A History of Psychology in Metascientific PerspectiveTwo fields of interest are combined in this volume: the history of science and the theory, or philosophy, of science (metascience). The result is a history of psychology with emphasis placed upon a metascientific analysis of the work of fourteen psychologists from various periods. Each analysis is set in historical context; a period or school is discussed in each chapter, together with a metascientific analysis of some major works from the respective period or school. The author employs a metascientific descriptive system or `systematology' developed during more than 30 years of work on comparative, metascientific studies of about 50 psychological theories. The results of those studies have been published in previous works. These analyses are also used here for verifying T.S. Kuhn's much-debated theory about the `revolutionary' development of sciences. The author revises Kuhn's theory and shows that it can be applied to the history of psychology. Thus, in a Kuhnian sense, psychology may be said to have had two `normal periods' and two `periods of crisis' leading to school formation. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 13 | |
Chapter 3 The philosophical prehistory of psychology | 71 |
Chapter 4 Classical experimental psychology | 109 |
Chapter 5 Gestalt psychology | 165 |
Chapter 6 Reflexology and classical behaviorism | 193 |
Chapter 7 Psychoanalysis | 259 |
Chapter 8 The psychology of the integration period | 331 |
Chapter 9 Humanistic psychology | 403 |
Chapter 10 Marxist psychology | 443 |
Chapter 11 Contemporary behaviorism | 477 |
Chapter 12 Mainstream psychology | 505 |
Retrospective and prospective postscript | 571 |
| 579 | |
| 595 | |
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according basis became behavior behaviorist biological brain Chapter chology classical experimental classification conception conditioned reflexes consciousness consists contains data-stratum data-theses descriptive determined discourse drive dynamic empirical empiricism epistemology especially experiments explain explicitly factors formulated Freud function Gestalt psychology graphic model Hull Hull's humanistic psychology hypothesis hypothetical stratum hypothetical terms hypothetical variables ideal of science important integrating integrating psychology Köhler Kuhn's later Law of Effect learning Leontyev Lewin logical logical empiricism macroschool Madsen Marxist psychology Maslow mentioned meta-paradigm meta-theses metatheoretical metatheoretical analysis method monism motivation Murray needs neutral monistic nomothetic ontological organism paradigm paradigm-creators Pavlov perception personality personality psychology philosophy of science physiological principle problem production psyche psycho-physical theory psychoanalysis reaction Reformulated symbolically regarded reinforcement relation scientific community self-actualizing sensory Skinner social stimulus structure super-ego systematological taxonomy testability theoretical tion Tolman Watson Wundt