Atilicinus, ii. 14 pr.
auctoritas tutoris, where and where
not necessary, i. 21 pr. and 1: ii. 8. 2:
required for aditio hereditatis and
such kinds of acts, ib. 1: mode in
which it should be given, ib. 3.
Augustus, i. 11. II: ii. 12 pr. ii. 23.
1, ib. 12: ii. 25 pr.

B

bankruptcy, avoided by institution of
a necessarius heres, ii. 19. 1: by
addictio bonorum libertatis causa, iii.
II. I form of, under Justinian, iii.
12 pr.: see bonorum emptio, bo-
norum possessio, cessio bonorum.
beneficium competentiae, iv. 6. 36-
38.

divisionis, iii. 20. 4.

separationis, ii. 19. 1.

bona fide possession, ii. I. 33, 34, 35:
ii. 6 pr., ib. 3 and 7: iv. 17. 2.
bona vacantia, ii. 6. 9.
bona vi rapta, iv. 2 pr.: the action on
the delict praetorian, ib.: amount of
the penalty, ib., cf. iv. 6. 19: always
implies dolus malus, ib. I constitu-
tions of earlier emperors as to the
violent taking of property on the plea
that it is one's own, ib.: iv. 15. 6:
the thing raptum need not be in bonis
of the plaintiff, iv. 2. 2.

bonorum emptio, obsolete under Jus-
tinian, iii. 12 pr.

bonorum possessio, as a preliminary
to bankruptcy proceedings, i. 26. 9:
iii. 10. 3: iii. 12 pr.

a form of inheritance introduced
by the praetor to amend the ius civile,
iii. 9 pr.: or in some cases to con-
firm or supplement it, b. 1: three
kinds of, ib. 3: time fixed by the
praetor within which it must be
demanded, ib. 8: dies utiles only
reckoned, ib. 9: imperial constitu-
tions made any expression of inten-
tion to accept sufficient, ib. 10: bo-
norum possessio intestati, its degrees,
iii. 9. 3: unde liberi, iii. 1. 9: unde
cognati, iii. 1. 13: iii. 2. 3: iii. 3 pr.:
can be claimed only by relations
within the sixth degree, with one
exception, iii. 5. 5: certain of the
degrees or classes made unnecessary
by Justinian, viz. unde decem per-
sonae, iii. 9. 4, tum quam ex familia
and unde liberi patroni, etc., ib. 5,
unde cognati manumissoris, ib. 6:
bonorum possessio contra tabulas, ii.
13. 3: iii. 1. 12: iii. 9. 3: bonorum

possessio secundum tabulas, ii. 17. 6:
iii. 9. 3: bonorum possessio ex lege,
iii. 9. 7.

C

calumnia, ii. 23. 12: iv. 16. 1.
capitis deminutio, defined, i. 16 pr.:
its three kinds, ib.: maxima, defined
with examples, ib. I : minor or media,
ib. 2: minima, ib. 3: of tutor or
pupil, its effect, i. 22. 4: effect of,
on deminutus' will, ii. 17. 4 and 6:
minima, no bar to succession under
SC. Tertullianum and Orfitianum,
iii. 3. 2.

Cassius, iii. 24. 4.

Cato, i. 11. 13.

causa adrogationis, i. 11. 3: manumis-
sionis, see iusta causa: traditionis,
ii. I. 40: possessionis, ii. 6 pr.:
falsa, in usucapio, ii. 6. 11: in lega-
cies, ii. 20. 31: lucrativa, ii. 20. 6:
omnis causa (fruits, accessions, etc.),
iv. 17. 3.

cautio, as evidence of stipulation, iii.
19. 12, ib. 27: iii. 21.

by usufructuary owner of res quae
usu consumuntur, ii. 4. 2: in cases of
bonorum addictio libertatis causa, iii.
II. I and 2: de dolo, de persequendo
servo, etc., iii. 18. 1: iuratoria, iv. 11.
2 see satisdatio.
Celsus, ii. 20. 12.

cessio bonorum, iii. 25. 8: iv. 6. 40:
iv. 14. 4.

church, the, legislation in favour of,
iii. 27. 7: iv. 6. 19, ib. 23, ib. 26: iv.
16. 1.

