i. 181-3, 185, 188, 191, 193-8:- in con-
centric circles, arcs of the same angle are
to one another as the circumferences. i.
185:-of straight lines from the centre
of a circle to the tangent. i. 188.
the circumferences of circles are to one
another as their diameters. i. 191:-the
subtenses of equal angles in different
circles, are to one another as the arcs
they subtend. i. 193: what determines
the bending of a straight line into the
circumference of a circle. i. 195:-the
curvation of the lesser circle, is greater
than that of the greater. i. 197.
the angle made by a straight line and
the arc of a circle, is equal to the angle
made by the same straight line and the
tangent to the point of concurrence. i.
198: the way of a body moved in a
circle, is compounded of innumerable
straight lines, each less than any that
can be given. i. 216.
the space within the radius and a spiral,
is a third part of the whole circle. i. 263:
-the radii of a circle are so many sec-
tors. ibid.
the figure made by mean proportionals
continually taken between the radius
and that part of the radius within the
spiral, will be equal to half of the circle.
i. 264:-in comparing the arc of a circle
with a straight line, many and great
geometricians from the most ancient
time have exercised their wit. i. 287:-
their pains vilified by envy. ibid. :-the
comparison has been brought within
how much of the truth. i. 288:—the im-
provement, if the benefit be considered,
little or none, why. ibid. :-the real be-
nefit to follow, consists in enabling us to
divide an angle in any proportion. ibid.:
-the comparison not to be done by
arithmetic. ibid.
to find the dimensions of the circle by
lines. i. 289:-to find the same by argu-
ments drawn from the nature of the
curvity of the circle. i. 294:-to find the
same by another method. i. 301-7:-the
curvity of the arc of a circle is every
where uniform. i. 294-5 :-the perimeter
is a uniform line. i. 295:-the flexion of
the larger arc is greater than that of the
smaller arc of the same circle, in pro-
portion to the arcs themselves. ibid. :-
the curvity of equal arcs in unequal cir-
cles, is in reciprocal proportion to that
of their radii. i. 295.
to find a straight line equal to any given
arc, not greater than the arc of a quad-
rant. i. 298-9:—if the arc of a quadrant,
the radius, and a third line be continual
proportionals, then the arc of half the
quadrant, half the chord of the quadrant,
and the third line, will also be continual
proportionals. i. 301:-the radius, the
arc of the half-quadrant, the sine of 45
degrees, and half the radius, are propor-
tionals. ibid.
the squaring of a given sector of a circle,
whence to be deduced. i. 307.
CIRCUMCISION-the sacrament of, instituted
by God. iii. 398, 483. ii. 228:—it and the
Passover, the sacraments of the Old Tes-
tament. iii. 406-was omitted in the
wilderness, and restored on coming into
the land of promise. iii. 483. ii. 263.
what it was under the Old Covenant, that
baptism is under the New. ii. 263:-served
only for a memorial. ibid.
CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE ET DEFINITIVE-terms
signifying nothing, and used in Latin
only that the vanity of them may be
concealed. iii. 675-6. iv. 296-7.
CITATION
not esteemed an ornament
amongst the ancients. iii. 712:-is a cus-
tom of late time. iii. 711-12.
DE CIVE-nothing in it contrary to the
word of God, or good manners, or to the
public tranquillity.iii.713:-does not med-
dle with the civil laws of any particular
nation whatsoever. ii. ded. :-describes
the duties of men, first as men, next as
Christians. ii. pref.:-takes its beginning
from the matter of civil government, and
proceeds thence to its generation and form.
ibid.the part called Liberty, contains
what. ibid. -the part Dominion, what.
ibid.: the part Religion, what. ibid. :-
the reasons which moved the writing of
De Cive. ibid. :-the rules to himself by
the writer, to leave the determination of
the justice of all single actions to the
law, not to dispute what are the laws of
any government in particular, nor to ap-
pear to think that less obedience is due
in an aristocracy or democracy than in a
monarchy. ibid. :-to dispute no doctrines
of theologians, save those which deny
the obedience of subjects and shake the
foundations of government. ibid. :-
privately dispersed amongst the author's
friends before being published. ibid. :-
the points most bitterly excepted against,
that the civil power was made too large,
liberty of conscience taken away, and
kings set above the laws. ibid. :-these
exceptions by whom taken. ibid. :-these
knots thereupon tied by the author some-
what faster. ibid. :-the annotations added
for the sake of whom. ibid. :-delivers so
much only of the law of nature as relates
to peace. ii. 49:-in it is explained the
whole law, not the whole doctrine of
Christ. ii. 62.
