town. Nearly all of them have lived in Patchogue their entire lives. There are, besides, over 300 between 60 and 70 years of age, nearly half of whom are 65 years and over. All enjoy good health.

PLAGUE STATISTICS at the latest date. Bombay, Feb. 18, 1897: Since its outbreak there have been 6,853 cases and 5,447 deaths from the disease in this city, and in the entire Bombay Presidency 9,911 cases and 8,006 deaths.

The Plague Congress at Venice, which assembled February 16, seems by the latest announcement at the time of closing up this number, February 19, to have concentrated its deliberations into the conclusion that each government should institute and maintain its own quarantine measures to prevent the importation of the plague. The short of which is, that, no restriction has been placed upon the exportation of rags-which appears to have been the chiet subject of discussion-and that England's commerce in them is not to be interfered with. Dr. Thorne stated that thousands of bales of infected rags have been sent to foreign ports from Egypt, having been handled by men affected with the plague. The disease, having been in houses whence came these rags, had never, he said, transmitted the plague. The Dutch delegate was of the same opinion. They will vote together to put no restrictions on trade in rags. France, Austria, Italy and Germany were against them.

THE BACILLUS OF YELLOW FEVER IS announced as the most recent biological discovery. This time, by Dr. Guiseppe Sanarelli of Montevideo, who, the London "Standard" of January 1, tells us, is a man not yet thirty years of age. He took a degree in the University of Siena in 1889, and was afterwards successful in several competitions in Italy and abroad, continuing his studies at Pavia, and also in Paris and in Germany. He devoted himself especially to the study of maladies diffused by the supply of impure water, notably typhoid and cholera.

In these branches Dr. Sanarelli worked with extreme ardor. He made special studies at the Pasteur Institute of the Siene water, and of the water supply at Versailles, during the winter months, when there was no suspicion of any alarm of cholera, and succeeded in isolating the vibrion of cholera, and in finding the cause of its relative harmlessness. These researches at Paris first brought him into notice. On his return to Italy he was appointed to the chair of hygiene in the University of Siena, and soon afterward the

University of Montivideo, having decided to found a great institute of experimental hygiene, in imitation of that of Pasteur, offered him the direction of it, with a salary of £1,000 a year and other advantages.

Sanarelli, whose stipend at Siena was just £50 per annum, hesitated. He did not wish to leave Italy; he had asked in vain from the then Minister of Public Instruction some advancement, and it is probable that, had he succeeded in obtaining a post of £120 a year, he would still be teaching at Siena; but, urged by his friends, he at last closed with the offer from Montevideo, and, having provided himself in France and Germany with the scientific material necessary for setting up a cabinet of experimental research, he set forth. In less than a year the institution directed by him has come to be in a most active and flourishing condition, and now enjoys the envied distinction of being the first to have under cultivation the bacillus of yellow fever.

It is to be hoped that this discovery may be verified on further researches and not turn out to be like several others that have preceded it a mistaken serum.

ANTI-RINDERPEST SERUM.-Berlin, Feb. 6.-Dr. Koch, the eminent German bacteriologist, has telegraphed here from Cape Town that he is returning home with a newly discovered serum, which will lessen the force of rinderpest. In the meantime, he says, he is unable to say whether or not he will be able to prevent animals from being infected with the disease. He has demonstrated that sheep and horned cattle are the most liable of all animals to contract the disease, and that dogs, monkeys and rodents enjoy complete immunity from it.

THE ANTI-PLAGUE SERUM.-Bombay, Feb. 3.-It is announced that the Government has decided to make use of the anti-plague serum, the efficacy of which as an antidote for the bubonic disease which is ravaging Bombay and other parts of India was discovered by M. Yersin, a French scientific man. M. Yersin is now on his way to India.

OBITUARY.

DR. HENRY HARTSHORN.-A dispatch received at his home, in Philadelphia, from Tokyo, Japan, announces the death of Dr. Henry Hartshorn, in that city, February 10, 1897. Dr. Hartshorn

was born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1823. He was educated at Harvard College, whence he graduated in 1839; and obtained his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1845. He was elected professor of the institutes of medicine in the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1853; consulting physician and one of the lecturers on clinical medicine in the Philadelphia hospital in 1855. In 1858-'59 he traveled extensively abroad, and on his return home in 1859 he was elected professor of the practice of medicine in the Pennsylvania College, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Prof. Stille. In 1862 he was designated professor of anatomy, physiology, natural history and hygiene in the Philadelphia Central High School. In 1866 he was elected to the professorship of hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania, and in the next year made professor of organic science and philosophy in Haverford College. He also held at different times professorships in the Pennsylvania College, dental surgery in Girard College, and the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania; and was visiting and consulting physician to several hospitals. He was an industrious student and writer. His first published essay to attract attention was his graduating thesis in 1846, on Water vs. Hydropathy. He was the first person to ascertain by experiments on himself and others in 1848 the safety and effects of the internal use of chloroform. Among his earlier monographs was "Cholera: Facts and Conclusions as to the Nature, Prevalence and Treatment," on account of which he first made himself known to the readers of THE SANITARIAN, by taking exception to its criticism on that brochure and by the prediction in 1873: "That within twenty years, the now common notion that the principal, if not exclusive, mode of migration of cholera is, by communication from person to person, through the stools of cholera patients, will come to be remembered only as the obsolete ism of a period, etc. (SANITARIAN, Vol. I., p. 283.) He was the author of several volumes, as well as numerous essays, on medical and sanitary subjects, and a frequent contributor to periodical literature. Those most worthy of mention are: "Essentials of the Principles and Practice of Medicine;" “A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences;" "Essays on the Arterial Circulation;" "Glycerine and Its Uses," and a number of important articles in Johnson's New Illustrated Cyclopaedia (1872-'73). He also edited, with considerable additions, the American edition of Sir Thomas Watson's "Lectures on Practice of Medicine," which task was so well performed as to call forth very kind and favorable acknowledgment from the distinguished author of the lectures. to Henry C. Lea, the publisher, of Philadelphia.

