AMERICA AND GREAT BRITAIN.

America is at this time in a state of great prosperity. An one can obtain employment there that is disposed and able t work, and any one can obtain fair wages in return for hi labour. Every man has the opportunity, by temperance economy, and diligence, of becoming a land-owner, and of se curing thus the opportunity of supporting himself and hi family in a state of comfortable freedom and independence Numbers that have gone from this country in abject poverty have not only been able to support themselves and their famile in comfort, but to obtain, in the course of two, three, or fon years, sufficient money to purchase thirty, forty, sixty, eighty or a hundred acres of land, as well as to stock their land wit cows and sheep, and get abundance of pigs and poultry. Nov I ask, why things are not as prosperous here as in America Why is it more difficult for people to obtain employment i England than in the United States? And why is it more diffi cult to obtain good wages in return for labour in England tha in the United States? Why is it more difficult for industriou people to obtain possession of land or houses in this country than in the United States? How is it, that, while every on can obtain work in America, and obtain good wages for thei work, and cheap and good provisions in return for their wages such multitudes in this country and in Ireland should be un able to obtain regular employment, and, when they obtain em ployment, should be unable to obtain good wages in return, or when they have got their wages, should be unable to purchas cheap and good provisions with their money? I say, how it? It is because the rulers of this country are a set of tyrants It is because the rulers of this country are unjust, inhuman savage. It is because they care for themselves and their ow families alone, and care not at all for their countrymen. It i because the power and government of the kingdom are in th hands of a few aristocrats, instead of being in the hands of th people at large. True, there is not so much land in Englan as there is in the United States; but there is three times mor land in the kingdom than has ever been well cultivated. And if we have not as much land, we have as much skill and in dustry as the Americans have, and might, therefore, by the produce of our own industry, purchase a free and plentifu portion of the produce of American land. It is also true, per haps, that temperance principles have taken faster hold, and had a wider spread in America than in this country; and this will give the Americans some advantage. Yet temperance

principles have been widely spread and firmly established in Ireland; and even in this country Teetotalism has produced a glorious change; and if the laws and institutions of the country had been of a more popular character, there is reason to believe that Teetotalism would have spread more widely, and worked more powerfully both here and in Ireland, than they have done. It is bad government then that keeps this country back. It is bad government that makes us less prosperous than the United States. It is bad government that starves and tortures the people; and the people ought to know it. And the government ought to be made to understand that the people know it. It is bad government that curses our country; and the people of this country ought not to rest till they have effected a thorough, a radical, and an everlasting change in the government. A curse on tyranny. May the lightning of popular indignation destroy it for ever!

The

OUR RULERS AND THE CONSTITUTION.

governors of our country frequently talk about the constitution, and pretend to consider it a sufficient objection to a measure that it is against the constitution; yet these same governors care not a straw about the constitution, when it stands in the way of their own selfish interests. It has been decreed by the highest authorities in the land, that it is unconstitutional to take money out of the pockets of the people in the shape of taxes, without the consent of the people, or the people's representatives. This is considered to be the supreme law of the land, and to be binding upon every branch of the Government. Yet this principle is violated by our governors every day. They have taken money from me and from my father for more than fifty years past, without either our consent, or the consent of any representative of ours. It was not till the last election that I had the opportunity of voting for a representative of the people, and even then the representative of the people was not chosen. A man was chosen who does not represent one twentieth part of the people of the borough in which I live. He was chosen by the votes of a handful of whigs, few of whom agreed with him in politics, and by a number of tories, who supported him for the purpose of keeping out the people's representative. But nine-tenths of the people in the borough were not allowed to vote at all at the election. Yet they are all taxed. The Government taxes them every year; yet neither asks their consent, nor allows them to have a representative. The Government of this country taxes all the people

of the land, yet neither asks the consent of the people nor allows the people's representative in general to speak for them. Nine-tenths of the people of this kingdom are treated as though they were mere nothings, except with respect to taxation. The Government treats them as something when they want taxes; but when popular rights and privileges are concerned, the Government treats them as nonentities. Thus the Government itself violates the supreme law of the land; it tramples upon the most essential principles of the constitution. The constitution, for the safety of whch the rulers pretend to have so much regard, they trample in the dust. Our governors are hypocrites and liars. They care not a straw for the constitution, except so far as the constitution affords them an opportunity of living and getting rich at other people's expense, of rising to the heights of power by trampling upon the rights of their neighbours, of making the country and its millions of people subservient to their own selfish interests.

