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late of soda in doses of from twenty-five to thirty centigrammes, and tincture of colchicum in ten to fifteen drop doses daily.

6. Headache from anæmia and poisoning. In the first case it is due to bad air and hygiene, in the second to malaria, carbonic oxide, to excessive medication, to uremia. Treatment: it should vary with the cause.

7. Headache from injury to the sensory organs. There may be chronic conjunctivitis, or keratitis, or iritis, which should be treated locally, and also by the internal use of sulphate of quinine in large doses. Troubles of refraction, hypermetropia, and astigmatism must be treated with suitable glasses. There may be mucous polypi in the nose, or hypertrophies, which call for local treatment. There may be adenoid vegetations in the ears, otititis, or foreign bodies in the auditory canal, which. call for suitable treatment. 1. F. C. in Archives of Pediatrics.

The Use of Kava in Gonorrhea.

This drug is recommended by Dupony and Gubler as almost a specific in the treatment of gonorrhea and leucorrhea. The active principles of the plant are a resin and a crystalline substance, called by Gubler, kavaine. The administration of kava in gonorrhea increases the urinary secretion, reduces inflammation, and quiets pain. It has the advantage over balsam of copaiba in that it has a pleasant taste, and does not affect the stomach unpleasantly. The plant is a native of the islands of the Pacific.-Deutsche Medicinal Zeitung. Times&Register.

[Potter, in his Materia Medica, says: "Kava is intoxicant, diuretic and motor-depressant. A moderate dose is tonic and stimulant, lessening the sense of fatigue and sharpening the mental faculties. It is highly recommended in gonorrhea and gout, also in chronic gleet and obstinate cystititis.'

Dose one-half to one dram of the root or of the fluid extract. An intoxicating dose produces a drowsy intoxication with pleasant dreams, followed by headache.-ED.]

A Cure for Tetanus.

In the Ala. Med. & Surg. Age, Dr. Barron, through the pen of Dr. Higgins, of Newberne, Ala., reports the rapid cure of three very bad cases of traumatic tetanus by the use of a poultice of red oak bark and corn meal, enveloping the entire body. The following is the technique of the treatment :

"The poultice was promptly prepared by boil ing for some time the red-oak bark in ten or twelve gallons of water, and after removing the bark the meal was stirred in until of proper

consistency. It was then spread on a large blanket, and, after stripping the patient of clothing, he was wrapped in it from ears to feet. He was left in poultice for several hours, the perspiration raining from his face. The spasms were greatly relieved. He could move his jaws and swallow. After several hours the poultice was rewarmed and again applied. After remaining in poultice several hours the muscular tension was greatly relaxed; he was taken out of poultice, rubbed dry, put to bed and stimulated with whisky and properly nourished, and I may say made a good recovery."

On the principle of physiological action above, we suggest the trial of large doses of pilocarpus for tetanus.

Treatment of Gonorrhea.

Dr. Hanika of Munich, recommends (Der Aerztliche Praktiker) that gonorrhea be treated by filling the urethra with a powder composed of equal parts of tannin, iodoform and thallin sulphate, and states that in 26 cases in which he has used this method of treatment it never failed to cure the disease in a very short time. The powder is introduced through a metal tube fitted with an obturator, a straight instrument being used when the anterior portion of the urethra only is affected, and a curved one when the posterior portion has to be reached. The application is always to be made immediately after the patient has emptied his bladder. In most of Dr. Hanika's cases the process was repeated only once a day, but the result was more favorable when the applications were made night and morning. Dr. Hanika states that he has, by this means, often cured the most violent gonorrhea in a few days.-Pac. Rec. of Med. & Surgery.

Coffee Poisoning.

The Medical Visitor gives the following rare and interesting case:

The death on October 3, of Dr. F. C. Fownes, caused by an inordinate slavery to strong coffee, was no surprise to his large circle of medical acquaintances in New York,

In the course of his practice, some twenty years ago, he became addicted to the use of coffee, and the taste grew on him to such ar extent that he drank from three to five quart a day. The coffee was made almost as stron as lye, and could not be swallowed by any on but himself.

Dr. Fownes became such a slave to the drin that he gradually lost his practice, and at th time of his death was reduced to penury, fo he had become a palsied wreck.

As soon as he got a remittance of money h began a coffee spree and continued in a maud

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was coffee.

"He spent hundreds of dollars in perfecting mechanical pots in which to distill coffee, and while his money lasted he imported the berries and roasted them in an air-tight iron globe he had made for that purpose. He took the drink without sugar or milk, and it was almost strong enough to bear up an egg."

