But when Colonel Givins came again, he said that our Great Father wants a piece of land to make the line straight, so as to run northwest of all the banks of the Au Sable, from the portage to the heads of Lake Ontario; and for this additional piece of land Colonel Givins fixed no price, but said he could not tell how much our Great Father would give us for the same, being ten miles beyond Goderich, and forty miles more north than Colonel Givins ever bought or asked to purchase from us, and has never since paid us, your red children, anything for that additional vast tract of country.

Nevertheless, depending on the magnanimity, justice and honor of our Great Father to remunerate us for this additional land, we affixed our totems to a paper Colonel Givins called a provisional agreement executed at Amherstburg, in the Western District of Upper Canada, on the 29th day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, and renewed the same on the tenth day of July, eighteen hundred and twentyseven, thereby selling and conveying to his late majesty two millions, one hundred and eighty-two thousand, and forty-nine acres of land, for which we have only been allowed the trifling annuity of 4,400 dollars in goods. This injustice we, your red children, wish to make known to our Great Queen and Good Mother by our young man Way-way-nosti. We believe that you are honest and will not let us any longer think evil, and suffer secretly on this subject, which makes our heart sick, and our feelings irritated at the great injustice practiced upon us, as aforesaid, by Colonel Givins, who then acted as superintendent of Indian affairs in Upper Canada, in the above mentioned written provisional agreement.

We have great confidence in our kind Mother, the Queen, and we know that her Majesty will order all things in the right and proper way, as soon as they are made known to her Majesty, and that this talk may go directly to the eye and ear of our Great Mother. Another thing we wish our Great Mother to be informed of, our well doing. Since we have become civilized and embraced the religion of our blessed Savior Jesus Christ, for six or seven years past, through the instrumentality of the Reverend James Evans, who was our first minister and brought us the glad tidings of salvation, through the merits of our blessed Redeemer, and since which we have endeavored to serve the Lord and honor you, our dear and illustrious Queen; thus, your Majesty will see, that we have put far away our old customs and paganism, and we hope never to return to them again. We have left our camps and wigwams in the woods, and now live in comfortable log houses. We have cleared and cultivated our lands, and sowed seed, and planted potatoes, corn and oats, and made many other improvements, and are happy to acknowledge the reception of farming implements from our dear Father, Sir George Arthur, our Governor, for

which we are thankful to you, our beloved and much respected Mother and Queen.

We, your red children, therefore humbly pray that your Majesty will be pleased to grant us a reasonable addition to our aforesaid annuity, and that your Majesty will also be pleased to order a patent to issue to the chiefs who signed the aforesaid agreement in trust, and to ensure to the 440 individuals mentioned in the said provisional agreement, and to their posterity at all times hereafter, for their own exclusive use and enjoyment, of the four small tracts reserved by us in our aforesaid original agreement, as other Pagan Indians are intruding themselves on our said reservations, and in order to enable us to have them removed and punished in your Majesty's courts of

law.

And as in duty bound, we your faithful allies will ever pray, that the Almighty God will bless our Great Mother and grant her long life, with every blessing to our most gracious and noble Queen, with much love and confidence, we are still your Majesty's dutiful children.

Port Sarnia, in the Western District of Upper Canada, this sixth day of January, 1841.

THE DETROIT YOUNG MEN'S TEMPERANCE SOCIETY

At a meeting of the young men of the city of Detroit for the purpose of forming a temperance society, held in the session room of the Presbyterian church, on Saturday evening, February 21st, 1835, Mr. Charles W. Penny was called to the chair, and J. L. Talbot appointed secretary.

On motion of Francis Dwight, Esq., it was unanimously resolved, that it is expedient to form in the city of Detroit an independent young men's temperance society. Messrs. [O.] D. Marsh, A. S. Kellogg, Seymour Rossiter, H. K. Caniff, and F. Sawyer, jr., having been appointed for that purpose by the chair, reported a constitution, which after much discussion, was adopted.

On motion of J. M. Howard, Esq., it was resolved, that we consider it a fundamental principle of temperance reform that ardent spirits are to be used in no case, except when required as a medicine.

On motion of Mr. Silas Titus, a committee of ten was appointed to revise the constitution and form a code of by-laws, and report to an adjourned meeting to be held on Saturday evening next. The following gentlemen compose said committee: Dr. Douglass Houghton, H. M. Cline, J. A. Arm

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strong, H. Doty, William B. Alvord, R. E. Roberts, B. P. Hutchinson, M. S. Garrison, Albert Dolson and Henry G. Hubbard.

Adjourned to meet on Saturday the 28th of February.

J. L. TALBOT, Secretary

CHARLES W. PENNY, Chairman

At a meeting of the young men of Detroit, held pursuant to adjournment, on Saturday evening the 28th of February, 1835, Dr. Houghton, chairman of the committee, appointed on Saturday last, presented the constitution, as revised by the committee, which was adopted as reported.

Henry G. Hubbard, Esq., from said committee, reported a code of by-laws which was adopted.

The following gentlemen were then elected officers of the Society for the ensuing year: Douglass Houghton, President; James A. Armstrong, 1st vice President; Henry G. Hubbard, 2d vice President; B. P. Hutchinson, 3d vice President; B. F. Hall, corresponding secretary; A. S. Kellogg, recording secretary; Francis Dwight, Washington Watkins, Marshal J. Bacon, R. E. Roberts, Charles A. Trowbridge, William B. Alvord, Charles W. Penny, James Fitson, Jacob S. Farrand, A. A. Dwight, H. M. Cline, directors.