Bramhall's Objections to it. iv. 229.
a short sum of it, done in French, with
what title. vii. 333:-by Sorberius. ibid.:
-its testimony from Gassendus and
Mersennus. ibid. :-the doctrine gene-
rally received by all the clergy, except
whom. ibid.
CIVIL-the civil authority is more visible,
and stands in the clearer light of natural
reason than the ghostly. iii. 317.
CIVITAS signifies a commonwealth. iii. 158,
250:-is constituted how. iii. 158.
CLAVIUS-takes what for the arc of a
spherical angle. vii. 162 :-denies the
composition of ratio to be a composition
of parts to make a total. vii. 235, 244.
CLEMENT-the first Bishop of Rome after
St. Peter. iii. 375, 522:-collected the
Canons of the Apostles. ibid. ibid.
CLERGY-in England, France, and Hol-
land, brought into a reputation of igno-
rance and fraud, how. iii. 108:-the dis-
tinction of clergy and laity, not in use in
the time of Clemens the successor to
Peter. iii. 523:-arose whence. iii. 608.
the name clergy, whence. iii. 533:-sig-
nifies what. iii. 608.
the secular clergy, why exempt from the
tributes and tribunals of every Christian
state. iii. 609.
marriage denied to the clergy, why. iii.
often cherish those that think it lawful
to raise war against and kill their go-
vernors. iii. 684:-the Roman and the
Presbyterian clergy, the authors of what
darkness in religion. iii. 691:-not the
Roman clergy only pretends to be the
kingdom of God in this world, and have
a power distinct from that of the civil
state. iii. 700.
a clergy is not essential to a common-
wealth. iv. 433:-their office, in respect
of the supreme civil power, is not ina-
gisterial but ministerial. v. 454.
benefit of clergy, a relic of the old usurped
papal privilege. vi. 86.
the clergy of England thought the pull-
ing down of the pope was the setting up
of them in his place. vi. 234:-that their
spiritual power depended not on the
king, but on Christ. ibid.:-the clergy
still sensible to every violence done to
the papal power. vii. 352.
CLERKENWELL-report that the Jesuits
were to have a convent there. vi. 240.
CLOUD-a sign of rain to follow. i. 14:-
not the clouds, but men from the clouds,
say it shall rain. i. 57.
the generation of, shews that the sun has
greater power of elevating waters than
the moon. i. 440:-how formed by the
fermentation of the air. i. 450, 468, 482.
vii. 40, 113.
become congealed above. i. 456. vii. 47:
-generate lightening, how. i. 457:-the
etherial substance of air enclosed in
clouds, is squeezed out by them. i. 470,
481. vii. 48-how they may become
frozen. i. 473, 481. vii. 47, 126:-how
they then cause thunder and lightening.
i. 481. vii. 47, 49-50, 126.
clouds both ascend and descend again
owing to the simple motion of the sun.
i. 482.
a frozen cloud the cause of the eclipse of
the moon observed by Mostlin. i. 483:
-and of two suns seen at once. ibid. vii.
50: why not of comets. i. 483-4.
the cloud that went before the army of
Israel to the Red Sea. iii. 391:-was an
angel of God. ibid.
CLUB-in matter of government, when
nothing else is turned up clubs are
trumps. vi. 122.
COAL-MINES-matter of a nature between
air and water, found in. i. 524 :—its ef-
fects and possible cause. i. 524-6.
COCAGNE-the land of. vi. 20.
CŒLUM EMPYRÆUM-No mention of in
Scripture, nor ground in reason for. iii.
441, 455. iv. 347.
COKE-Edward, his doctrine of the heir to
the Crown attainted of high treason. iii.
132-3: his definition of the law, an ar-
tificial perfection of reason etc. iii. 256. vi.
4, 11:-his doctrine of the loss of goods
and chattels by a man accused of felony
and flying for fear. iii. 265. vi. 137:-has
nowhere distinguished between jus and
lex. vi. 30:-the jurisdiction of the King's
Bench. vi. 40:-his six causes for the
increase of suits. vi. 44:-his dictum,
that judicature belongs to the judges. vi.
51-2:-has not distinguished between
transferring and committing power. vi. 52:
-endeavours throughout his Institutes
to diminish the king's authority. vi. 62:
-his definition of equity. vi. 68:-
saith a traitor is not the king's enemy,
why. vi. 73: does not well distinguish
when there are two divers names for one
and the same thing. vi. 75:—his deriva-
tion of the word felony. vi. 80:-is mis-
taken as to unintentional homicide in
doing an unlawful act, being murder. vi.