He furthermore said: "I took a swallow of coffee that Dr. Fownes had made with great care for my benefit. It was so bitter that it wrinkled my tongue, mouth and throat. This sensation was followed by pains in the head, and the most distressing nausea. Fownes would bolt down, boiling hot, emptying cup after cupful.

"He would empty half a dozen cups of the coffee, and retiring to bed sleep off its effects like an old toper ma le torpid with spirits. At one time he had at least two dozen coffee pots in his house, and each he believed was more perfect than its predecessor.

"Poor Fownes went from bad to worse, until after each of his debauches his mind would fail, and he would be afflicted for days with all the horrors of minia-a-potu.

"His sufferings during the first week of a stay in one of the hospitals were exactly like those of patients who were compelled to abstain from liquor, opium, ether, or any like intoxi

cant.

"After two or three weeks' care in a hospital he would come out a new man, but could not refrain from returning to the coffee cup. "Last year he was such a shattered, helpless wreck that he could scarcely stand alone."

Therapeutics by Inhalation.

George A. Evans, M. D., read a paper before the Kings Co., N. Y., Med. Society, which was published in The Brooklyn Medical Jour

nal, from which we select the following extracts:

Chronic affections of the air passages, unresolved pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis have been treated by inhalations of almost all of the known antiseptic preparations; of these, carbolic acid, beechwood creasote aud salicylic acid have yielded the best results and in the order named. Chronic bronchitis associated with asthma and emphysema, however, responds more rapidly to inhalations of salicylic acid in combination with most any of the volatile oils. The more important of these are: terebene, eucalyptus, thyme, pinus sylvestris, gaultheria and mentha piperita.

Pertusis submits rapidly to inhalations of cresylic acid, coal-tar creasote and resorcin.

Bronchorrhagia is controlled by most any of the vegetable astringents, preferrably tannic acid. Powerful styptic and astringent preparations, particularly those of the inorganic class, are liable to do mischief.

The utility of local applications of medicated spray has been forcibly emphasized by Oertel, as follows:1

"I consider inhalations of carbolic acid, or the analogous salicylic and boric acids, to be absolutely indispensable in the different stages of pulmonary phthisis, in chronic pneumonia, in the liquefaction of caseous infiltrations; also in copiously secreting cavities filled with decomposing products, in deep-spreading laryngeal ulcerations, to the ragged, callous margins of which the decomposing bronchial and cavernous contents adhere and undergo still further decomposition, exposed to the influence of atmospheric air. Again, the widespread mycoses of the air-passages and of the lungs which I have observed in the course of phthisis are best combated by the phenol spray, and the vegetable parasites which proliferate over the whole respiratory tract, even to the pulmonary alveoli, are in a short time destroyed by it."

Oertel "" says: Many attempts at treatment by inhalation have not been attended by satisfactory results, because the quantity of medicine employed and the duration of its application were not in due ratio to the intensity of the pathological processes with which we have had. to deal."

My own observations corroborate this state

ment.

In conclusion, I wish to say that although I believe the inhalation treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs to be rational from every standpoint, I neither advocate nor practice it to the exclusion of all other methods.

1. Respiratory Therapeutics, by M. J. Oertel, M.D., Munich.

Periods of Gestation. The periods of gestation are the same in the horse and ass, II months each; camel, 12 months; elephant, two years; lion, 5 months; buffalo, 12 months; cow, 9 months; sheep, 5 months; reindeer, 8 months; monkey, 7 months; bear, 6 months; sow, 4 months; dog, 9 weeks; cat, 8 weeks; rabbit, 4 weeks; guinea pig, 4 weeks; wolf, 90 to 95 days. Geese sit 30 days; swans, 42 days, hens, 21 days; ducks, 28 days; pea hens and turkeys, 28 days; canaries, 14 days; pigeons, 14 days; parrots, 40 days-Western Med. Reporter.

Aluminum in Diphtheria.

Dr. E. Dickenshied, Spinnerstown, Pa., in a paper read before the Lehigh Valley Medical Association, states that aluminum was first used by his father a decade ago, in a case of which he supposed to be hopeless diphtheria, as a disinfectant. The patient recovered, and since then 257 diphther tic patients have been treated with but two deaths. The remedy is used in solution as follows:

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THE COLD BATH IN INFANTILE. M. Devic has communicated to the Societe des Sciences Medicales de Lyon (Lyon Medical, 1890, P, 547) a memoir prepared in conjunction with M. Perret (Prof. Agrege) on the use of cold baths in the treatment of infantile typhoid fever, under which term were included cases ranging up to fourteen years. The treatment was well borne by all the patients, and collapse was not observed in any case. The average number of baths was fifty. The duration of each bath was generally ten minutes, and the temperature of the water 68° F. (20°C). The water ought not to be cooler than this except in quite exceptional cases. The number of cases treated was eighty one; of this number twenty-five were slight and fourteen severe; the number of deaths was three; two deaths of children at the age of puberty (almost adults) were due to the intensity of the infection; the third. a very young child, succumbed to a rare

complication-purulent pericarditis following suppurative broncho-pneumonia. The mortality was 3.7 per cent.-Archives of Gynecology.

