CHAPTER XIV

THE NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF A PRESIDENT

Rise of National Nominating Conventions Selection of Delegates

to a National Convention - Meeting of a National Convention

The Campaign - Presidential Electors - Election by the

House of Representatives - The Twelfth Amendment — The

Election of 1824 - The Disputed Election of 1876

Elections Act of 1887

Suggested by the Text

-

Disputed

145

Questions on the Text-Questions

CHAPTER XV

-

THE CABINET AND EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

-

-

The Cabinet - The English Cabinet- - The Executive Depart-

ments - The Department of State - The Diplomatic Service

The Consular Service - The Treasury Department — The

War Department The Navy Department The Department

of the Interior Post Office Department - The Department

of Justice The Department of Agriculture - The Depart-

ment of Commerce and Labor - Separate Commissions and

Boards - Questions on the Text

Text.

-

Questions Suggested by the

153

CHAPTER XVI

THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE

Congress - The Senate Qualifications of Senators - Election of

Senators - The House of Representatives - Qualifications for

Representatives ·Apportionment of Representatives - Con-

gressional Districts - Privileges and Remunerations of Members

of Congress Organization and Methods of Congress - Organi-

zation of the Senate - The Organization of the House of

Representatives Criticism of the Committee System - Com-

mittee of the Whole- The Making of a Law - Filibustering —

Congressional Publications - Comparison of Congress with the

British Parliament- Questions on the Text Questions Sug-

gested by the Text

172

CHAPTER XVII

THE POWERS OF CONGRESS

Powers Granted to Congress - Limitations upon the Authority of

Congress - Exclusive Powers of Each House of Congress

Questions on the Text — Questions Suggested by the Text

-

CHAPTER XVIII

188

THE RELATION OF CONGRESS TO COMMERCE

-

Commercial Powers of Congress Commercial Treaties - The

Panama Canal - · American Shipping — Interstate Commerce -

Railroad Consolidation and Resulting Problems — The Inter-

state Commerce Commission and Its Powers - Anti-Trust

Laws Questions on the Text Questions Suggested by the

Text

-

193

Patent and Copyright Laws - Pure Food Law - Military and

Naval Powers of Congress - The United States Army

General Staff of the Army- The Militia - The United States

Navy Questions on the Text Questions Suggested by the

Text

-

-

201

CHAPTER XX

FINANCIAL AND MONETARY SYSTEMS OF THE UNITED STATES

-

Public Finance - Public Expenditure - Public Revenues - Direct
and Indirect Taxation - The Sixteenth Amendment to the
Constitution, Permitting Federal Direct Taxation — Federal
Taxes on Imports - Excise Taxes - - State and Local Taxation
Taxes on Property Poll Taxes

Franchise Taxes - Inheritance and Income Taxes - Other

Local Sources of Income-Exemptions from Taxation -

Public Debts-Local Debts-United States Money

tions on the Text - Questions Suggested by the Text

223

CHAPTER XXI

THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY

-

-

The

Necessity of Federal Courts Jurisdiction of Federal Courts

Eleventh Amendment — The Supreme Court - Inferior Federal

Courts District Courts - Circuit Courts Court of Cus-

toms Appeals and Commerce Court Court of Claims

Appointment of Federal Judges Court Officers - Relation

Between State and Federal Courts - Questions on the Text

Questions Suggested by the Text

-

CHAPTER XXII

THE GOVERNMENT OF TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES

The National Domain - Land Policy of the United States - The

Result of the Public Land Policy Government of Organized

Territories How a Territory May Become a State - The

District of Columbia - - Insular Possessions · - Porto Rico

The Philippines · Guam and Tutuila — Questions on the Text

-

- Questions Suggested by the Text

APPENDIX

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Personal Rights - Voting -The Legislature - The Executive

Department - Officers of Administration — The Judiciary

State Property and Debts Corporations, Public Funds

Education - Officers The Militia - Cities Oath of Office,

230

259

AMERICAN CIVICS FOR THE SEVENTH AND EIGHTH SCHOOL YEARS

CHAPTER I

THE NATURE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT

Necessity of Government.— Man is one of the most social of beings; the greater part of the life of most men is spent in the company of other human beings. To such an extent has this been the case that in all ages persons who have chosen to live by themselves in places remote from other men have been regarded as at least peculiar.

Since men are not morally perfect, there must be in every association some rules to govern conduct and some power to enforce these rules. Any exercise of authority is Government. Such terms as family government, school government, and church government are familiar to everyone. Society, which means the people in a community, finds it necessary to regulate the conduct of its members. The individual must be protected in his person and property against the injuries of the strong and unprincipled. Disputes between persons are sure to arise and there must be some power above the individual to decide what is justice and to enforce its decision. Moreover, means of protection