calamities received from not knowing]
them.ibid:-moral philosophy, the know-
ledge of the rules of civil life. ibid.
the subject of philosophy. i. 10:—what
it excludes. i. 10-11. iii. 665.

the parts of philosophy, two: body na-
tural and artificial, or commonwealth, i. 11:
-of philosophy civil, two parts: ethics
and politics. ibid.

philosophy has no need of the words
essence, entity &c., whence evident. i. 34.
its profession, to establish universal rules
concerning the properties of things, i. 49.
errors repugnant to philosophy, what. i.
57:-incohærent copulation of abstract
and concrete names, with which philo-
sophy abounds. i. 58-9.

philosophers, what they seek to know.
1. 68.

what part of natural philosophy to be
explicated by demonstration, properly
so called. i. 72.

moral philosophy, what it considers. i.
72-why to be considered after physics.
i. 72-3.

natural philosophers, their enquiry the
ways of motions internal and invisible.
i. 73:-must begin at geometry, why. ib.
civil and moral, do not so adhere but
that they may be severed. i. 73:-the
principles of civil, may, by the analytical
method, be attained without geometry
and physics. i. 74.

natural philosophy, all questions in, con-
cerning the causes of the phantasms of
sensible things. i. 75.

in teaching philosophy, the beginning is
from definitions. i. 85:-all progression,
till we come to a knowledge of the thing
compounded, compositive. ibid.
philosophia prima, contained in universal
definitions. i. 87. iii. 671. vii. 222, 226.
civil philosophy comprehended in the
doctrine of sense and imagination and of
the internal passions. i. 87.

of the true method in philosophy, the
only example the treatise DE CORPORE.
i. 88.

natural philosophy best taught by be-
ginning from privation or annihilation.i.91.
natural philosophy, a great part of, con-
sists in the search whether accidents
called inherent, are not motions of the
mind, or of the bodies themselves. i. 105.
of philosophy, the part treating of mo-
tion and magnitude, has been improved
by the best wits in all ages. i. 203.
the principle of philosophy which is the
foundation of the doctrine of deficient
figures. i. 264.

of philosophy two methods, from gene-

ration to the possible effects, and from
the effects to some possible generation.
i. 388.

the profession of the universal doctrine
of philosophy, what belongeth to it.
i. 411.

speeches insignificant, taken on the credit
of deceived philosophers. iii. 17:names
of insignificant sound, coined by puzzled
philosophers. iii. 27:-of all men most
subject to absurdity. iii. 33:-nothing so
absurd but may be found in their books.
ibid. 669-begin not their reasoning
from definitions. ibid.

those that converse in questions of ab-
struse philosophy, subject to the mad-
ness of insignificant speech. iii. 69.
the only true moral philosophy, is the
science of the laws of nature. iii. 146. ii.
49

moral philosophy, nothing but the
science of what is good and evil in the
conversation of mankind. iii. 146:-is
the science of virtue and viee. ibid.

the writers of moral philosophy place
virtue and vice in a mediocrity of pas-
sions. iii. 146-7. ii. 49.

the interpretation of the laws of nature
depends not on the books of moral phi-
losophy. iii. 263.

the depth of moral philosophy required
in them that administer sovereign power.
iii. 357:-no philosopher has as yet put
in order or probably proved all theorems
of moral doctrine. ibid.

verse frequent in the philosophy of an-
cient times. iii. 372. ii. pref.

savages with some good moral sentences,
and a little arithmetic, not therefore phi-
losophers. iii. 665.

leisure the mother of philosophy. iii. 666.
was not risen to the Grecian common-
wealths, at what time. iii. 666: -no
schools of philosophy heard of in the time
of the seven wise men. ibid.

to resolve of conclusions before knowing
the premises, is vain philosophy. iii. 680:

-the moral and civil philosophy of the
schools. ibid.

false philosophy introduced, and true
philosophy suppressed, by authority ec-
clesiastical. iii. 687:-they that against
the laws teach even true philosophy, may
lawfully be punished. iii. 688.

is a well balanced reason. ii. ded. :-opens
to us a way from the contemplation of
particulars to universal inferences. ibid.:
-divides itself into how many branches.
ibid.

