the United States and played an important part in the construction of the Erie Canal, the Hudson River Railroad and the famous old Portage road over the Allegheny Mountains to Pittsburgh, Pa. His father was also a successful contractor who was engaged in much important work throughout the State, in the early days of railroads and canals. Mr. McManus was educated at the Macungie Institute, in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, and in the public schools of Lancaster County, in the same State. After leaving school, he was employed by his maternal grandfather and quickly familiarized himself with every branch of the contracting business. His quick grasp of detail and his determination and energy are shown in his earliest work. In 1866, when but nineteen years of age, he entered into a contract to build a section of eleven miles of the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, and despite his youth and to the amazement of his friends, he successfully completed the work within the prescribed time. This was his first venture and the knowledge gained by its fulfillment brought him into a prominence that rapidly secured for him many important and intricate railroad contracts. Among his first important work in Philadelphia was the erection of the Philadelphia Stock Yards and the construction of the entire track system at the Exposition grounds during the Centennial in 1876, and the building of the station and track system for the Pennsylvania Railroad at Thirty-second and Market streets. Mr. McManus was at one time roadmaster of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad and he later double-tracked the Atlantic City system for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. He also constructed the mason work for two bridges over the Susquehanna River and reconstructed the roadbed and waterways at South Fork and Johnstown, Pa., after the awful flood that was so destructive to life and property. Some of the heaviest and most difficult work on the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad was executed by Mr. McManus. This included the changing of the line at Conewago, Hillsdale, Bixler. Bennington and Newton-Hamilton, but his greatest achievement in railroad

construction was the perfect system of tracks at Broad Street Station, which was devised and constructed entirely by him. His other work for this company was the building of the tunnel for the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Division under the main line in West Philadelphia and the tunnel under the New York Division tracks at Thirty-fifth street. He has also constructed a large amount of macadam work in and around Philadelphia. His more recent work included the track system in the Philadelphia and Reading subway and the reconstruction of the old Dismal Swamp Canal in Virginia and South Carolina and the making of a waterway from the Chesapeake Bay to Albemarle Sound. From 1884 until 1894, Mr. McManus was in partnership with his half-brother, James B. Reilly, under the firm name of McManus and Reilly. In the last named year he purchased Mr. Reilly's interest and conducted the business alone until 1897, when he organized the McManus Construction Company, of which he is president and general manager. Mr. McManus also made all the excavations and doubletracked the electric road to Atlantic City for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, completing the forty-mile stretch, from Newfield to the seashore in four months. The large work he has now under way includes two sections of the Low Grade Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the first west of Downingtown, Pa., and the other at Quarryville, Pa., and the construction of the cut-off for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, between Park Summit and Milford, Pa. This is considered one of the heaviest pieces of construction work ever undertaken, both on account of the rock formation and the extremely high elevation of the road, some of the bridges being over two hundred and fifty feet above the water level. Mr. McManus, in addition to being the oldest contractor in the State, in point of continuous service, is one of the best known and most successful and there is probably no man in the business that has so comprehensive a knowledge of the intricacies of systematic track laying. He is a member of the Engineers' Club, the Athletic Club and the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. Mr.

Brigadier General J. Lewis Good, who for over forty years has been closely identified with the business, social and military life of Philadelphia, was born in that city February 3, 1853, and was educated in the public schools. After mastering every detail of the undertaking business, he was admitted to partnership in the business which his father, John Good, had established in 1832, becoming sole proprietor upon the death of the elder Good. General Good served as a member of the Eighth Ward Sectional School Board for twenty years and was

at one time Secretary and afterwards President of the old Board of Health. Upon the organization of the Bureau of Health, he was made its temporary chief. This position was finally made permanent and he was at the same time made President of the Board. General Good has been connected with the National Guard since 1871, and rose from the ranks to the Colonelcy of the First Regiment. He served as Colonel of the First Pennsylvania Volunteeers during the Spanish-American War. He is a former president of the Young Republican Club and is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Manufacturers' Club, the Philadelphia Yacht Club and President of the State Board of Undertakers. He has been for ten years president of the Ninth Ward Building Association, No. 2, and is president of the Arlington Cemetery Company, at Lansdowne.

WILLIAM PEPPER, M. D., LL. D.