86-7-presumes too much in appropri-
ating all judicature to the common-law-
yers, why. vi. 90:-his definition of theft,
ridiculous. vi. 92:-his definition of bur-
glary. vi. 94 :-of night. ibid. :—of burn-
ing. vi. 95:-his five considerations of
heresy. vi. 96:-his explanation of the
law whereby heretics were burnt in the
time of Elizabeth and James I. vi. 106:
-says equity and common-law are all one.
vi. 113:—the summary of his deficiencies.
vi. 119-21-his distinction of judgments.
vi. 125:-omits the judgment against
heresy, why. vi. 128.
did not understand his books of common-
law. vi. 129:-in no author of the law
of England weaker reasoning than in his
Institutes. vi. 144:-contain no better
things than other authors that treat of
law as a science. ibid. :-his origin of
Parliaments. vi. 157.
COLD-by making the air more pressing,
helpeth the action of the stars upon the
eyes. i. 406:-the endeavour inwards of
the spirits and fluid parts produces in us
cold. i. 466: the cause of cold, how to
be found. i. 467.
why greater near the poles of the earth
than further off. i. 471-why less in
rainy than in clear weather. i. 473.
the cause of, what. vii. 120-1:-is not
privation of heat. ibid. :-the cause of
the great cold about the poles of the
ecliptic. vii. 121:-is greater than about
the poles of the equator, why. vii. 122.
COLONY-colonies are the children of the
commonwealth.iii. 239:-are independent
commonwealths, when. iii. 239 :—or
provinces and parts of their metropolis.
iii. 240:-their rights depend on their
letters. ibid.
the land of new colonies, how it should
be dealt with. iii. 335.
COLOUR cannot be remembered without
present patterns. i. 13:-is nothing but
perturbed light. i. 404, 459. iv. 7, 37:-
all colours being a mixture of black and
white, whence they proceed. i. 465.
colour and shape is all the knowledge
we have of bodies by the sense of sight.
iv. 3:-are supposed to be the very qua-
lities of the objects themselves, why. iv.
4:-must be the same thing with sight,
why. iv. 7:-their difference, what. ibid.
the pleasure of the eye consists in equa-
lity of colour. iv. 36.
COMET-why the cause of comets cannot
be frozen clouds. i. 483-4:-the disqui-
sition of their cause left to others. i.
484. vii. 105-6:-nothing yet published
worth considering. ibid.
COMMAND-Saith do this, without expect-
ing other reason than the will of him
that says it. iii. 241:-he that commands,
pretends his own benefit. ibid. :-for the
execution of sour labour, command re-
quires to be sweetened by the tune and
phrase of counsel. iii. 244.
consists in the manifestation of the will
of him that commands. iii. 257:-is the
right of commanding so often as nature
allows it possible. ii. 104 :-is law, when.
iv. 75, 205: the reason of our actions
is in the command, when. iv. 205.
the command of him whose command
is a law in one thing, is law in every-
thing. iv. 222.
COMMANDMENTS-the first violated by sub-
jects desiring change of government. iii.
327:-the second, by the worship of po-
pular men. ibid. :-the third, by speaking
ill of, and disputing the will of the sove-
reign. iii. 328.
the first table of, contains the sum of
God's absolute power, both as God and
as king of the Jews by pact. iii. 328-9,
the fifth, accords with the duty of sove-
reigns in instructing children. iii. 329:
-the sixth to the ninth, as to the instruc-
tion of the people to abstain from doing
injury. iii. 330:—the tenth. ibid.
the second table reduced to the com-
mandment of mutual charity. iii. 330,
513: the first table, to the love of God.
ibid.
were delivered by God to Moses. iii. 513.
ii. 234:-were made laws by God him-
self. iii. 514-all the second table laws
of nature. ibid. :-to all people. ibid. :-
the first, peculiar to the Israelites. ibid.
nothing in the Ark but the Ten Com-
mandments. iii. 515.
what are the commandments given us
by God to be obeyed. iii. 586.
COMMERCE-indifference of, is a law of
nature. iv. 101.
COMMISSION-the High. iv. 404-6. vi. 104-5:
-of Array. vi. 312.
COMMODI-whom the Latins so call. iii. 139.
COMMODITY-the greatest commodities of
mankind, what. Ĭ. 7.
commodities of the laud and sea, foreign
and native. iii. 232:-superfluous, are
disposed of, how. iii. 233.
COMMODUS-affected mastery in the art of
a gladiator, why. iv. 33.