The Yeast Treatment of Typhoid Fever. IN The Lancet of April 18, 1891, I mentioned that yeast was being held up as a specific for the cure of enteric fever, and that some of the physicians at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, were experimenting with it. The report recently issued deals with thirty-seven cases treated by Drs. Embling, Lempriere, and Barclay Thompson. Dr. Thompson writes: "In all, thirty-seven cases have been treated: Ten were severe, the temperature reaching or exceeding 104°; eight moderately severe, temperature reaching or exceeding 103°; eleven were mild, although the temperature reached 103°; eight were very mild, the temperature never being above 102°. In all, recovery took place without any relapse. When commencing the use of the yeast, it occurred to me that if the theory that relapses are due to reinfection from the intestine is correct, then there should be none under the use of the yeast, as all the bacilli would be destroyed in the intestinal tube. This is so far borne out, for there was not a relapse in the thirty-seven cases under yeast; while in the 107 cases otherwise treated in the hospital there where sixteen relapses. The average proportion of relapses is given by Fagge as 2 to 11 per cent."-Lancet. -Times & Register.

MENTHOL crystals and camphor gum coming into contact with each form a clear, oillike fluid. When combined in equal parts, and united in the proportion of twenty per cent. to eighty per cent. of lanoline, or in such other proportions as the sensibility of the part may require, and applied with a devilbiss or other appropriate atomizer to the upper air passages, they contract the capillary vessels, allay irritation, relieve pain, arrest excessive discharges, correct vitiated excretions, and increase the size of the passages. Properly applied, we may confidently predict prompt relief in almost every form of hypertrophy of these passages in summer asthma (hay fever), the various forms of catarrh, both acute and chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and allied affections. It is needless to say that the best results will obtain from applications at the onset of the disease.-Kansas Medical Journal.

Ipecacuanha to Increase Labor Pains.

DRAPES (Les Nouv. Remed.) affirms that ipecac, in the form of wine of ipecac, in the dose of ten to fifteen drops, repeated every ten minutes, constitutes a powerful remedy to pro voke strong contractions of the uterus in a case

of uterine inertia, or rigidity of the cervix, which threatens to indefinitely prolong the labor. After the second or third dose, strong uterine contractions will come on, will repeat themselves at regular intervals, and tend to rapidly bring the labor to an end. That which makes ipecac in this condition superior to ergot of rye is that it never provokes tetanic contraction of the uterus, so frequent after the administratiod of ergot.-Med. News.-Canada Med. Rec.

[Compare, also, the action of gelseminum, cimicifuga, quinine and cannabis Indica.ED.]

Treatment of Chronic Eczema by Creolin. DR. PATTESON read a note on the treatment of chronic eczema by creolin. He had been led to adopt its use from the well-known value of tarry preparations in certain forms of eczema and psoriasis, and from its cheapness, which rendered it suitable for out-patient practice. He briefly referred to two cases of pustular eczema of the scalp-one of eight and the other of three years' standing-in which marked improvement and cure followed its prolonged

use.

It was applied as a wash or lotion in the proportion of one drachm to eight ounces of water. The value of such a powerful germi

cide in these cases seemed in favor of Unna's contention as to the parasitic nature of eczema. The President congratulated the Academy on the additional remedy for chronic eczema which Dr. Patteson had brought under their notice. His communication, however, did more, and that was, that it emphasized the importance of perseverance in the treatment for eczema which has been found temporarily useful.-Lancet.

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In pneumonia, we have rusty colored spu

tum.

In oedema of the lung, the expectoration is

serous.

Where we have pneumonia terminating in gangrene of the lungs, the sputum is exceedingly fetid; greenish or brownish.

The sputum of chronic bronchitis, when as sociated with disease of the heart, looks like the white of egg mixed with water, and may amount to a quart or half gallon in twentyfour hours.

The sputum of chronic bronchitis, when not complicated is large, broad and irregular, and is greenish or yellowish.-Morris, in Times & Register.

The Abuse of Morphine in Paris.

ONE of our exchanges states that the improper use of morphine subcutaneously is said to be extending very rapidly in Paris, with deplorable results, both mentally and physically, to the unhappy victims of the seductive habit. To meet the demand of the morphiomaniacs certain speculators have recently opened two establishments, to which people can go to have their craving after the poison gratified--the one for men, the other for women. They are not clandestine houses; the police are quite aware of their existence, and everything is decently and properly conducted at them. The drawing rooms in which visitors are received are luxuriously furnished, and provided with books, newspapers, etc., for those who care for them. The price charged for the first injection of morphia is five francs, succeeding ones being half that price. A journalist who visited these establishments says the majority of the visitors were young men and young and pretty women.-St. Louis Med. &Surg. Jour.