Another principle of the constitution is, that no person, who has an office or place of profit under the king, or who receives a pension from the crown, shall be capable of serving as a member of the House of Commons; yet, notwithstanding this principle, there are several members of the House of Commons who hold office or place of profit under the King or Queen, and who receive pensions from the crown. Attention to the constitution in this particular would diminish the power of some of our rulers, and diminish their incomes as well; and so the constitution goes for nothing. If any violation of the constitution was likely to endanger their incomes or their power, they would cry out against such violence loudly enough; but when the violation of the constitution tends to increase their incomes or their power, they utter not a whisper against its violation. They are like the sects and priesthoods of the day. If obedience to their laws be conducive to their interests, they insist on obedience; but if obedience to their laws happens to militate against their interests, they make obedience itself a sin. Their great and all-controlling principle is, a regard to interest; and they applaud or condemn, they bless or they curse, they honour and degrade people, jus as they happen to be friendly or unfriendly to their interests. Regard for law is only a pretence. So it is with the Govern ments of the country. The constitution is nothing with them, except so far as it may aflord them opportunities of making themselves richer at other people's expense, or of perpetuating their unjust power. A very great part of the laws of the land are unconstitutional; but they are in favour of the

rulers, of the aristocrats; hence Government makes no complaints against them. We want a change, a radical and thorough change, and we must have it.

WHO ARE THE GREATEST CRIMINALS?

The greatest criminals are not those who are shut up in prisons, or transported, or hung. They are not those who occasionally rob people on the highway, knock honest tradesmen on the head as they are returning from the market, break into houses and shops, kill the people that stand in their way, and take away the property they meet with. They are not the men who now and then fire a pistol at the Queen, or shoot a Prime Minister, or rise in masses to break machinery, to pull down mills, to fire the corn-stacks, or to effect by violence a change of Government. The greatest criminals in our country, are persons of a very different description. They are men who, in general, are called Honourable and Right Honourable, Noble and Most Noble, Gracious and Excellent. They are persons that wear fine clothes, that ride in splendid carriages, that fill high places, that occupy responsible situations. They are, in general, men who would think it beneath them to knock on the head a single tradesman, to pick a solitary pocket, to break into a single house or shop. They are persons that very seldom are brought before the magistrates, shut up in prison, transported to Sydney, or hung on the gallows. They are persons who manage their matters in a very superior manner. They are thieves, to be sure; but they rob according to law. They are murderers too; but they kill people under the forms of Government. They do things respectably. They never trouble their heads about robbing one or two; they rob scores of millions at a time. Nor do they often trouble themselves about killing individuals; they kill people by multitudes. They starve them to death by hundreds of thousands, or get them shot down in tens of thousands by the muskets of foreigners, and at times by each others muskets. And they seldom rob the rich; they generally plunder the poor. They seldom attack the strong; they generally fall upon the weak. And they are careful not to go forth in person on their deeds of plunder and destruction; they generally do their deeds of death and dishonesty by proxy. Sometimes they kidnap men to steal and kill for them; at other times they beguile them into their service under pretence of love of country, and deathless honour, or by the promise of rich bounty. In other cases they simply bribe them to do their work of death and plunder, by large

sums of money, and idle luxuriant lives. They generally take care also to form themselves into one great association, and to set themselves forth before the public under some such august and venerable name as GOVERNMENT, CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITIES, MAGISTRACY, JUDICATURE, Defenders OF THEIR COUNTRY, and the like. By their union, they make the perpetration of their deeds of death and dishonesty more easy; they are enabled to carry on their business also in a more wholesale way, and thus accomplish their dark, infernal objects more effectually. In short, the aristocracy are the greatest criminals in this country. Where other thieves have stolen a penny, they have stolen a pound. Where other thieves have stolen a pound, the aristocracy have stolen thousands. Where other murderers have killed a single man, they have killed a multitude. Where cruel masters have starved a single apprentice, they have starved ten thousand of their fellow-countrymen. Their deeds of plunder know no bounds; nor do their deeds of blood. They and their predecessors have carried on their horrid work for many generations. They have, within the last few centures, robbed the people of this country of countless millions. They have shed the blood of millions of their subjects, and have shed the blood of millions more of other countries. They have broken innumerable hearts. They have filled the virtuous breasts of multitudes with fearful indig nation. So black and horrible have been their deeds, so successful too have been their unnatural projects, that they have caused no few to doubt the existence of a God and an eternal Providence. They have gorged themselves with ill-gotten gain till they have destroyed their own enjoyment of it, and in many cases rendered their lives a burden to themselves. And what is worse, they have generally, as before was hinted, the poor their victims. It is the poor that they have chiefly plundered. They have occasionally robbed the rich; but very seldom and when they have robbed the rich, they have gene rally done it lightly. If they have taken away from them a little, they have left them a great deal. But the poor they have robbed unceasingly. They have tortured them constantly They have robbed them of their all. They have not only rob bed them of the land, but even of the fruits of their labour; and what is worse, they have even deprived them in many cases of the means of obtaining profitable employment at all In many cases they have taken the poor whom they had previously plundered and almost starved, and shut them up in prisons, or transported them beyond the seas, or hung them on the gallows till they were dead, simply because they ventured

made