COMMON-of the use of things in common,
one of the laws of nature. iii. 142. ii. 40:
-from it arises contention and all kind
of calamities. ii. ded.
COMMONS-house of, men by command of
the king sent up by the people to carry
their petitions, and give him, if he per-
mitted it, their advice. iii. 173. vi. 261 :
-its orders resemble the decrees of the
common people of Rome. iii. 270 :-is so
long as they sit with authority and right,
a person civil. iv. 146:-its origin. vi. 160,
on the king coming to seize the five
members, adjourns into the city. vi. 263:
-returns by water in triumph. ibid.
declares that whatever the House of
Commons enacts is law, whether the
Lords concur or no. vi. 353.
never was the representative of the
whole nation, but of the Commons only.
vi. 389.
COMMONWEALTH-its properties how to be
known. i. 11:--the causes of, and neces-
sity of constituting, in what way arrived
at. i. 73-4.
the great LEVIATHAN, in Latin CIVITAS.
iii. introd.:-is an artificial man. ibid.
he that is to govern one, must read in
himself mankind. iii. introd.
the rule of good and evil, in a common-
wealth, to be taken from the person that
represents it. iii. 41.
is the greatest of human powers. iii. 74:
-its person is the fountain of honour.
iii. 79:-the favour of, is power. ibid.
the founders of all commonwealths, cul-
tivators of what religion. iii. 99:-the
peace of the Gentile commonwealths
aimed at and maintained by institutions
of religion. iii. 103-4:-fear of the power
of men not sufficient, before civil society,
to keep men to their promises. iii. 129.
before commonwealth, no coercive power.
iii. 131-no property. ibid. 233:-no
unjust. ibid.
in commonwealths, men may remit to
others their debts, but not robberies or
other violences, why. iii. 137. ii. 32 n.
the final cause and end of its institution,
self-conservation. iii. 153. iv. 161.
brought into distraction and civil war by
men thinking themselves wiser and bet-
ter able to govern the public than the
rest. iii. 156.
instituted by the covenant of every man
with every man in what words. iii. 158,
159, 203. ii. 68, 89, 91, 99.
the definition of. iii. 158. ii. 69, 130. iv.
124.
is by institution, and by acquisition. iii.
159. ii. 70:—in the institution of, the
sovereign is declared by the major part
of voices consenting. iii. 162:—they that
enter not into the congregation for the
institution of the commonwealth, or
whose consent is not asked, what is their
condition. iii. 163. ii. 74, 143.
the difference of, consists in the differ-
ence of the sovereign:-iii. 171. ii. 93:
-of commonwealths, but three kinds.
iii. 171, 177 -monarchy, democracy,
and aristocracy. ibid. ibid. ii. 93:-the
difference in, consists not in the differ-
ence of power, but of aptitude for its
end, the peace and security of the peo-
ple. iii. 173.
every commonwealth the sovereignty
whereof is in an assembly, is as if it were
in a child. iii. 177:-has need of custodes
libertatis. ibid. :- - oftener than infant
kings, deprived of its power by its pro-
all forms of commonwealth, apparently
different, reducible to the above three
forms. iii. 178-without the power in
some one of electing the successor of an
elective king, the commonwealth dieth
with him. iii. 178.
in instituting commonwealth, the same
order that was taken for an artificial
man, must be also taken for an artificial
eternity of life. iii. 180.
commonwealth by acquisition, is acquired
by force. iii. 185:-in what way. ibid. :
-commonwealths erected for the most
part by fathers, not mothers of families.
iii. 187.
no great inconvenience in it but what
proceeds from the subjects' disobedience
and breach of the covenants that gave it
being. iii. 195:-in commonwealths long-
lived, the sovereign power was undis-
puted by the subjects. iii. 195:-the skill
of making and maintaining consists in
certain rules, not in practice. iii. 195-6.
commonwealths are amongst themselves
in the same state in which men are in a
state of nature. iii. 201. ii. pref. ii. 6, n.
141, 294:-live in the condition of a per-
petual war, upon the confines of battle,
their frontiers armed, and cannons plant-
ed etc. ibid. ibid. ibid. ibid. :—whether
the commonwealth be monarchical or
popular, the freedom in it is still the
same. iii. 202.
when the defence of the commonwealth
requires it, every man obliged to bear
arms. iii. 205.
the sovereignty the soul of the common-
wealth. iii. 208, 316, 321, 577. ii. 89:-
no representative in any commonwealth
but the sovereign, or so far as he shall
give leave. iii. 211.
the nutrition of a commonwealth consists
in what. iii. 232:-the territory of no
commonwealth produces all things need-
ful for the maintenance and motion of the
whole body. iii. 233 :-commonwealths
without territory more than enough for
habitation, have maintained and en-
creased their power, how. ibid. :-may
retain a portion in the distribution of the
land. iii. 235:-but the same in vain. iii.