Bromide of Lithium for Rheumatism. BROMIDE of lithium is said by Prof. R. Bartholow to be about the best remedy for muscular rheumatism.- Western Med. Repor

ter.

A Resurrection Bone.

THROUGHOUT the middle ages it was believed that there existed in a man a bone imponderable, incorruptible, incombustible, the necessary nucleus of the resurrection body. Belief in the resurrection of the physical body, despite St. Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians, had been incorporated into the formula made many centuries after his time and called the Apostle's Creed, and was held throughout Christendom "always, everywhere, and by all." This hypothetical bone was therefore held in veneration, and many anatomists

sought to discover it.

Vesalius revealing so much else, did not find it, and was therefore suspected of a want of proper faith. He contented himself with saying that he left the question regarding the existence of such a bone to the theologians. He could not lie, he did not wish to fight the Inquisitions, and thus he fell under suspicion. The strength of this theological point may be judged from the fact that no less eminent a surgeon than Riolan consulted the executioner. to find out whether, when he burned a criminal, all the parts were consumed; and only then was the answer received which fatally undermined this superstition. Still, in 1689, we find it lingering in France, creating an energetic opposition in the church to dissection. Even as late as the eighteenth century, Bernoulli having shown that the living human body constantly undergoes a series of changes, so that all its particles are renewed in a given number of years. so much ill-feeling was drawn upon him, especially from the theologians, who saw in this statement danger to the doctrine of the resurrection of the body, that for the sake of peace he struck out his argument on the subject from his collected works. Popular Science Monthly.

Puerperal Eclampsia.

VERATRUM VIRIDE is a specific for puerperal eclampsia. And while in many instances we are in total ignorance as to the action of specifics, in this case the modus operandi is perfectly plain. By slowing the cardiac impulse and lowering the arterial tension it relieves the cerebral hyperemia which is an essential condition of eclampsia. Its action is almost as mechanical as venesection and almost as efficacious. It also illustrates another principle in the administration of medicines, and that is that one must give enough to accomplish the desired effcct.

It is not enough to give the right medicine in the right disease, but one must give it in sufficient quantities to perform the work, however great that quantity may be. In the case of veratrum in eclampsia, large and often enormous doses must be given to rednce the arterial tension.--Dr. Hinckley, Cin. Med. Jour.

guish the doctor from his fellow-men, and although from an advertisement point of view this may not be altogether a drawback, it certainly entails inconveniences of its own. It never occurs to an outsider to start a conversation with a doctor on any but a medical topic, and it is quite open to discussion, a contemporary suggests, whether, if medical men did not differentiate themselves so much, and were content to be like other educated members of the community in title, manners, and personal appearance, it would not be better for themselves both in public and private life." -Med Record.

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This destructive little insect works great damage and frequently annihilates whole fields of grain by sucking the sap from the growing stalk.

Prof. Snow has found a means of injecting the bugs in the laboratory with a highly infectious malady. When these few infected bugs are scattered through a field in which the healthy ones are found, the in ection spreads rapidly and soon rids the grain of them.

Fields thus cleared of them last year are not affected this year. This is another triumph of science over a formidable enemy of the farms of the great West. A similar method has been tried with the army worm, and with partial

success.

FOR hawking due to accumulation of inspissated mucus in the naso-pharynx, a writer in the Omaha Clinic suggests the following: R Ammonii chloridi..

Extract glycyrrhizæ pulv....aa....oz. ij Fiat pulvis.

Of this two teaspoonfuls are taken in a glass. ful of water on an empty stomach in the morning, every two hours during the day, and the last dose just before retiring. This is continued until one single attempt at clearing the throat will cause an easy and loose expectoration, when the frequency of the dose is reduced first to every three, then to every four, and

The Society for the Abolition of the Title of finally five hours. Doctor.

"The titular appellation which medical practitioners rejoice in is a relic of antiquity akin to that of the legal wig, and it is curious in that it has survived the levelling tendencies of the present generation. A correspondent raises the question as to whether the practice is an unmixed advantage. It serves to distin

MY DEAR EDITOR:- I still hold fast to my first impressions as regards the visiting list and ledger. They are worth to me at least 8500 a month. None as good. The Medical WORLD is still at the head for general information on the practice of medicine. A. F. PATTEE, M. D. 94 West Springfield St., Boston, Mass. Do NOT fail to send your subscription for 1892.

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