BOOK REVIEWS.

INDEX-CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE, U. S. A. Authors and Subjects. Second Series. Vol. I. A. Azzuri. Washington: Government Printing Office. This volume is in thorough keeping with the volumes of the first series. It is conducted by D. L. Huntington, Deputy SurgeonGeneral, and Lieut. Col. U. S. Army. It includes 6,346 author titles, representing 6,137 volumes and 6,327 pamphlets. It also contains 7,884 subject titles of separate books and pamphlets and 30,384 titles of articles in periodicals.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION, 1894 and 1895.
2 Vols.
Washington: Government Printing
Office.

Pp. 2370.

These volumes are prolific in everything that appertains to the status of education in the United States and so much of the status of education abroad as serves to show the respective advantages. The enrollment of the schools and colleges, public and private, of all classes during the year was 15,688,622-an increase of 158,354 over the previous year-of all these there is a detailed classification showing the numbers respectively of elementary schools, secondary schools, and the various institutions of higher education; the number in schools supported by public funds and taxation, and the number in private institutions. The percentage of the total population enrolled in public schools was 20.65-12 increase over the previous year. It is interest

ing to notice that in the eight States that lead in the average amount of education to each inhabitant, Massachusetts gives 8.04 years; Connecticut, 7.31; New York, 6.83; Rhode Island, 6.76; Ohio, 6.59; Iowa, 6.33; Illinois and New Jersey, 6.29. There were 80,839 students in normal schools, pursuing training courses for teachers. Of this number about 12,000 per annum may be counted as graduates. To supply the places made vacant in a corps of 400,000 teachers, besides filling the positions in new schools opened during the year, upward of 60,000 are required. Of Universities and Colleges (Higher Education) the total number reporting, for both sexes, was 481-representing every State and Territory. The number of instructors reported by these institutions was 11,582; tle number of students, 149,939. Schools of Technology, exclusive

of departments in universities and colleges, 51-with 1,217 instructors and 13,896 students. Professional Schools: 149 theological, with 906 professors, 8,050 students, 1,598 graduates; Law Schools 72, 8,950 students, 2,717 graduates; medical schools, 151 -113 regular, 20 homoeopathic, 9 electic, 2 physiomedical, and 7 graduate (?); 22,887 students, 18,660 in regular schools, 1,875 in homoeopathic, 732 in electic, the number constantly increased notwithstanding the more rigid requirements and the extension of the term of study. Of special interest, in relation to medical schools, is an abstract of Dr. Marcel Bandouin's report to the French Government: Dr. Bandouin was delegate from the French Government to the Chicago Exposition and specially commissioned to study the system of medical instruction, conditions of professional life, etc., in the United States. He visited the chief medical schools, hospitals, etc., of the country and described them in detail. The Commissioner gives an abstract of his report in so far as it relates to some typical schools and other institutions. The Johns Hopkins Hospital is represented as being well-nigh incomparable with any institution in Europe-the Urban Spilal at Berlin being the only one that can at all compare with the Johns Hopkins. "Our French hospitals," he says, "are built on a very different plan, which their antiquity readily explains. Those that have been recently constructed, whether at Paris or in the provinces, may be as good and as interesting as the two mentioned, but certainly they do not compare with them either in extent or in perfect hygienic resources, or in the perfect, harmonious arrangement of all the parts." The excellencies of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, the University of Pennsylvania, Roosevelt Hospital, New York, School of Medicine of Yale University, the Boston City Hospital, the McLean Hospital, Cornell University, "Ann Arbor even more than New Haven is the typical university city of America," and some others, are designated in such terms as should be eminently gratifying to their sponsors. Of Schools of Dentistry there are 45, with 534 students-an increase of over 2,000 in five years; Schools of Pharmacy 39, with 3,859 students—an increase of 1,000 in five years; Schools for Training Nurses 131, while the number in 1890-91 was only 34. Chautauquan Education is considered in a special monograph by Prof. H. B. Adams, as a peculiarly American phase of university extension, especially commendable as summer school work. Hygiene is not even referred to—or if so it is not indexed-as a subject of instruction in American schools,