Claudius, iii. 3. 1.

codex of Theodosius, iii. 1. 16.
codicilli, origin of, in Augustus' reign,
ii. 25 pr. no necessity for preceding
will, ib. I need not be expressly
confirmed in a will subsequently
made, ib. hereditas cannot be given,
nor exheredatio be made in, though
both and other things may be done
by codicillary fideicommissum, ib. 2:
any number may be made, and no
solemn form required, ib. 3.
cognati, distinguished from agnati, i.
15. 1: iii. 5. 1-3.
cognatio, effects of capitis deminutio
on, i. 15. 3: i. 16. 6: the degrees of,
reckoned in the ascending, descending,
and collateral lines, iii. 6 pr.: enu-
merated, ib. 1-6: each generation
removes the relationship by one de-
gree, ib. 7 genealogical table of, ib.
9: cognatio among slaves, ib. 10.
colonus, ii. I. 36: iv. 6. 7: iv. 15. 3.

commixtio, ii. 1. 28.
commodatum, iii. 14. 2: distinguished
from mutuum, ib.: is gratuitous, ib.:
who can sue, if res commodata is
stolen, iv. 1. 16.

compensatio, originally allowed only

in bonae fidei actions: extended to
those stricti iuris by a rescript of
M. Aurelius: Justinian's changes, iv.
6. 30: ib. 39.

condemnatio in an action: must be
certae pecuniae or rei, iv. 6. 32.
condicio, in connection with dies, i.
20. 1 iii. 15. 2: iii. 16. 2: iii. 19.
5 iii. 26. 12: iii. 29. 3: iv. 6. 33.
condictio, on mutuum, iii. 14 pr. and
1: on stipulatio, iii. 15. pr.: origin
and definition of, iv. 6. 15: furtiva,
ii. 1. 26: iv. I. 19: iv. 6. 14: inde-
biti, iii. 14. 1, cf. iii. 27. 6: cases of
solutio per errorem in which it is
excluded, iii. 27. 7.
conditions in institution of heir, ii.
14. 9: in legacies, ii. 20. 32 and 33:
impossible, in wills, ii. 14. 10: in
stipulations, iii. 19. 11: alternative
and conjunctive conditions in wills,
ii. 14. 11.

confusio, ii. 1. 27.

consilium, in manumissions, i. 6. 4:
distinguished from mandatum, iii.
26. 6.

consolidatio, ii. 4. 3.

constitutio Antonini, i. 8. 2.

Justiniani, i. 5. 3: i. 6. 2: i. 7
pr.: i. 10 pr. and 13: i. 11. 3 and
12: i. 12. 4, ib. 6: i. 19: i. 20. 5: i.
22 pr.: i. 25. 13: ii. 1. 8 and 40: ii.
4. 3 ii. 6 pr. and 14: ii. 7. 1, 2, 3
and 4: ii. 8. I and 2: ii. 9. 1: ii. II
pr. and 6: ii. 12. 3: ii. 13. 5: ii. 14
pr.: ii. 16. 1: ii. 18. 2, 3 and 6:
ii. 19. 6 ii. 20. 2. 23, 27, 34, 35
and 36: ii. 23. 12: iii. I. 2, 14 and
16: iii. 2. 3, 4, 7 and 8: iii. 3. 4: iii.
6. 10: iii. 7. 3 and 4 : iii. 9. 4
and 5:
iii. 10. 1: iii. 11. 7: iii. 19. 12: iii.
21 pr. iii. 23 pr.: iii. 27. 7: iii.
28 pr.: iii. 29. 3: iv. 6. 8, 24, 25,
30, 33: iv. 13. 2: iv. 16. 1: iv. 18. 8.
constitutio Leoniana, iii. 15. I.

Severi, ii. 6. 13: iii. 9. 5.

