The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Mun to Pay

J. Bra.

Author of Die Liturgische Gewandung &c.

Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c., at King's

College, London. Member of Society of Architects. Member of Institute of Junior

Engineers.

Formerly art-critic of the Saturday Review. Author of An Art Tour in the Northern Overbeck.

Capitals of Europe; Schools of Modern Art in Germany.

J. Ja.

Christ's College, Cambridge. Lecturer on Modern History of the Cambridge
University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of Life of Napoleon I.; Napoleonic
Studies; The Development of the European Nations; The Life of Pitt; &c.

JOSEPH JACOBS, LITT.D.

Professor of English Literature in the Jewish Theological Seminary, New York.

Formerly President of the Jewish Historical Society of England. Corresponding Passover.

Member of the Royal Academy of History, Madrid. Author of Jews of Angevin

England; Studies in Biblical Archaeology; &c.

JULIUS LEWKOWITSCH, M.A., PH.D.

Examiner to the City and Guilds of London Institute. Vice-President of Chemical
Society. Member of Council of Chemical Society; Institute of Chemistry; and
Society of Public Analysts. Author of Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils,
Fats, and Waxes; &c.

JOHN LINTON MYRES, M.A., F.S.A., F.R.G.S.

Oils.

Wykeham Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford and Fellow
of Magdalen College. Formerly Gladstone Professor of Greek and Lecturer in Paphos.
Ancient Geography, University of Liverpool. Lecturer of Classical Archaeology
in the University of Oxford.

JAMES MUIRHEAD, LL D. (1831-1889).

Scotch Advocate, Professor of Civil Law in the University of Edinburgh, 1862-
1889. Author of Historical Introduction to the Private Law of Rome, and of an edition
of the Institutes of Gaius and Rules of Ulpian.

JOHN MACPHERSON, M A., M.D., M.R.C.S. (1817-1890).

Patron and Client (in part).

Formerly Inspector-General of Hospitals, Bengal. Author of The Baths and Wells Paranoia.

of Europe, &c.

J. Mn.

J. M. M.

JOHN MALCOLM MITCHELL.

Ostracism;

Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London
College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote's History of Greece.

Patricians.

J. P.-B.

JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREL-BRODHURST.

Editor of the Guardian (London).

Pawnbroking.

J. P. E.

JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHÉMAR ESMEIN.

Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Parlement.,
Member of the Institute of France., Author of Cours élémentaire d'histoire du droit
français; &c-

J. R. J. J.

J. R. T.

J. S. Co.

J. T. Be.

J. T. C.

J. V. B.

J. W. W.

K. S.

L. Be.

JULIAN ROBERT JOHN JOCELYN.

Colonel, R.A. Formerly Member of the Ordnance Committee, Commandant,
Ordnance College, and Commandant, School of Gunnery. Author of Notes on
Tactics and Reconnaissances; &c.

JAMES RICHARD THURSFIELD, M.A.

Ordnance: Heavy Field and

Siege Equipments, Garrison
Mountings

Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Formerly Dean, Fellow, Lecturer and Parnell, Charles Stewart.
Tutor of Jesus College. Author of Peel; &c.

JAMES SUTHERLAND COTTON, M.A.

Editor of the Imperial Gazetteer of India. Hon. Secretary of the Egyptian Ex-.
ploration Fund. Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Queen's College, Oxford. Author
of India; &c.
JOHN THOMAS BEALBY.

Joint-author of Stanford's Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical-
Magazine. Translator of Sven Hedin's Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c.
JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S.

Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly
Fellow of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor of Natural History in
The University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association.
THE REV. JAMES VERNON BARTLET, M.A., D.D.

Omichund;
Orme.

Odessa; Onega;

Orel; Orenburg.

Oyster (in part).

Papias;

Professor of Church History, Mansfield College, Oxford. Author of The Apostolic Paul, the Apostle.
Age; &c.

J. W. WYATT, A.M.INST.C.E.

Author of The Art of Making Paper; &c.

KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.

Editor of the Portfolio of Musical Archacology. Author of The Instruments of the
Orchestra; &c.

LÉONCE BÉNÉDITE.

{Paper: Manufacture.

Ophicleide (in part);
Orchestra; Orchestrion;
Organ: Ancient History;
Organistrum; Pandura;
Parsifal Bell-instrument.

Keeper of the Musée National du Luxembourg. Professor at the Ecole du Louvre.
President of the Société des Peintres Orientalistes français. Author of Histoire Painting: Modern French.
des Beaux Arts; &c.

