sub-
jects, 123; termination of treaty
of, with United States, 215; ves-
sels of, during war with the United
States, 222, 246; attitude of, as to
Declaration of Paris, 247, 255, 302.
Spheres of influence, theory of, 92,
103, 104.

Spies, status of, 236, 237, 265.
Sponsions, defined, 201, 269.
State officers, exemptions of, 136-
139.

State papers, as a source of interna-
tional law, 31-35.

Suzerainty, instances of, 53.
Sweden, relations of, to Great Pow-
ers, 90; sale of territory by, to
France, 101; jurisdiction of, over
foreign-born subjects, 123.
Switzerland, neutralization of, 23,
52, 278; state existence of, before
recognition, 41; jurisdiction of,
over foreign-born subjects, 123,

124.

Taxes, lien of state for, 98; upon
property of diplomatic agent, 182;
of enemy subjects, 242; collection
of, by an occupying state, 242, 260.
Telegraph, status of, in war, 240,
248; cables, 310.

Telephone, status of, in war, 240.
Terceira expedition, what it was,
288.

Termination of treaties, 214; war,
270-274.

Territorial waters. See Three-mile
Limit.

Territory, acquisition of, 98-102;
cession of, jurisdiction over, 101;
formed by alluvium, 102; as deter-
mined by rivers and lakes, etc. 102,
annexation of, 126.

debts in time of war, 274.

Steamers, status of, in war, 240.
Stock, held by enemy in public debt,
242.

Straits, jurisdiction of, 109.
Stratagems, use of, 253.
Submarine cables, convention for
the protection of, 32, 248; censor-
ship of, 310.

Suez Canal. See Canals.
Sulphur, as contraband of war, 305,
306.

Supplies of war, not to be furnished

by neutral to belligerent, 294;
ships carrying, 310. See Muni-
tions of War.

Supreme Court of the United States,
30, 31

112-114, 120, 287.

Transfer of territory, 100, 101; alle-
giance, 126.

Transport, ships of, 310.

Transvaal, war of, with Great Brit-
ain, 230.

Treaties, as a source of international
law, 31-33; intervention, be-
cause of, 82; of United States as
to Canadian fisheries, 114-116; of
extradition, 142; definition of,
198; other forms, 199-202; negoti-
ation of, 202-209; validity of, 209,
210; classification of, 210-212; of
London, 1831, 1839, 211; inter-
pretation of, 212-214; termination
of, 214, 216; denunciation of, 216;
abrogation or suspension of, 234;

of peace, 272-274; as to canals,
279, 280; as to free vessels making
free goods, 300 et seq.
Treaty of Berlin, suzerainties estab-
lished by, 53; relations of, to Great
Powers, 92; provision of, as to a
portion of Bessarabia, 100; closing
ports, 118; servitudes, 146; Congo,
278.

Treaty of Paris, relations of, to Great
Powers, 92; provision of, as to
Bessarabia, 100; provision of, as
to Bosphorus, etc., 110; relations of,
to Ottoman Empire, 211; provi-
sions of, as to privateering, neutral
goods, enemy's goods, and block-
ade, 247, 254, 398.
Trent, case of, 309.

Tribunal, none, of international law,
11.

Triple Alliance, nations parties to, 92.
Troops, internment of belligerent,

286, 290; enlistment of, for bellig-
erent service, 295.
Troppau, Congress of, 90.
Truce. See Flags of Truce.
Turkey, recognition of, 44; suze-
rainty of, 53; application of bal-
ance of power to, 83; policy as to
territory of, 91, 92; portion of,
ceded to Roumania, 100; treaty of,
with Russia as to Bosphorus, etc.,
110; convention of, as to Suez
Canal, 111; letters of minister
to, 163.