236:-tends to the dissolution of the
commonwealth, why. ibid.
commonwealths can endure no diet. iii.
236: the expenses of, limited not by
their own appetites, but by those of their
neighbours. ibid.
the knowledge required for the business
of the commonwealth, is what. iii. 246.
no great popular commonwealth ever
kept up, but by what means. iii. 250:-
never by the open consultations of the
assembly. ibid. :-very little common-
wealths can last no longer than the jea-
lousy of their potent neighbours. iii. 250.
the commonwealth alone prescribes the
rules called laws. iii. 252.
is no person. iii. 252:-can act only by
the representative, that is, the sovereign.
ibid. the two arms of the common-
wealth said by the lawyers to be force
and justice. iii. 256:—one in the king, the
other in parliament. ibid. :-is in its
representative but one person. iii. 256:
-the will of the person of the common-
wealth always supposed consonant to
equity and reason. iii. 259.
the memory of the first constitution of
the commonwealth wears out of men's
minds. iii. 260.
in no part of the world are men per-
mitted to pretend other commandments
of God, than what are declared for such
by the commonwealth. iii. 275:- - in
everything not regulated by the com-
monwealth, it is equity that a man enjoy
his liberty. ibid.
of the first movers of disturbance in a
commonwealth, few live long enough to
see their new designs established. iii.
284 - would be dissolved, if private
men had the liberty to break the law
upon his own dream or vision. iii. 287:
-facts against the security of the com-
monwealth, greater crimes than against
private persons. iii. 293-4.
its right of punishing, not grounded on
the gift of the subject. iii. 297:-by the
institution of commonwealth, men are
not bound to serve it without reward,
unless the service cannot otherwise be
done. iii. 306.
might, if men had the reason they pre-
tend to, be secured from perishing by
internal disease. iii. 308:-the fault of
their dissolution lies in the makers. ibid.
705-6-amongst the infirmities of a
commonwealth is one resembling that of
the natural body proceeding from defec-
tuous procreation. iii. 309:-the disease
of the commonwealth contracted from
the abandonment of the necessary powers
of sovereignty, resembles that of children
gotten by diseased parents, subject to
untimely death, or breaking out into biles
and scabs. ibid. :-diseases of the com-
monwealth proceeding from the poison
of seditious doctrine. iii. 310-13. iv. 200.
in commonwealths, the measure of good
and evil actions is the civil law. iii. 310:
-and the judge, the person of the com-
monwealth. iii. 311.
to divide the commonwealth, is to dis-
solve it. iii. 313.
men disposed from the example of dif-
ferent government in neighbouring com-
monwealths to alteration in the form of
their own. iii. 314.
the civil power, and the power of the
commonwealth, the same thing. iii. 316:
-supremacy and the power of making
canons, implieth a commonwealth. ibid.:
when the civil and the ghostly power
oppose each other, the commonwealth is
in danger of dissolution. iii. 317:-also
from the division of the three powers,
of levying money, of conduct and com-
mand, and of making laws. iii. 318.
mixed monarchy, a division of the com-
monwealth into three factions. iii. 318:
-a disease of the commonwealth, re-
sembling a man with another man grow-
ing out of his side. iii. 319:-the diffi-
culty of raising money, a disease in the
commonwealth. ibid. :-ariseth, whence.
ibid. :-resembles the distemper of ague.
ibid. :-its disease of pleurisy, what. iii.
320: the popularity of its potent sub-
jects, like to the effects of witchcraft.
ibid: the immoderate greatness of a
town, an infirmity of the commonwealth.
iii. 321: the great number of corpor-
ations, like worms in the entrails of
the natural man. ibid.—the liberty of
disputing against absolute power, in-
fests the commonwealth like ascaride in
the body natural. ibid. :-also, the appe-
tite of enlarging dominion. ibid.
the commonwealth is dissolved, when. iii.
321.
that whatever a man may acquire by
force or fraud is his, not in state of na-
ture only, but also in a commonwealth,
maintained by some. iii. 324:-common-
wealths first constituted, imperfect and
apt to relapse into disorder. ibid. :-but
may, by industrious meditation, be made
except by external violence everlasting.
ibid.: they that go about by disobedi-
ence to reform the commonwealth, shall
|