Director of the Austrian Institute of Historical Studies at Rome. Professor of
History and Director of the Historical Seminary in the University of Innsbruck. Papacy; 1305-1590.
Hofrat of the Austrian Empire. Commander of the Order of Francis Joseph; &c.
Author of Geschichte der Päpste; &c. Editor of the Acta pontificum Romanorum.

LEWIS FOREMAN DAY, F.S.A. (1845-1909).

L. J. B.

L. J. S.

L. R. F.

M. G. D.

M. H. S.

Formerly Vice-President of the Society of Arts. Past Master of the Art Workers'
Gild. Author of Windows: a book about Stained Glass; &c.

{ {

Ornament.

LAWRENCE JOHNSTON BURPEE.

Public Librarian of the City of Ottawa. Author of The Search for the Western Sea; Ottawa (Canada).
&c. Joint-author of Canadian Life in Town and Country; &c.

LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A.

Assistant in Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar
of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the
Mineralogical Magazine.

LEWIS RICHARD FARNELL, M.A., LITT.D.

Fellow and Senior Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford; University Lecturer in Classical
Archaeology; Wilde Lecturer in Comparative Religion. Author of Cults of Greek
States; Evolution of Religion.

RT. HON. SIR MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF, G.C.S.I., F.R.S.
(1829-1906).

Oligoclase;
Olivenite; Olivine;
Orthoclase;
Parisite.

Oracle.

M.P. for the Elgin Burghs, 1857-1881. Under-Secretary of State for India, 1868-
1874. Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1880-1881. Governor of Madras, Oliphant, Laurence.
1881-1886. President of the Royal Geographical Society, 1889-1893. President
of the Royal Historical Society, 1892-1899. Author of Studies in European Politics;
Notes from a Diary; &c.

MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A.

Formerly Editor of the Magazine of Art, Member of Fine Art Committee of Inter-
national Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome and the Franco-
British Exhibition, London. Author of History of "Punch"; British Portrait
Painting to the Opening of the Nineteenth Century; Warks of G. F. Watts, R.A.;
British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day; Henrielle Ronner; &c.
MORRIS JASTROW, PH.D.

Painting: Recent British;
Pastel.

M. Ja.

Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. Author of Religion
of the Babylonians and Assyrians; &c.

Omen.

Fellow of Bombay University. M.P. for N.-E. Bethnal Green, 1895-1906. Author Patel.

of History of the Constitution of the East India Company; &c.

MARCUS NIEBUHR TOD, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. Pausanias: Commander.
Joint-author of Catalogue the Sparta Museum.

Editor of The Ancestor, 1902-1905. Hon. Genealogist to Standing Council of the Paulet: Family.
Honourable Society of the Baronetage.

{

Christ Church, Oxford. Geographical Scholar, 1901. Assistant Secretary of the Oxford.

British Association.

{

O. T.

OLDFIELD THOMAS, F.R.S., F.Z.S.

{

Senior Assistant, Natural History Department of the British Museum. Author of Pangolin (in part).

Catalogue of Marsupialia in the British Museum.

PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN.

See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, PRINCE P. A.
PETER CHALMERS MITCHELL, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., D.Sc., LL.D.
Secretary to the Zoological Society of London. University Demonstrator in Com- Ornithology (in part);
parative Anatomy and Assistant to Linacre Professor at Oxford, 1888-1891. Author
of Outlines of Biology; &c.

St John's College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the Palestine Explora-Palestine (in part).

tion Fund.

RONALD BRUNLEES MCKERROW, M.A.

Trinity College, Cambridge. Editor of the Works of Thomas Nashe; &c.

SIR RICHARD CLAVERHOUSE JEBB, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: JEBB, SIR RICHARD Claverhouse.

RICHARD GARNETT, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: GARNETT, RICHARD.

ROBERT HOLFORD MACDOWALL BOSANQUET, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., F.C.S.
Fellow of St John's College, Oxford. Author of Musical Temperament; &c.
ROBERT HALLOWELL RICHARDS, LL.D.

Professor of Mining and Metallurgy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Boston.
President American Institute of Mining Engineers, 1886. Author of Ore-dressing; &c.
R. J. GREWING, Captain, Reserve of Officers.

R. O.

R. P. S.

R. PHENÉ SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.

Parnassus Plays.

JO'Donnell: Family;
O'Neill: Family.

Painting: Recent Dutch, Ger-

man, Austrian, Italian,

Spanish, Danish, Swedish,

Norwegian, Russian and

Oxenstjerna; Panin; Patkul.