Zenonis, ii. 6. 14: iii. 24. 3: iv.
4. 10: iv. 6. 34: iv. 13. 10.
constitutiones, defined, i. 2. 6: gene-
rales and personales, ib.
constitutum, the action on, iv. 6. 9.
construction of terms in a will, i. 14. 5.
continuatio dominii, in succession of
sui heredes ab intestato, iii. 1. 13:
temporis, in usucapio, ii. 6. 12 and 13.

contracts, the four kinds of, iii. 13. 2:
most of them originate in the ius gen-
tium, i. 2. 2: innominate, iii. 24. I
and 2: performance of, in respect of
place, iii. 15. 5, and of time, iii. 19.
26 and 27: impossibility of perform-
ance, ib. 2: see obligatio.
contracts of slaves and children in
power, liability of master and pater
on, iv. 7: the actio quod iussu, ib. 1:
actiones exercitoria and institoria, ib.
2: tributoria, ib. 3: de peculio et in
rem verso, ib. 4: plaintiff generally
has option between some of these
remedies: their respective advantages,
ib. 5: sometimes can bring condictio
as alternative, ib. 8.
contumacia, iv. 17. 6.

correi promittendi and stipulandi, iii.
16.

costs of suit, iv. 16. 1.

criminal prosecutions, see iudicia
publica.

cura, a munus publicum, i. 25 pr.
curator, i. 21. 3: who have curators:
minors, i. 23 pr.: furiosi and pro-
digi, ib. 3 idiots, deaf, dumb, etc.,
ib. 4 curator, where appointed, in
addition to tutor, ib. 5: mode of
appointment, ib. 1 and 3: cannot be
forced on a minor 'praeterquam in
litem,' ib. 2: can be appointed ad
certam causam, ib.: satisdatio of, i.
24: iv. II pr.: competition for sole
administration between two or more
curators, I. 24. 1: procedure where
none of several curators offers satis-
datio, ib.: magistrates responsible for
their appointments, ib. 2-4: grounds
of excuse from serving the office of
curator or tutor, i. 25: viz. having a
certain number of children, ib. pr.:
being employed by the fiscus, ib. 1:
absence rei publicae causa, ib. 2: lis
de omnibus bonis vel hereditate be-
tween ward and tutor or curator, ib.
4 already serving three such offices,
ib. 5: poverty, ib. 6: extreme ill-
health, ib. 7 want of education. it.
8: malicious appointment by pater,
ib. 9: irreconcileable enmity with
pater, ib. 11, or status controversia,'
ib. 12: old age or minority, ib. 13:
being a soldier, ib. 14, or a gramma-
ticus, rhetorician or physician intra
numerum,' ib. 15: allegation of ex-
cuse, how and when to be made,
ib. 16.

customary Law (ius non scriptum, diu-
turni mores), i. 2. 9: ii. 16 pr.: iii.
o pr.: iv. 17 pr.

D

damnum iniuria datum, governed by
the lex Aquilia, iv. 3 pr.: its first
chapter (unlawful killing of slaves and
certain animals) and penalty, ib.:
animals hereunder included, ib. 1:
' unlawful killing' more precisely de-
fined, ib. 2 illustrations, ib. 4-8:
does not include accident, ib. 3: lia-
bility for culpa under the statute, ib.:
meaning of the penalty, ib. 9: exten-
sion of the statute by construction, ib.
10: plaintiff may elect between civil
remedy and a criminal prosecution,
ib. II second chapter of the statute
obsolete, ib. 12: third chapter, relating
to all other kinds of damnum, ib. 13:
penalty under, ib. 14, 15: iv. 6. 19:
actio utilis or in factum under, iv.
3. 16.

dediticii, i. 5. 3: iii. 7. 4.

deductio de peculio, iv. 7. 4.
defensor, iv. II. 5: defensores civita-
tum, i. 20. 5.

deportatio in insulam, i. 12. 1: i. 22.
1: iv. 18. 2, 7, 8 and 9.
depositum, iii. 14. 3: no set-off allowed
in action on, iv. 6. 30: miserabile,
iv. 6. 17 and 23.

derelictum, what is, ii. 1. 47 and 48.
dies, see condicio: dies cedit, ii. 20.
20 and 32: venit, iii. 15. 2.