The president elect, upon being called to the chair, addressed the society in a short but appropriate speech.

On motion of George E. Hand, Esq.,

Resolved, That we deem the immoderate use of wine, or, any other stimulus, a violation of the spirit of our temperance pledge.

On motion of Mr. Hand,

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting, and that of the 21st inst., together with the names of the officers of the society, be published in all the newspapers of the city.

A. S. KELLOGG, Rec. Sec.

This was probably the first temperance society formed in Michigan.

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SOCIETY

Resolved, That we consider it a fundamental principle of temperance reform, that ardent spirits be used in no cases, excepting when required as a medicine.

Resolved, That we deem the immoderate use of wine or any other stimulus, a violation of the spirit of our temperance pledge.

Resolved, That we consider the vending of ardent spirits a violation of the pledge of this society.

Resolved, That deeming the cause of temperance one of vital importance, alike to the perpetuity of our political rights, and a high moral character, we will so shape our course as to open upon the mind a full beam of the light of reason and of knowledge, and not by the force of circumstances, to trample upon the rights of any one who may differ from us.

* Resolved, That in view of the happy results which have been produced by temperance associations, we look with peculiar interest to our new states and territories in the west, and whilst we admire the rapidity with which our western forests are converted into fruitful fields, and populous towns, we feel it incumbent upon us, not only to double our diligence, but to urge upon all friends of temperance, morality and religion, to unite more actively in disseminating those principles, and circulating those habits of temperance throughout that interesting section of country, which alone can render a people virtuous, prosperous and happy.

ADDRESS

of the executive committee of the Detroit Young Men's Temperance Society, to the young men of Michigan:

The executive committee of the Young Men's Temperance Society of Detroit, in order to disseminate the tidings of temperance, would call the attention of the young men of our territory to this interesting theme. We enter upon this subject with less of faltering and embarrassment, than we should feel upon any other of a similar character. We arrogate nothing to ourselves. We claim no superiority in the amount of knowledge-and we pretend not to more of the pure spirit of philanthropy than any of you. We have all the hopes, the joyous aspirations, the bright views incident to men who have just entered upon the stage of active life. We have not been reared in some imaginary place, where vice and temptations were unknown, but we have seen, and perchance partaken of the pleasures and amusements of young men. These are all the personal claims we can present to your attention, but with only these and the importance of the subject, we feel secure, and speak to you as brothers, for such we all are, even in the prosecutions of the various pursuits, which have led to make the territory of the lakes our home.

So much has been written, and that too in the ablest manner, upon the subject of temperance, that we have merely to ask your exertions in behalf of a cause upon which is shining no twinkling light of hypothesis, no gray beam of opening day, but the full effulgence of the mid-day sun.

We ask not a spirit of blind fanaticism, which is as disgusting as it is il

* This resolution was submitted to the American Temperance Society, at a meeting held in Washington, by Mr. Wing, the late delegate in congress from this territory.

liberal; we appeal to no sectarian prejudices; we awaken no political associations, but we desire zeal, exertion and energy, in a cause whose motto is "philanthropy and patriotism." In the prosecution of the temperance reformation there is opened to the view of the laborer a broad field; there are the prejudices of early education, and stronger still, the barriers of custom to be Overcome. Feelings and opinions are to be changed, and that not by force or proscription, but by persuasion, knowledge and example.

These, then, are the three natural divisions of our address, and first:

1. Persuade men to be temperate. The inquiry that arises, almost, of course, here is; how, and in what way can men best be persuaded to be temperate? They must have their attention awakened; they must be made to realize the evils of intemperance; brought to appreciate the good emanating from the prevalence of temperance, and convinced that these benefits are to be reached only over the prostrate barriers of custom and habit. Are the evils alluded to imaginary, as has been asserted? Are they alone incident to the conventional rules of society? Though the fancy may be vivid, and the imagination strong and brilliant, yet their united efforts could not create such scenes as have been called into being by the use of ardent spirits. Behold the picture :-the wealthy and prosperous sunk to poverty and want; the young and noble laid prematurely in a drunkard's grave; the kind and affectionate wife beaten for amusement and murdered for a pastime, by her besotted, reeling husband; the poor infant obliged to draw the subtle poison with its nourishment from its mother's breast; the pangs of hunger, of weeping children answered with a curse, and their food poured down the drunkard's throat; poor-houses increased; prisons and jails surfeited with criminals, and rags and disease fearfully multiplied. Man is brutalized, and the brief year of life itself, reduced. But this is scarcely an enumeration of the evils. How many widows, helpless orphans, ruined men, criminals and outcasts, has it made? Talents of almost superhuman order have been prostrated. The hall of legislation, the bench, the bar, the pulpit, the workshop of the me chanic, the warehouse of the merchant, the rich and fertile farm, the gallant navy, the brave and noble army, the halls of science and medicine, the laboratory of the chemist and philosopher, the ship, whose sails whiten every sea, the domestic circle. the fields of literature and the church itself, have each and all been desecrated, blotted by the use of ardent spirits. These things are not incident to the conventional rules of society, else, why is not the criminal code abolished, the prisons thrown open and vice and crime suffered to riot undisturbed upon mankind? For if society by its formation enforces one, so does it also the other. The evils are not positive, but nega tive, and men need but to be persuaded of these things, and they will seal up