William Pepper was born August 21, 1843. He was the son of Dr. William Pepper, one of the leading practitioners of his day in Philadelphia. Dr. Pepper graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1862 and from the Medical School in 1864. The establishment of the University Hospital in 1874 was largely due to his efforts. Dr. Pepper was appointed Professor of Clinical Medicine in 1874 and in 1876 he served as Medical Director of the Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia. In 1877 he delivered an address entitled, "Higher Medical Education the True Interest of the Public and of the Profession," and in 1893 on the inauguration of the fouryear course at the University he delivered under the same title another equally important address. These two addresses are land marks in the progress of medical education in America. Sir William Osler has said: "Were I asked to name the most satisfving single piece of work in Dr. Pepper's life, I should say unhesitatingly, 'That which related to the promotion of higher medical education."

In 1881 Dr. Pepper was inaugurated

WILLIAM PEPPER, M. D., LL. D.

Department for Women, The Department of Philosophy, The Department of Hygiene, The Veterinary Department, The Department of Architecture, The Training School for Nurses, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, The Department of Physical Education, The William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Department of Archaeology and Palaeontology.

And the following public institutes

were his creations: The Free Library of Philadelphia, The Free Museum of Science and Art, The Philadelphia Muse

ums.

Dr. Pepper held the chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1884 until his death in 1898. This chair had been held by his father from 1860 to 1864. He also edited in 1885 a five-volume "System of Medicine," to which he was a copious contributor. This work had an international success. was followed in 1893 by "A Text-Book of Medicine by American Teachers."

It

In 1892 Dr. Pepper was elected president of the Pan-American Medical Congress, which held its first meeting in 1893 in Washington, and in 1896 attended as president, the second meeting in the City of Mexico.

At the suggestion of Dr. Pepper, his uncle, George S. Pepper, bequeathed about $225,000 to found a Free Library in Philadelphia and the credit for founding this institution is largely due to Dr. Pepper.

During the latter years of his life Dr. Pepper labored unceasingly for the establishment of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum.

An epitome of his public achievements may be found in his biography by Francis Newton Thorpe: "Institutions founded: The University Hospital, the Commercial Museums, and the Philadelphia Free Library. Institution reorganized and recreated: The University of Pennsylvania. Public Reforms: The improvement of the city's water supply and an entire change in the attitude of the public mind towards education and the ideals of life. To carry out these plans Dr. Pepper raised above ten million dollars and secured about a hundred acres of land from the municipality, lying near the heart of Philadelphia. To the execution of this task he gave the service of one of the most acute and at the same time the most practical minds ever vouchsafed to man." Dr. Pepper died July 28, 1898, aged 55 years.

Laboring during periods of acute bodily pain, when it would seem impossible for his mental equipment to remain normal Mr. Warwick struggled to complete this, his last work, with a fortitude that was heroic. At times his suffering was so intense that he had to stop dictating, but after a few moments' rest he would resume work with an apology for his seeming weakness. He never complained, but preserved the same genial temperament that marked his entire life. None of his many friends could possibly realize the intensity of the suffering he bore uncomplainingly for years for his cheerfulness was seldom overcome by his physical ailments and it was only on rare occasions that he let it be known how keenly he felt the blight that sickness had put upon his career. The visit of old friends was greatly appreciated by the patient sufferer and letters from former associates were read eagerly and cheerfully answered. One from Judge John P. Elkin, of the Supreme Court of the State, brought a reply that shows how stoically Mr. Warwick accepted the situation and how bravely he faced the adverse conditions. Judge Elkin's letter was one of sympathy and encouragement and Mr. Warwick replied as follows: "MY DEAR JUDGE:

"I have received your letter of the 11th inst. I cannot tell you how your kind words touched my heart and gave me courage to face the future. I have tried to be cheerful through my affliction and to keep my colors flying until they fall under the last volley that is discharged. God bless you, my dear Judge, and may your future be bright, prosperous and happy. You may rest assured that I shall ever remember you as an old time friend."

When death finally relieved him, it bore no sting, but was welcomed, for in its calm repose he found the haven "where the weary are at rest."