had moral philosophy discharged its part
as well as geometry has, all would have
been done that human industry can do

served, for the apparent probability of their befalling ourselves. iv. 44. pity and indignation, of all passions most raised by eloquence, why. iv. 45. PLACE-definition of. i. 70, 105. vii. 84. place and magnitude, how they differ. i. 105-place is a phantasm of any body of such and such quantity and figure. i. 105, 106, 411:-is nothing out of the mind. i. 105 :—is feigned extension. ib.: -is immoveable. ibid. :-its nature consists in solid space. i. 106.

here, there, &c., not properly names of place. i. 107:-place is the fancy of here and there. vii. 84.

a body cannot leave its place and acquire another, without part of it being at some time in a space common to both places. i. 109.

plane places, what so called. i. 313:—a solid place, what. ibid.

by dividing a body, we divide its place. i. 394. iii. 677.

nothing conceivable but in some place. iii. 17, 675:-nothing conceivable all in this place, and all in another place at the same time. ibid. :-nor two or more things in one and the same place. ibid. is dimension, and not to be filled but by that which is corporeal. iii. 675. the School doctrine, that God can make a body to be in many places in one and the same time. iii. 677:—and many bodies at one time in one and the same place. ibid. :-the question depends on the consent of men about the common signification of terms. ii. 296:-they that decide it contrary to this common consent, judge that the use of speech, and all society, is to be taken away. ibid. :—and reason itself. ibid.

PLAGUE-the phenomena of. vii. 136-7. PLANET-their order, according to the hypothesis of Copernicus. i. 426-7:-the hypothesis of their simple circular mo

tion. i. 427.

their orbits all contained within the zodiac. i. 429:-owing to some power in the sun. i. 430.

the common hypothesis of their motion about their axis fixed, insufficient to salve appearances. i. 430:-have the simple circular motion of the sun for the cause of their circulations. i. 431:-otherwise have no cause of their motions at all. ibid.

the cause of their eccentricities not enquired into. i. 444:-may be the same as that of the earth's eccentricity. ibid. the planets made gods by the Gentiles.

iii. 99.

VOL. XI.

PLATO-has treated of law in general, without professing the study of the law. iii. 251-the inutility of his commonwealth. iii. 357-his opinion that the disorders of states cannot be taken away till sovereigns become philosophers. ibid. :-has without need charged them with the sciences mathematical. ibid. :-has not put in order, or probably proved all the theorems of moral doctrine. ibid.

his school. iii. 667. iv. 388. vi. 98:-is the best philosopher of all the Greeks. iii. 668. vii. 346:-forbade entrance to all that were not geometricians. ibid. ibid.: -took up civil science after Socrates. ii. pref.

held tyrannicide to be deserving of the greatest praise. ii. 153.

his saying, that knowledge is memory.ii.304. his opinion concerning honourable love, delivered in the dialogue Convivium. iv.49. his authority and Aristotle's alone had much credit, and with whom respectively. vi. 100:-went into Egypt to fetch philosophy into Greece. vii. 74.

a Platonic year. vii. 187. PLAUTUs-Casina. vii. 391:-Amphytruo. ibid.

PLEADER-in the contention between the penner and the pleader of the law, the latter gets the victory. iii. 336. PLEAS-common, and public, in England. iii. 229-pleas of the Crown. ibid. 296. vi. 36, 68, 96:-private pleas. iii. 296. vi. 36.

PLEASURE-the sense of pleasure and pain proceeds not from the reaction of the heart outwards, but from the action of the organ towards the heart. i. 406:— is caused by the motion of the sentient propagated to the heart quickening or slackening the vital motion. ibid. iii. 42. by reason of the endeavour of the organ inwards, seem to be something within. i. 406.

without experience no knowledge of what will prove pleasant or hurtful, but room for conjecture from the aspect of things. i. 408: pleasure and pain, are the fruition of good or evil. i 409-10. is the appearance or sense of good. iii. 42. of sense, arise from the object present. iii. 42:—of the mind, arising from expectation proceeding from foresight of the end. iii. 43.

all pleasure of mind, is either glory, or refers to glory in the end. ii. 5, 8:—all other pleasures sensual, and comprehended under the name commodities. ibid. pleasures of the body, what. iv. 35:-of smell. ibid. :—of hearing. ibid.:—of the eye.

iv. 36:-pleasure of rejoicing in skill.
iv. 37.
PLENTY-depends, next to God's favour, on
the labour and industry of man. iii. 232.
PLENUM-motion in a plenum is propagated
to any distance, i. 341-2.

the same place cannot contain sometimes
more, sometimes less matter, and at the
same time be always full. i. 520.

cannot be an efficient cause of motion. i.
520.

