Biogeography:

able adapted adaptive radiation Africa allele angiosperms animals and plants Arctic areas Asia Australia become biogeography biome birds blue chaffinch Britain British Isles Cenozoic Chalkhill blue climatic changes climax community cold colonization competition continental continental drift continents cycads deciduous deserts domesticated early ecological niches ecosystem effects energy environment environmental Eurasia Europe evolution evolutionary evolved example extinction factors fauna feed Figure flora flowers forest fossil genera glacial glaciers Gondwanaland gradient grassland groups habitat Hawaiian herbivores humidity insects island isolated lakes land larvae Laurasia layer limited living mammals marsupials microhabitats mountain North America northern number of species nutrients occupied occur ocean organisms Paleocene period Permian physical placentals plant species plants and animals Pleistocene population predators probably range regions relict result seeds soil South southern spread surface survive temperate temperature tion trees tropical tundra types vegetation wind woodland