Digest, the, reference to, i. 10. 11: iii.
23. 2: iv. 6. 2, 5 and 37: iv. 13. 6:
iv. 14. 3: iv. 18. 12.

dignitas, loss of, no capitis deminutio,
i. 16. 5.

diligentia, iii. 14. 2, 3 and 4: iii. 24.
5 iii. 25. 9 iii. 27. 1: iv. 1. 17.
dispensator, iii. 26. 10.
divi fratres, i. 25. 6.

dolus and culpa, iii. 23. 3: iii. 25. 9:
iv. 1. 17: iv. 3. 3 and 14.
donatio, inter vivos, differs from that
mortis causa in the difficulty of revo-
cation, ii. 7. 2: necessity of traditio
for, ib. insinuatio in acta, how far
necessary, ib. in certain cases revo-
cable, ib. mortis causa, defined, ib.
I; assimilated in legal treatment to
legacy, ib.: propter nuptias, ib. 3.
dos, i. 10. 12: ii. 7. 3: ii. 20. 15: iii.
1. 2: iii. 19.4: iii. 24. 3: actions for
recovery of, iv. 6. 39.

:

dotale praedium, lex Iulia relating to,
ii. 8 pr. new legislation of Justi-
nian, ib.

dotis exactio, i. 10. 12.

retentio, iv. 6. 37.

duplicatio, iv. 14. 1.

electio in legacies, ii. 20. 22, 23: in
alternative stipulation, iv. 6. 33.
emancipati, their rights in intestate
succession, iii. 1. 9: rights of eman-
cipator, iii. 2. 8.
emancipation, old form of, i. 12. 6:
by imperial rescript, ib. Justinian's
changes in the law of, ib.: rights of
emancipator over emancipatus, ib.:
cannot be enforced by children, ib. 9:
its effect on the peculium, ii. 9. 2:
pater allowed to retain usufruct of
half, ib. emancipation under Justi-
nian always implies a fiducia, iii. 2. 8.
emphyteusis, iii. 24. 3: the law of
Zeno confirmed by Justinian, ib.
emptio venditio, the contract con-
cluded as soon as the price is agreed
on, iii. 23 pr., except where the par-
ties agree that it shall be in writing:
Justinian's change, ib.: vendor not
bound to convey unless the price is
paid, or security or credit given, ii.
I. 41: where fixing of the price is
left to a third person, iii. 23. 1: price
must be in money: former doubts
whether exchange was a distinct con-
tract, ib. 2: periculum rei venditae,
ib. 3: conditional sales, ib. 4: pur-
chase of things extra commercium :
remedy of purchaser if deceived by
vendor, ib. 5.

exceptio, a form of defence to an

action, iv. 13 pr.: in some cases
statutory, in others praetorian, ib. 7:
perpetua or peremptoria, ib. 9: tem-
poralis or dilatoria, ib. 10: effect of
prosecution of suit in face of the
latter, ib., iv. 6. 33: ex persona dila-
toria, iv. 13. 11: exceptio of prin-
cipal debtor usually available to his
surety, iv. 14. 4.

exceptio doli mali, ii. 1. 30, 32, 33
and 34: iv. 13. I.

exceptio in factum composita, iv.
13. I.

iurisiurandi, iv. 13. 4.
metus causa, iv. 13. I.

nisi bonis cesserit, iv. 14. 4.
pacti conventi, iii. 15. 3: iv. 13. 3.
pecuniae non numeratae, iii. 21:
iv. 13. 2.

procuratoria, iv. 13. 11.

rei a fisco emptae, etc., ii. 6. 13.
rei iudicatae, iv. 13. 5.
exheredatio, of filiusfamilias, must be
made nominatim, ii. 13 pr.: of
daughters, grandchildren, etc., in
power, may be made inter ceteros,

ib. of postumi, ib. 1: of persons
postumorum loco, ib. 2: of emanci-
pati, required by the praetor, ib. 3
and 4 of adoptive children, ib. 4:
Justinian's changes in the law of,
ib. 5 not necessary in a military tes-
tament, ib. 6: nor in will of mother
or maternal ancestor, ib. 7.
extinctae res, ii. 1. 26.