Tλεovεia-the desire of more than one's
share. iii. 142. ii. 40. iv. 104.
PLEURISY-the disease of, what. iii. 320:-
resembles the disease of the common-
wealth caused by monopolies and abuses
of publicans. ibid.

TVEUμa-its signification. iv. 309, 427.
Po-and Adige, the lesser brooks of Lom-
bardy fall into. iv. 450.

POEM-requires both judgment and fancy.
iii. 58-but the fancy more eminent.
ibid.: should please by the extrava-
gance, but not displease by the indiscre-
tion. ibid.

the poets of the heathen, in what sense
called vates or prophets. iii.413:-were the
principal priests of their religion. iii. 638.
the three sorts of poesy, what and whence,
iv. 444: the subject of poesy, is the
manners of men, feigned, not found. iv.
445:-poets chose to write in verse, why.
iv. 445-6: the heathen poets were the
divines of their times. iv. 448:- to make
a heroic poem requires a philosopher as
well as a poet. iv. 450:-resemblance of
truth, the utmost limit of poetical liberty.
iv. 451-2:- the jewels and most precious
ornaments of poesy, what. iv. 452.-the
true and natural colour is given to a
poem, by what. iv. 453:-the indecencies
of a heroic poem, what. iv. 454.
Tóλ-signifies what. iv. 122.
POLITICS-treat of what. i. 11:their prin-
ciples consist of the knowledge of the
motions of the mind. i. 74.

the writers of, add together facts to find
men's duties. iii. 30.

of those that in the councils of the com-
monwealth love to show their reading of|
politics and history, few do it in their
private affairs. iii. 38.

religion, what sort of, a part of human
politics. iii. 99:-what, of divine politics.
ibid.

a harder study, than that of geometry.
iii. 340.

Christian politics are the Scriptures. iii.

602.

brute animals are not to be termed po-
litical, why. ii. 66.

all writers on justice and policy, invade
each other with contradictions, why. iv.
ep. ded.:-the doctrine of, is to be re-
duced to infallible rules, how. ibid.:-
the principles of, what. ibid. :—those de-
livered in HUMAN NATURE and DE COR-
PORE POLITICO, would, if generally held,
incomparably benefit commonwealth. ib.
a body politic, what. iv. 122:-is made
naturally, how. iv. 123:-called a com-
monwealth, when. iv. 124,

BODY POLITIC, see BODY, SYSTEM.

POINT-body, considered to be without
magnitude. i. 111, 206: -any three points
are in the same plane. i. 183.

is a part of a straight line so small as
not to be considerable. i. 187:-is, not
that which has no quantity, but that
whose quantity is not considered. i. 206.
vii. 201-is not indivisible, but an un-
divided thing. ibid. ibid.

may be compared with a point. i. 206:—
the vertical points of two angles have to
each other the same proportion which
the angles have. ibid. :-if a straight line
cut many concentric circles, the points
of intersection will be in the same pro-
portion as the perimeters to each other.
ibid.

POMPA—of images. iii. 662.
PONTIFEX MAXIMUS-in the ancient com-
monwealth of Rome, who. iii. 661:—this
office, and that of Tribune, all that Au-
gustus assumed to himself, as comprising
monarchical power. ibid. 695.:-the title
of, assumed by the bishops of Rome, when
and why. ibid. 695:-was an officer sub-
ject to the civil state. iii. 689.
POOR-the impotent should be provided
for by the commonwealth. iii. 334:-the
strong should be forced to work. ibid.:
-the surplus population should be trans-
ported to colonies. iii. 335.
POPE-points declared necessary for sal-
vation, manifestly to the advantage of
the pope and his spiritual subjects re-
siding in foreign dominions, their fruit.
iii. 108-9-his authority easily excluded
in England. iii. 109.

his power always upheld against the
commonwealth, till the reign of Henry
VIII, principally by the universities. iii.

