22 sq. Besides, it would be difficult to find a witness in your case: he would have to live far away from the praetorians in town and to be a very Pylades.'

22. Weidner understands vindicta of the verdict given against the soldier, which is rendered by his comrade curabilis,' i.e. 'consolatory' to him, by all kinds of personal attentions and chiefly by injuries inflicted on you as a civilian.

23. The mule was the type of stupidity. Cf. Catull. lxxxiii. 3 'mule nihil sentis,' and Plaut. Cist. iv. 2. 12 'mulo inscitior.' Vagellius is mentioned in the same way in xiii. 119.

26. 'That he would dare to penetrate the agger and pass into the camp.' 29. If the president says, Produce your witness! and the witness dares to appear, I should class him with the ancient worthies of Rome.' Varro expressly tells us that barbers were not introduced into Italy till B.C. 300; hence we often find long hair spoken of as a symbol of archaic simplicity. Cf. Hor. Od. ii. 15. 11 'intonsi Catonis.'

33. paganus. Properly, as we have seen, used of a provincial civilian; though sometimes used even of a 'civis Romanus.' Cf. Plin. Ep. Traian. 86 B et milites et pagani.'

34. fortunam, 'his interest;' pudorem, 'his honour.'

35. Another advantage enjoyed by soldiers is that their suits are soon settled.'

38. sacrum saxum, the Terminus, honoured at the Terminalia in February with offerings of cake and spelt.

41. Alleging that the signature is worthless and the tablet useless; as we might say, that the signature is not worth the paper on which it is written. The same line occurs in Satire xiii. 137.

42. We shall have to wait a whole year before the suits of the entire nation are considered;' the meaning surely is that we shall find the civil courts so full of long-standing cases that we, and with us the whole nation, are waiting to begin ours.

43. tunc quoque, even then, if our cause does come on.'

44. The cushions are put on the bench by the apparitores, but nothing more is done.'

45. The advocates are actually getting ready to speak, and putting off the 'lacerna' which they wore outside the 'toga,' as they had to appear in court in the toga,' the distinctive dress of the Roman citizen. 47. And thus we fight our lawsuits in the dilatory lists of the law court.'

51-60. A third privilege of soldiers is that they have a right to the 'peculium castrense,' whether their father be alive or not; and hence their fathers are more than ordinarily considerate in their treatment of them.

52. During the lifetime of the father the son is not 'sui iuris,' and possesses therefore no property of his own. On the other hand, no one can touch the 'peculium castrense' of the soldier; and, if he sees fit, he can bequeath it to his father or to any one else.

54. omne regimen, 'absolute control.'

Coranum. The name is probably taken from Hor. Sat. ii. 5. 55. 56. hunc, i.e. one like Coranus.

labor aequus. 'He gets the fitting reward of his fighting. 'Labor' is the proper expression for the toil of battle.

57. sua dona, such as the 'donativum' after successfully carrying a town or a camp.

60. phalerae, bosses of gold or silver joined so as to form a necklace.

torques, a gold collar for the neck. 'Miles torquatus' is a soldier who had been presented with such an ornament as a reward of valour.

INDEX TO THE NOTES.