Mr. Warwick's death brought tele

grams of regret and condolence from every quarter, for he possessed a personality that attracted and his friends were legion. His funeral was attended by acquaintances and friends in every walk of life. Men distinguished in the affairs of the State and city were, in their grief, brought in close contact with the humble laborers who had come to pay their last respects to one whom they loved and revered for his kindly nature and thoughtful consideration. The newspapers, the Bench and Bar and various associations with which Mr. Warwick was affiliated, paid tribute to his sterling integrity and worth and expressed deep regret at the loss of a valued friend and co-worker. His death was editorially noted in the "Press" as follows: "Beginning early in life and continuing up to the time when his party and public service were rewarded by an election to the Mayoralty, Charles F. Warwick had a very large part in the public life of the city. His graceful, ready and pleasing oratory was always in demand and his genial, hearty manner and good fellowship made him widely popular. Four times he was chosen City Solicitor and performed the duties of that office acceptably for eleven years. As Mayor he had behind him a divided party and its political dissensions seriously marred the harmony and success of his administration.

"Among his notable services as Mayor was the part he took so well as master of ceremonies when the city received distinguished visitors. When Li Hung Chang and his suite visited Philadelphia, Mayor Warwick gave them a great and impressive welcome. When he accompanied the Liberty Bell to Atlanta in 1895, the entire route was alive with freshly aroused patriotism and the Mayor's frequent and most happy speeches quite won the hearts of the Southern people, keenly appreciative of spontaneous, graceful and appropriate oratory.

"Since his retirement from the May

oralty, Mr. Warwick had been only occasionally before the public. Illness, severe, protracted and exhausting almost incapacitated him for several years and never altogether left him. In this interval his life took on a new interest. Always a reader, the perusal of the French Revolution had received much of his attention and in spite of illness he labored over that period and wrote at short intervals four volumes of vivid narration which make a valuable popular history of that most exacting and interesting historical period.

"Mr. Warwick was a man who made friends and many of them. The public dinner given to him when it was believed he was finally recovered from his illness bore testimony to the great number of these. friends and the strength of their attachment. He has died at a relatively early age, but probably his life work was completed and robust health was not permanently his portion. His life has been a full one and his memory will long survive."

The "Evening Bulletin" thus expressed its opinion: "By the death of Charles. Franklin Warwick, City Solicitor for eleven years and Mayor from 1895 to 1899, Philadelphia loses one of its most attractive public orators. Rarely if ever did Warwick make a speech that was not listened to with keen interest and pleasure. His addresses were full of wit and classic allusions, but never tired his listeners, being always eloquent and to the point. In the Blaine campaign of 1884. when only thirty-two years of age, he delivered some of the most notable speeches that were made in Ohio and Indiana.”

In the same paper on April 7, 1913. "Penn" under the caption "Men and Things" wrote as follows of Mr. Warwick: "The late Charles F. Warwick was the third Mayor of Philadelphia under the Bullitt Act, and only two citizens who held that office before him are now living-Edwin S. Stuart and William B. Smith and Smith is the only survivor of the Mayors under the Consolidation Act, more than a quarter of a century having passed since he went out of office. It has been said that Warwick was the youngest man that has ever served in the Mavoralty. But this is incorrect, for both

Stuart and Smith, and also Weaver, were each at the time of their election, younger than he was at the time of his election. Since he held the office there have been four successors-Ashbridge, Weaver, Reyburn and Blankenburg-and in the many mutations that have taken place in Philadelphia politics, as well as by reason. of the physical infirmities which disabled him, he had almost as much disappeared from public recollection during most of the interval as if he had already ceased to be of and among the living. In this respect-in the cruel blight which befell the exercise of his powers at a time when he was in the fulness of his mental resources and when many years of professional and public activity should have been ahead of him-he was unlike any other man that has come out of the office in the meridian of life.

* *

He

"But when he was in the flush of his ambition, and especially long before he became Mayor of Philadelphia, his genial, enthusiastic and eager nature was like the radiance of crisp and buoyant sunshine, and no other young man at the bar and in politics had more of a zest and ardor in his hopes of a great career. was peculiarly an example of the 'selfmade' youth: he worked hard in the studies which he imposed upon himself, and he never had any hesitation in avowing his toil or the necessities which spurred him to exertion. I first knew him when he was a Republican stumper in the campaign for Henry M. Hoyt for Governor against Andrew H. Dill in 1878, and one Saturday night, when he was sent to an open-air mass-meeting in Kensington, in the vicinity of the old 'Nanny Goat' market, he delivered one of the most fiery 'bloody shirt' speeches, as the term then went, that had been heard in the campaign. His glowing picture of the heroism of the Union soldiers was as an electrical charge of vehement, highpitched diction, and the applause of the crowd was tremendous. Apparently the speech was as spontaneous as it was spirited, but after it was all over he laughingly admitted to his friends of the press that he had been laboring for a week on