F

fideicommissarii, may witness will
under which they take, ii. 10. 11.
fideicommissum, impossible condition
in, taken pro non scripto, ii. 14. 10:
at first less strictly interpreted than
legacy, ii. 20. 3: to incertae personae,
ib. 25: to be executed after heir's or
fideicommissarius' death, ib. 35: ori-
ginally not binding in law, ii. 23. I:
made binding by Augustus, ib.: con-
ditions of, under a will, ib. 2: fidei-
commissa pura, sub condicione, and
ex die certo, ib.: position of fidei-
commissarius, as quasi-heir or quasi-
legatee, ib. 3: relation between heres
and fideicommissarius under the SC".
Trebellianum and Pegasianum, ib. 5-
9: case of heres being directed to
retain some single thing, equal to,
more, or less than his fourth, ib. 9:
fideicommissa ab intestato, ib. 10;
fideicommissarius may himself be
made fiduciarius, ib. 11: method of
proving fideicommissa ab intestato,
ib. 12: fideicommissa of res singulae,
may be imposed on legatee as well as
on heir, ii. 24 pr.: what may be
given in this way, ib. 1: usual form
of fideicommissa, ib. 3.
fideiussio, can precede the principal
obligation, iii. 20. 3: mode of creating
in Greek, ib. 7: document in evidence
of, proof of the contract, ib. 8.
fideiussors, iii. 20 pr.: can be added
to any obligation, civil or natural, ib.
1: their contract binds their heirs,
ib. 2: cofideiussors bound each in
solidum, ib. 4: cannot be bound for
more than the principal debt, ib. 5:
meaning of 'more,' ib.: paying fide-
iussor has actio mandati against his
principal, ib. 6: can generally plead
exceptiones open to his principal, iv.
14. 4.

fiducia, in emancipations, iii. 2. 8.
filiusfamilias, contracts of, iii. 19. 6:
iv. 7: delicts of, iv. 8. 7.
fiscus, usucapio of property of, ii. 6. 9:
purchase of res alienae from, ib. 14:

change in the law by Zeno, ib.:
succession by, to reus perduellionis,
iii. 1. 5 to intestate persons, iii.

II. I.

freemen, either ingenui or libertini, i.
3.5.

fructus, become property of usufruc-
tuary only by perceptio, ii. 1. 36:
what the term comprehends, ib. 37:
fructus consumpti, ii. 1. 35: iv. 17. 2
and 4 fructus percepti, belong to
bona fide possessor, ii. 1. 35: cf. iv.
17. 2 and 4.

furiosus, consent of, not necessary for
his children's marriage, i. 10 pr.: as
tutor, i. 14. 2: cannot make a will,
except in a lucid interval, ii. 12. 1:
cannot witness a will, ii. 10. 6: con-
tracts of, iii. 19. 8: curator of, i.
23. 3.

furtum, derived, iv. 1. 2: defined, ib.
I implies animus furandi, ii. 6. 5:
iv. 1. 7 and 18: the kinds of, ib. 3;
manifestum and nec manifestum, ib.:
conceptum, oblatum, prohibitum, and
non exhibitum, obsolete in Justinian's
time, ib. 4 penalties for, ib. 5: in
connection with commodatum and
pignus, ib. 6 and 7: with servus cor-
ruptus, ib. 8 of free persons, ib. 9:
of res sua, ib. 10 of domestic ani-
mals, ii. 1. 16: law of, in relation to
res extinctae, ib. 26: furtum of pro-
perty thrown out to lighten a vessel,
ib. 48 usucapio in relation to, ii. 6.
2, 3, 4 and 6: of immoveables, im-
possible, ib. 7: accomplices in fur-
tum, iv. I. 11: assistance necessary
as well as advice to render an accom-
plice liable, ib.: by filiusfamilias or
slave, of property of pater or domi-
nus, ib. 12: by impubes, ib. 18: the
different actions on, ib. 19: iv. 6. 14
and 18.

the shares in, ii. 14. 5-8: damnosa,
ii. 19. 5 legitima, ii. 19. 7: iii. 2.
heres, his obligation to discharge lega-
cies quasi contractual, iii. 27. 5.

extraneus, ii. 19. 3: must have
testamentifactio at three times, ib. 4:
is entitled to an interval for delibera-
tion, ib. 5 after aditio made cannot
relinquish unless a minor, ib.: certain
earlier exceptions to this rule, ib. 6,
which is much modified by Justinian's
introduction of the inventory, ib.:
modes of acceptance and refusal, ib. 7.

necessarius, ii. 14. 1: defined, ii.
19. 1: his 'beneficium separationis,' ib.