332.

his imagination that he was king of kings.
iii. 509:- and armed, as the heathen
Jupiter, with a thunderbolt. ibid. :-his
error, that he was Christ's vicar over all
the Christians of the world. ibid.
has allowed to him by divers Christian
kings the authority of ordaining pastors
in their dominions. iii. 539:-is subor-

dinate, if kings choose to commit to him
the government of their subjects in re-
ligion, to the kings. iii. 546:-exercises
the right jure civili, not jure divino. ibid.
his challenge of universal supreme eccle-
siastical power, maintained chiefly by
Bellarmine. iii. 547:-the best form of
Church government concerns not the
question of his power without his do-
minions. iii. 548:-this, if any, is that of
a school-master, not of the master of a
family. iii. 549.

that he is bishop of Rome, as successor
to Peter, maintained by Bellarmine. iii.
551.

whether he be Anti-Christ. iii. 552:-is
not Anti-Christ, why. iii. 553-4.
usurps a kingdom in this world, which
Christ took not on him. iii. 554.

infallibility, if granted to the pope, does
not entitle him to any jurisdiction in the
dominions of another prince. iii. 558.
no notice taken by Christ of any pope
at all. iii. 558:-not declared, either by
the Church or himself, to be the civil
sovereign of all Christians in the world.
ibid. :-nor bound to obey him in point
of manners, ibid. :-when he challenges
supremacy in controversies of manners,
teaches men to disobey the civil sov-
ereign. iii. 559.

the text, the man that will do presumptu-
ously and will not hearken to the priest &c.,
clearly for the civil sovereign against
the universal power of the pope. iii. 559:
-the text, whatsoever ye shall bind &c.,
likewise. iii. 559-60.

the text, as my father sent me &c., makes
for joining the ecclesiastical supremacy
to the civil sovereign, against the power
of the pope to make laws. iii. 560-61.
to be subject to our own princes and
also to the pope, impossible. iii. 562.
the text, shall I come unto you with a rod
&c., proves not the legislative power of a
bishop that has not the civil. iii. 562-3.
if what pastors teach were laws, not the
pope only, but every pastor in his parish
should have legislative power. iii. 566:—
nothing to be drawn from any text of
Scripture to prove the decrees of the
pope, where he is not the civil sovereign,
to be laws. ibid. :—whether Christ left

jurisdiction to the pope only, or to other
bishops also, is a dispute de lana caprina.
iii. 567.

-

has in the dominions of other princes no
jurisdiction at all. iii. 568:
nor any
bishop from him, save in the pope's own
territories. iii. 569.

his power is neither monarchy, nor hath
anything of archical nor cratical, but only
of didactical. iii, 569.

his large jurisdiction given him by the
emperors of Rome. iii. 570:—has no juris-
diction jure divino, except where he is
civil sovereign. ibid. :-caunot take their
jurisdictions from bishops out of his own
dominions, by virtue of the popedom.

iii. 571.

does not challenge supreme civil power
from the original submission of the go-
verned. iii. 573:-claims it as given him
by God in assuming the papacy. ibid.:—
claims the right of judging whether it
be to the salvation of men's souls or not
to depose princes and states. ibid. :—this
doctrine practised by the pope, when oc-
casion has served. iii. 574.

if it be granted that the king has the
civil power, the pope the spiritual, it
does not therefore follow that the king
is bound to obey the pope. iii. 575,
to be the representant of a universal
Church, the pope wants three things not
given him by Christ, to command, to judge,
and to punish. iii. 576 :—if Christ's vicar,
he cannot exercise his government till
Christ's second coming. ibid.

has not the power of judging or deposing
infidel or heretical kings. iii. 579:-the
doctrine of their deposition never heard
of in the time of the apostles or the Ro-
man emperors, nor till the popes had the
civil sovereignty of Rome. iii. 580.
if subjects are to judge of the doctrine
of their heathen or erring princes, the
pope's subjects may also judge of his.
iii. 581:-is no more but king and pas-
tor even in Rome itself. ibid.

Peter had not, and could not give to the
popes, the power of separating furious
rams or Christian kings that refuse to
submit to them. iii. 582.

if no power is challenged to the pope
over heathen princes, neither ought any
to be challenged over those that are to
be esteemed as heathen. iii. 583.

if the pope as pastor of Christian men is
to compel kings to do their duty, he is
king of kings. iii. 583.

the power regal under Christ claimed
universally by the pope. iii. 606-pre-
tends the present Church to be the king-