Oken.

Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past
President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King's College, Order; Orientation.
London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson's
History of Architecture. Author of Architecture: East and West; &c.

R. S. C.

R. Tr.

S. A. C.

S. Fr.

S. G. O.

6. N.

& P

T. As.

'T. A. L.

T. Ba.

ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (Cantab.).

Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University of Manchester.
Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville
and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of The Italic Dialects.
ROLAND TRUSLOVE, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Fellow, Dean and Lecturer in Classics
at Worcester College, Oxford.
STANLEY ARTHUR COOK, M.A.

Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College,
Cambridge. Editor for the Palestine Exploration Fund. Examiner in Hebrew.
and Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908. Author of Glossary of Aramaic
Inscriptions; The Law of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi; Critical Notes on
Old Testament History; Religion of Ancient Palestine; &c.

SYDNEY R. FREMANTLE.

Captain, R.N. Naval Mobilization Department, Admiralty, London.

SIDNEY GEORGE Owen, M.A.

Student and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford.

SIMON NEWCOMB, D.SC., LL.D.

See the biographical article: NEWCOMB, SIMON.

STEPHEN PAGET, F.R.C.S.

Surgeon to Throat and Ear Department, Middlesex Hospital. Hon. Secretary,
Research Defence Society. Author of Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget; &c.

THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT.

Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ
Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman, 1906. Member of
the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of The Classical Topography
of the Roman Campagna.

THOMAS ALLAN INGRAM, M.A., LL.D.
Trinity College, Dublin.

SIR THOMAS BARCLAY.

Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council of
the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of Problems of
International Practice and Diplomacy; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

See the biographical article: FARNBOROUGH, THOMAS ERSKINE MAY, BARONJ

Paeligni;
Osca Lingua.

Paris: Geography and
Statistics.

Omri;

Palestine: Old Testament
History

Ordnance: Naval Guns and
Gunnery.

{Ovid.

{Orbit;

{

Parallax.

Paget, Sir James.
Olbia: Sardinia;
Orbetello; Oristano;
Ortona a Mare; Orvieto;
Ostia; Otranto; Paestum;
Palermo (in part);
Pantelleria; Patavium;
Pavia.

Patents (in part);
Payment;

Payment of Members.

Pacific Blockade.

Parliament (in part).

Orange: France;

Paul III., IV., V. (Popes).

Odoacer.

Oman; Oxus;
Pamirs.

{Paradise.

Pahlavi.

Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Pappus of Alexandria.

THOMAS OKEY.

Examiner in Basket Work for the City and Guilds of London Institute.
THOMAS WILLIAM RHYS DAVIDS, LL.D., PH.D

Osier.

Principal of the Conservatoire Royal de Musique at Brussels. Chevalier of the Ophicleide (in part).
Legion of Honour.

SIR WALTER ARMSTRONG,

Director of National Gallery of Ireland. Author of Art in the British Isles; &c.
Joint-editor of Bryan's Dictionary of Painters; &c.

REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S., PH.D.
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David's
College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of Guide du Haut Dauphine; The Range
of the Todi; Guide to Grindelwald: Guide to Switzerland; The Alps in Nature and
in History; &c. Editor to The Alpine Journal, 1880-1881; &c.

WILLIAM ALFRED HINDS,

President of the Oneida Community, Ltd.; Author of American Communities; &c.

Olivier, J. D.;
Orta, Lake of;
Ortler.

Oneida Community.

Chairman, Joint Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great Britain. Author of Palissy.
English Stoneware and Earthenware; &c.

{

Professor of Old Testament Criticism, Manchester College, Oxford. Author of Order, Holy.
Christianity and the Roman Empire; &c.

W. M. R.
W. P. A.

WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI.

W. P. C.

W. S. R.

LIEUT.-COLONEL WILLIAM PATRICK ANDERSON, M.INST.C.E., F.R.G.S.

Chief Engineer, Department of Marine and Fisheries of Canada. Member of the

{Paper: India Paper.

Otter (in part).

Ontario.

Palma, Jacopo; Parmigiano;
Paul Veronese.

Geographic Board of Canada. Past President of Canadian Society of Civil Engihe Ontario, Lake.

WILLIAM PRIDEAUX COURTNEY.

See the biographical article: COURTNEY, L. H., BARON.

WILLIAM SMYTH ROCKSTRO,

Walpole); Oxford, 1st Earl of.

Author of A General History of Music from the Infancy of the Greek Drama to the Palestrina (in part).
Present Period; and other works on the history of music.

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