suus et necessarius, defined, and
the name explained, ii. 19. 2: iii. 1. 2
and 8 permitted by the praetor to
abstain from the inheritance, but not
after immixtio, ib. 5: need not make
aditio on intestacy, but succeeds ipso
iure, iii. 1. 3: females as sui, repre-
sented by their children after decease,
iii. 1. 15 and 16: suus heres iure
postliminii, iii. 1. 4: suus heres barred
from the succession where the ancestor
has been adjudged guilty of treason,
ib. 5.

households of the emperor and em-
press, ii. 6. 14.

hypotheca, ii. 6. 14: distinguished
from pignus, iv. 6. 7: tacit, of wife,
for restoration of dos, ib. 29: of
dotale praedium, ii. 8 pr.: as security
in an action, iv. II. 4.

I

inaedificatio, a species of accessio, ii.
1. 29 and 30.

incertae personae, defined, ii. 20. 25:
traditio to, ii. 1. 46: sub certa de-
monstratione, ii. 20. 25.

infamia, of tutor removed for dolus, i.
26. 6: the penalty of condemnation
in certain actions, iv. 16. 2.
infantia, iii. 19. 10.
ingenui, who are, i. 4 pr.
ingenuitas, intermediate slavery no
bar to, i. 4. 1.

iniuria, defined, iv. 4 pr.: comprises
assault, libel, etc., ib. 1: through
whom it may be suffered: children in
power and wife, ib. 2: slaves, ib. 3:
to joint-owners through servus com-
munis, ib. 4: iniuria through usufruc-
tuary slave, ib. 5: to free man or
alienus servus bona fide serviens or
possessed, ib. 6: penalty of, accord-
ing to the XII Tables, altered by the
praetor, ib. 7: lex Cornelia on, ib. 8:

iniuria atrox, defined, ib. 9: plaintiff
can choose between civil and crimi-
nal remedy, ib. 10: viri illustres may
bring or defend criminal prosecution
through a procurator, ib.: accessories,
ib. 11 right to sue extinguished by
dissimulatio, ib. 12.

in ius vocatio of parent or patron
without praetor's permission, iv. 6.
12 iv. 16. 3.

insinuatio, see acta.

institutio of heir, ii. 14: who may be
instituted, ib. pr. and 12: institution
of servus proprius and alienus, ib. pr. :
effect of manumission and alienation
on institution of slave, ib. I: institu-
tion of servus hereditarius, or one
belonging to an unknown person, ib.
2 of slave owned in common, ib. 3:
of postumus alienus, ii. 20. 28: of
the emperor for improper purposes,
ii. 17. 8: any number of heirs may
be instituted, ii. 14. 4: institutio sub
condicione, ex tempore, and ad tem-
pus, ib. 9: impossible condition in
institution taken pro non scripto, ib.
10: institution preceded by legacies
or manumissions, ii. 20. 34: poenae
nomine, ib. 36.

interdicts, their nature, iv. 15 pr.:
most usual in disputes about posses-
sion, ib. prohibitory, restitutory and
exhibitory, ib. 1: adipiscendae pos-
sessionis, ib. 3: retinendae possessi-
onis, ib. 4: recuperandae possessionis,
ib. 6: simple and double, ib. 7: pro-
cedure, ib. 8.

interdictum quorum bonorum, iv. 15. 3.
Salvianum, iv. 15. 3.
unde vi, iv. 15. 6.

uti possidetis, iv. 15. 4 and 7.
utrubi, iv. 15. 4 and 7.

:

interpretatio of the XII Tables, i. 17:
iv. 18. 5 of the lex Aquilia, iv. 3. 10.
intestacy, defined, iii. 1 pr.: succes-
sion on, given by the XII Tables first
to sui heredes, iii. 1. 1, division among
them being per stirpes, ib. 6: time to
ascertain who is suus heres, ib. 7;
given by the XII Tables after sui to
the nearest agnate, iii. 2 pr.: time to
ascertain who is nearest agnate, ib. 1
and 6: no successio graduum among
agnates till Justinian, ib. 7: succes-
sion of mother to children under SC.
Tertullianum, iii. 3: her rights en-
larged by Justinian, ib. 4 and 5, sub-
ject to her duty of procuring them
tutors if impuberes, ib. 6: succession
of children to mother under SC. Orfi-
tianum, iii. 4: succession after sui