Uniform of enemy, use of, 252.
United States, agrees to the Treaty
of Paris, 33; diplomatic papers of,
34; recognition of other countries
by, 44-49; suzerainty of, over In-
dians, 53; intervention of, in case
of Venezuela, 78; Cuba, 85; atti-
tude of, as to the Monroe Doctrine,
93; extinguishment of Indian title
by, 99; cession of "Horse-shoe
Reef to, by Great Britain, 100;
sale of Alaska, Louisiana, and
the Philippines to, 101; territory

of, formed by alluvium, 102;
claim of, to jurisdiction over
Chesapeake and Delaware bays,
108; attitude of, as to sound dues,
109; Dardanelles, 110; Bering Sea,
113, 116, 117; jurisdiction of, over
foreign-born subjects, 122-124; as
to marriage, 125; laws of, as to
naturalization, 125-130; attitude
of, as to Koszta, 129, 130; juris-
diction of, over aliens, 131; courts
of consuls of, 140, 141; attitude of,
as to diplomatic agents, 178 et seq.;
diplomatic practice of, 183–186;
French language used in treaties
of, 206; making and ratification of
treaties of, 207-209; termination of
treaty of, with Spain, 215; atti-
tude of, as to embargo of 1807, 222;
naval war code of, 222, 400; vessels
of, during war with Spain, 222; at-
titude of, as to, blockade of Crete,
223, 224; Spanish vessels during
war with Spain, 246; Declaration
of Paris during war with Spain,
247, 255, 302; volunteer navy of,
256; destruction of vessels by, in
War of 1812, 259; attitude of, as
to ransom, 259; salvage, 260, 261;
practice of, as to exchange of pris-
oners, 263; guaranty by, of neu-
trality of trans-isthmian canal,
279; neutrality laws of, 283, 296,
417; attitude of, as to Alabama
case, 297; treaties of, as to free
ships making free goods, 300 et
seq.; articles enumerated by, as
contraband of war, 304 et seq.;
attitude of, as to convoy, 313;
blockade, 319, 320; continuous
voyages, 322; practice of, as to
prize courts, 325 et seq.; repeal
by, of law as to prize money, 327.
Unneutral service, what it is, 308-
310.

Uti possidetis, Doctrine of, 273, 274.
Utrecht, Peace of, as an epoch in
international law, 21 et seq., 77,

206.

Venezuela, boundary line of, 78.
Verona, Congress of, 77, 91.
Vessels, classes of, 117; nationality
of, how determined, 117; jurisdic-
tion over, 117-121; status of, at
sea, 245 et seq.; in port at out-
break of hostilities, 246; voluntary
and auxiliary navy, 255-257; cap-
ture and ransom of, 257-258; post-
liminium, 260-262; cartel, 265; in
case of neutral relations between
states and individuals, 298-328.
visit and search of, 310-313. See
Privateering, Right of Asylum.
Vienna, Congress of, settling of court
precedence by, 89; determination
of rank of state agents by, 155 et
seq.; language used in, 206; as to
neutralization, 278, 279.

Visit and search, right of, 310, 311;
object of, 311; method of, 311, 312;
seizure in case of, 312, 313.
Volunteer and auxiliary navy of,
Prussia, 255, 256; Greece, 256;
Russia, 256; Great Britain, 256;
United States, 256.

War, definition of, 229; commence-
ment of, 229, 230; declaration of,
231, 232; object of, 232, 233; gen-
eral effects of, 233, 234; persons
affected by, 235; combatants in,

235-237; non-combatants in, 237,
238; public property of the enemy
in, 239, 240; real property of
enemy subjects in, 240, 244; per-
sonal property of enemy subjects
in, 241-244; vessels, 245, 246; goods,
247; submarine telegraphic cables,
248, 249; belligerent occupation
during, 250-252; forbidden meth-
ods in, 252-254; privateers in, 254,
255; voluntary and auxiliary navy
in, 255, 257; capture and ransom
in, 257-259; postliminium in, 260-
262; prisoners and their treat-
ment in, 262-264; non-hostile rela-
tions of belligerents in, 264-269;

methods of termination of, 270–274.
Warlike expedition, what is a, 289.
Washington, President, attitude of,
as to neutrality, 282.

Waters, as affecting jurisdiction,
102 et seq.

Webster, Daniel, views of, in case
of the "Caroline," 435.
Westphalia, Peace of, as an epoch in
international law, 19.

Wisby, laws of. See Sea Laws.
Women, nationality of, 125.
Works of art, exemption of, 239,
247.
Writers, upon international law, 24-
28, 33, 34.